Dragnet Verbal Test 1
Solution Booklet
Solutions
Each of the statements are either True or False or Cannot say. However, we are
interested only in the true statements.
True: The statement follows logically from the information contained in the passage.
False: The statement is logically false from the information contained in the
passage. Cannot Say: It is not possible to determine whether the statement is true or
false without further information.
Over ten percent of the adult population suffers from a phobia-type of anxiety
disorder characterised by an intense, irrational fear of an object or situation that
interferes with the sufferers’ daily life. Although experts do not fully understand the
cause of phobias, research indicates that heredity and triggering events are likely
factors. There are a variety of treatments available for phobia sufferers. Cognitive
behaviour therapy (CBT) is a very popular, and effective method of desensitization.
This approach treats the phobia’s anxiety symptoms as conditioned behaviours that can,
through systematic exposure to the feared stimulus, be re-learned. CBT increases
exposure to the feared object or situation very gradually, thereby modifying the patient’s
response and developing tolerance. A less common treatment is flooding, which uses
total immersion to the feared object in order to desensitize the patient. Medication is also
used to treat phobias. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are antidepressants that
can be prescribes to reduce panic and improve confidence, though they can have
negative side effects including weight gain. While phobias are among the most easily
treated mental health problems, less than 25% of surferers seek treatment. If untreated,
phobias can exacerbate and develop into other problems, such as depression and low
self-esteem
Q1 Which two of these statements must be true?
(True) Despite the high success rates of phobia treatments, most sufferers remain untreated
While phobias are among the most easily treated mental health problems, less than 25%
of Sufferers seek treatment (from the last 4 lines in the passage)
(True) The majority of phobia sufferers run the risk of developing associated problems
Since majority of phobia sufferers do not go for treatment, it therefore follows that majority of
them run the risk of developing associated problems (from the last 3 lines in the passage)
(Cannot Say) Weight gain is the main side effect caused by taking MAO inhibitors
The passage stated that weight gain is one of the side effects of taking MAO
inhibitors, it never stated specifically that this is the main side effect
(Cannot say) Flooding is a less effective form of therapy than CBT.
The effectiveness of both were never compared, it was there level of popularity that was compared
Q2 Which two of these statements must be true?
(Cannot say) Phobias do not affect 90% of the adult population
No such value was given in the entire passage
(False) Flooding involves a high degree of exposure to the source of dread
Flooding involves total exposure not an high degree of exposure (clearly stated in line 11)
Page 2
Graduate Standardisation Examination
(True) In CBT, patients are exposed to the feared object or situation in small increments
Very true as seen in line 8 and 9 of the passage
(True) CBT is more effective at treating phobias than antidepressants
From the information given in the passage; CBT help modify the patient’s response
and develop tolerance while antidepressants only seem to have psychological effect
and negative side effects. So one can conclude so
Q3 Which two of these statements must be true?
(True) CBT views a phobia’s symptoms as the result of condition
Very true as seen in line 7 of the passage
(Cannot say) CBT is the most commonly used form of treatment for phobias
The passage says “very popular” and not “most popular” as seen in line 6
(True) A phobia is an extreme and unrealistic fear
Very true as seen in line 1 and 2
(False) Research has proven that phobias are inherited
From the passage, heredity was stated as a likely cause and not a proven
cause as seen in line 4
Q4 Which two of these statements must be true?
(True) Both CBT and flooding involve desensitizing the phobia sufferer
Very true, as seen in line 6 and 11
(Cannot say) Phobias are among the most common form of mental health problem
This statement was never discussed in the passage, rather what
discussed, was how common it was to treat such mental condition; as seen in
the last 4 lines
(False) In flooding, a person is gradually exposed to their source of fear
Flooding involves total immersion as seen line 11 of the passage
(True) A phobia can have a negative impact on sufferer’s daily life
Line 3 confirms this: Phobia interferes with the sufferers’ daily life
Page 3
The most prevalent neurological condition in the developed world, migraine is
characterised by severe, recurrent headaches, with additional symptoms including
nausea and sensitivity to light and sound. The frequency and duration of migraine
attacks are variable: attacks may occur a few times a year or several times per
month, while pain may last between four hours and three days. Approximately one
third of sufferers experience an aura – a perceptual disturbance occurring before
the migraine’s onset. There are numerous theories on the cause of migraines. The
vascular theory posits that migraines are caused by problems with blood vessels in
the brain. A more widely held view is that migraines result from low levels of the
neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain. Prophylactic drug treatment, which
prevents the onset of migraines, has declined in recent years, because of side
effects and also improvements in medications treating an actual attack. Whereas
older varieties of pain medication are potentially addictive, newer drugs called
triptans work by reducing pain information travelling to the brain. Treatment plans
typically include avoidance of known migraine triggers, such as diet, alcohol, and
stress, as overuse of medication can lead to chronic “rebound headaches.” Not
only do migraines have a debilitating effect on sufferers, they are also bad for the
economy, with an estimated 25 million days lost from work every year in the UK
alone.
