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SENIOR four
553/1
Biology
PAPER 1
Exam 17
2hrs
1.a) Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands.
Exocrine glands secrete their substances through ducts onto your body's surfaces. On the
other hand, endocrine glands secrete their substances directly into your bloodstream
b. Below is a diagram of a human female showing the location.
of two endocrine glands.
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c. Name the glands A and B and one hormone produced by each.
A. Adrenaline,
B. Oestrogens, progesterone
d. Give three effects of adrenaline in the body.
i. Cause heart to beat faster
ii. Causes fast breathing
iii. Pupil widen
iv. Causes sweating
v. Increase blood sugar
vi. Increases blood pressure and increases blood flow to brain and muscle
QN2. The diagram below shows the structure of the villus
(a) Label parts marked A, B, C and D.
A. Epithelium
B. Lacteal
C. Lymphatic system
D. Blood vessels
(b) What food substance enter
(i) A glucose, amino acids, water, vitamins
(ii) B fatty acids
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(c) State two factors which make a villus an effective absorption structure.
(i) Villi are thin to increase surface area for absorption
(ii) Well supplied by blood to carry away absorbed food so as to maintain diffusion gradient
(iii)The villi have thin membrane to reduce diffusion gradient
(iv) Villi have high concentration of mitochondria to provide energy for active transport.
(v) Villi contain lacteal for absorption of fats
(d) How does the absorbed food in B reach the general circulation?
through internal jugular vein State two nutrients which are absorbed before reaching the villi.
QN3 The figure below below shows a mammalian urinary system
(a) Name parts A-F
A. Kidney
B. Renal vein
C. renal artery
D. ureter
E. bladder
F. urethra
(b) Briefly explain why the concentration of urea in B is less than that in C.
because urea and other waste products are removed by the kidney
(c) What is the function of E?
Temporary storage of urine
(d) A sample of urine was found to contain sugar
(i) Suggest the type of sugar likely to be in urine sample:
Glucose
(ii) What hormone is likely to be deficit in a person from whim the urine sample was taken:
Insulin
(iii)Name the disease that the person is likely to be suffering from:
Diabetes mellitus
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G. Another individual was passing out a lot of urine but without sugar and complaining of
thirst most of the time.
(i) Suggest a hormone that is deficient in this individual:
ADH –antidiuretic hormone
(ii) Name the organ which produces the hormone referred to in (e)(i) above.
Pituitary
SECTION B
4. a). Describe the structure of a motor neuron.
Functions of parts of nerve cell
- Nerve fibre or axon transmits impulses
- The myelin sheath protects the axon; it also insulates the axon and speeds up
transmission of impulse.
- Nucleus controls cellular activity
- Dendrites or make contacts with other nerve cells or effector
- Nodes of Ranvier are microscopic gaps found within myelinated axons. Their function
is to speed up propagation of action potentials along the axon via saltatory conduction
- The cell body preserves the structural integrity of the neuron, houses the genetic
material, and supplies energy to drive activities.
b). What is meant by a reflex action?
The reflex action in a rapid, automatic stereotyped response to a stimulus which is not under
the conscious control of the brain.
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c. By means of a diagram, show the path followed by a nerve impulse during a reflex
action.
From the receptor impulse is conducted through the sensory nerve to the brain and
from the brain to the effector through a motor neuron
5. a) What is soil erosion?
is the washing away of top soil
b) State the various types of soil erosion.
- sheet erosion
- rill erosion
- gully erosion
c) Explain how man’s activities may lead to soil erosion.
- Overgrazing
- Clearing land for agriculture
- Deforestation
- Road construction
- monoculture
6. a) Describe the life cycle of a housefly.
b) What is the economic importance of a house fly?
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Transmits diseases e.g. dysentery, cholera, trachoma, typhoid fever and poliomyelitis.
c) How will you minimize the spread of houseflies in a home?
General cleanness and hygiene
Use insecticides.
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