Q5 Which two of these statements must be true?
. (Cannot Say) One third of migraines are preceded by a heightened sensitivity to light.
The passage stated in line 3 that migraines are characterised with symptoms like
sensitivity to light and sound, nothing was stated about one third of migraines
being preceded by a heightened sensitivity to light.
(False) It is not possible to work when suffering from a migraine.
While the last sentence states that 25 million work days are lost due to migraines,
it does not say that it is impossible to work
(True) There are numerous theories on the cause of migraines.
Very true as seen in line 7
(True) Prophylactic drug has side effect
This was stated in line 12
Q6 Which two of these statements must be true?
(Cannot Say) Serotonin deficiency is the most commonly held theory of migraine causes.
It is a widely held vascular theory, but the passage does not compare it to
every theory. So we cannot say if it is the most held theory.
Page 4
(False) Migraine triggers include only alcohol and stress.
It include not only alcohol and stress but also diet and over use of medications; as
seen in the last 4 and 5 lines
(True) Old varieties of pain reducing drugs may be difficult to stop.
Very true; as seen in line 13
(True) Headaches can reoccur and even increase from overuse of medication.
Very true; as seen in the last 3 lines
Q7 Which two of these statements must be true?
(Cannot say) Migraine is the most prevalent disease in the developed world.
The passage stated that migraine is the most prevalent neurological condition in
the world, nothing was said about it being the most prevalent disease
(True) Sufferers from migraine become more sensitive to light and sound.
Very true; as seen in line 3
(False) Triptans are a new form of prophylactic drug which are less addictive.
Triptans are not prophylactic drugs; they reduce pain rather than prevent
headaches
(True) The frequencies of migraine attacks are not constant
The passage states “The frequency and duration of migraine attacks are variable
Q8 Which two of these statements must be true?
(Cannot say) The vascular theory has been discredited
Though the passage tells us that it is not the most widely held view, it does
not necessarily follow that it has been discredited.
(True) Problems with blood vessels and serotonin deficiencies may cause migraines
Very true as seen in line 8-10 of the passage
(True) In the extensive view, migraines also affect the economy
Very true as seen in the last two lines of the passage
(Cannot say) Migraines can be cured easily
This fact was never presented in the passage, so we cannot say it is true
Page 5
Graduate Standardisation Examination
Is free internet access as much a universal human right as access to clean water and
healthcare? Many leading experts believe that the 80% of the world’s population that
is not connected to the web should have access to information through free low-
bandwidth connection via mobile phones. The one fifth of the world connected to the
internet, however, faces a very different problem: an insatiable appetite for bandwidth
that outstrips availability. Bandwidth refers to the capacity to transfer data through a
channel. Emails, for example, require less bandwidth than video. Information traffic
jams result when too many users try to move information at the same time, exceeding
the channel’s capacity. The popularity of mobile web devices means demand for
wireless channels is growing rapidly, but bandwidth supply is limited – resulting in high
charges for use. With bandwidth controlled by a handful of private suppliers,
bandwidth is the subject of government debate in many countries, including the United
States. Bandwidth suppliers are in favour of introducing tiered pricing structures,
whereby customers paying higher rates would receive faster service. Critics believe
that a tiered system violates the principle of net neutrality – whereby all data is treated
as equal
– and would allow suppliers to profiteer from controlling a scarce resource. Suppliers
argue that they are funding huge infrastructure updates – such as switching from
copper wires to expensive fiberoptics – in order to improve services.
Q9 Which two of these statements must be true?
(False) The main argument in the passage is that internet users are not leaving
enough bandwidth for 80% of the world’s population.
The passage raises two separate problems- lack of internet connection for 80% of
the World and bandwidth shortage for internet users- but there is no causal
relationship between the two problems
(Cannot say) Access to information via the internet is a basic human right.
The first two sentences raises this question, but do not provide an objective answer
(True) Suppliers back their demand for higher charges claiming higher infrastructural
updates
Very true; as seen in the last two lines of the passage
(True) In the new proposal customers paying higher will receive faster service
Very true; as seen in the last five lines
Q10 Which two of these statements must be true?
(Cannot say) Tired system violates the principle of neutrality
The passage never stated this as a fact, it was actually critics that believe
that tired system violates this principle and we cannot take the belief of
critics as a fact; this is seen in the last five lines of the passage.
Page 6
(False) Demand for wireless channels is limited, but bandwidth supply is growing
This is false because the passage says otherwise; line 10 and 11 of the
passage states that demand for wireless is growing but bandwidth is limited
(True) Mobile net device increase has contributed towards the pressure on bandwidth
availability
th
Very true – as stated in the 7 sentence
(True) Only a few suppliers control bandwidth supply
th
Very true – as seen in the 12 sentence
Q11 Which two of these statements must be true?
(False) The bandwidth for emails and video are the same
The passage states that mails require less bandwidth than video – line 8 of
the passage
(True) Switching from copper wires to expensive fiberoptics will increase bandwidth service
Very true – as seen in the last line of the passage
(True) Capacity to transfer data through a channel is bandwidth
th
Very true – as seen in the 6 line of the passage
(Cannot say) The tiered pricing structures would charge mobile web devices users more
th
While the 7 sentence states that mobile web devices are subject to high charges, the
th
tiered pricing structures described in the 9 sentence does not mention costs for
mobile web devices, merely a cost associated with a faster service
Q12 Which two of these statements must be true?
(True) Proponents of net neutrality are against the prioritising of certain web traffic.
Very True – as explained in line 9 and 10 of the passage
(True) Even those with internet connection are still unsatisfied for new bandwidth
Very True – as seen in line 6 of the passage
(Cannot say) Free internet access is as much a universal human right
The passage never stated this as a fact, it asked this as an question – first line
of the passage
(Cannot say) Traffic jams results only when information are moved at the same time
The passage never said that traffic jam ONLY results when information are
moved at the same time. See line 8 and 9 of the passage
Page 7
Graduate Standardisation Examination
The Dead Sea Scrolls are probably the most significant archaeological discovery of
the twentieth century. More than 800 ancient documents, written on papyrus and
parchment, were found in 1947 in desert caves at Qumran, near the Dead Sea. The
texts mainly date from between the last century BCE and the first century CE and
are comprised of three types of document: copies of books from the Hebrew Bible;
apocryphal manuscripts; and documents pertaining to the beliefs and practices of a
sectarian community. The former category is arguably of the greatest academic
significance, as documents such as a complete copy of the Book of Isaiah enabled
historians to analyse the accuracy of Bible translations. However, the secrecy of the
scholars appointed by the Israeli Antiquities Authority, and their slow rate of
publication, were the subject of international controversy. In 1991, the Huntington
Library made photographic images of the full set of scrolls finally available to all
researchers. While the scrolls’ importance is indisputable, there is no consensus
over the texts’ origins. The traditional view is that the scrolls belonged to an ascetic
Jewish sect, widely believed to be the Essenes. The Essenes’ rules and doctrines
are even seen by some scholars as a precursor to Christianity. A competing theory
holds that the documents are sacred texts belonging to various Jewish
communities, hidden in the caves for safekeeping around 68CE, during the
unsuccessful Jewish Revolt against the Romans in Jerusalem.
Q13 Which two of these statements must be true?
(False) Dead Sea Scrolls is that they belonged to an early Christian sect called the Essenes
The Essence are described as an “ascetic jewish sect”. They may have been a
Precursor to Christianity but they themselves were an ascetic Jewish sect
(Cannot say) Dead Sea scrolls are the most significant archaeological discovery in the
th
20 century
The passage never said this as a fact, rather it gave it as a statement of
probability, as seen in line 1
(True) There are photographic images of the full set of scrolls
This is true as seen in line 12
(True) There are competing theories on the ownership of the ownership of the Dead Sea scroll
This is true as seen in the last 3 and 5 lines
Q14 Which two of these statements must be true?
(True) Both the origins and the process of the scrolls have been disputed
The fifth and sixth sentences describe controversy over the scholars’ work, while the
th th th
8 9 and 10 sentences describe debate over the scrolls’ origins.
Page 8
(False) The Dead sea scroll consist more than 3 types of documents
This is false because line 5 of the passage confirms that only 3 types of
documents are found in the dead sea scroll
(True) The book of Isaiah aided the analyses of the bible translations accuracy
This is very true as seen in line 9
(False) The Hebrew bible were among the artefacts formed
This statement is false, because the passage informs us that it was copies of
the Hebrew bible and not the Hebrew Bible as a whole that was discovered
Q15 Which two of these statements must be true?
(True) The slow rate of publication by scholars caused controversy
Line 11 of the passage asserts this
(Cannot say) The Essenes inhabited the desert caves at Qumran near the Dead Sea.
While one theory states that the scrolls are thought to be Essence in origin, it
does Not necessarily follow that the Essence lived in the caves.
(True) The Dead Sea scroll were found in 1947
This is true as seen in line 3
(Cannot say) A Sectarian community were in charge of keeping the scrolls
The passage never said this. Line 7 only said that part of the discovered document
pertained to the beliefs and practices of the sectarian community
Q16 Which two of these statements must be true?
(Cannot say) The Dead Sea Scrolls include the oldest known copy of the Book of Isaiah.
While the Dead Sea Scrolls do include a copy of the Book of Isaiah and the
th
4 sentence suggests that the Bible books are the oldest known copies,
the above statement was not expressly stated
(False) The Dead Sea Scrolls were written on parchment
This is false because it presents an incomplete information. Line 2 and 3 of the
Passage states that they were written on both papyrus and parchment
(True) The text on scrolls had varying dates
This is true as seen in line 4 of the passage
(True) This passage summarises the difference between two main theories on the scroll
The passage summarises whether the scrolls are the detailed accounts of one
particular sect and it provides historical information about the wider jewish
people This is seen in the final 3 sentence
Page 9
Have you ever set your mouth on fire by biting into a chilli pepper? The sensation
is caused by capsaicin, a chemical compound that stimulates the mouth’s pain
receptors, which in turn tell the brain you’ve eaten something hot. The body
reacts by perspiring and releasing endorphins, the “feel-good” effect of which
perhaps accounts for spicy food’s appeal. The first scale for measuring a chilli’s
heat was developed in 1912 by the chemist Wilbur Scoville. Scoville Heat Units
refer to the number of times a chilli must be diluted before it is undetectable to
tasters. The world’s hottest chilli, the Indian naga jolokia, measures 970,000 SHU.
Today a chilli’s heat can be measured more accurately using high-pressure liquid
chromatography, a technique that calculates the concentration of capsaicin in a
solution. Humans have consumed chillies for over 8,000 years; they were first
cultivated 6,000 years ago in South and Central America. In the late 15th century
Christopher Columbus introduced chillies to the rest of the world via Spain, where
they were called peppers because they were spicy like peppercorns. In addition to
their culinary uses, chillies have long been prized for their medicinal properties.
Scientific studies show that capsaicin may lower blood pressure and aid weight
loss. Capsaicin has traditionally been used in tropical analgesics, however new
research indicates that the compound may actually be carcinogenic.
Q17 Which two of these statements must be true?
(Cannot say) Chilli peppers are only indigenous to South and Central America.
The passage does not explicitly state this fact. While they were first cultivated
in South and Central America, wild chillies could have been found in other
countries
(True) The scale developed by Wilbur Scoville is inherently subjective.
This is true because it involves human tasters, and is therefore subjective
(Cannot say) Capsaicin is actually carcinogenic
This is not a fact because the passage says the compound may be carcinogenic
(True) Columbus introduced chillies to the world via spain
Very true – as seen in line 13
Q18 Which two of these statements must be true?
(True) Some people eat chilli peppers for their psychological effect as well as their spicy taste.
This is true because sentence three suggests that release of endorphins contribute
to the popularity of spicy food.
(True) Naga jolokia is the world’s hottest chilli.
This is true as seen in line 8 of the passage
Page 10
(Cannot say) The most important use of chilli pepper is to lose weight
There is nowhere in the passage where it s stated as a fact that the MOST important
use of chilli pepper is to lose weight
(Cannot say) Endorphin is a hormone that makes you feel good
Though the passage confirms that the release of Endorphin makes you feel good,
it never called Endorphin a HORMONE
Q19 Which two of these statements must be true?
(True) Wilbur’s scale was not the most efficient for measuring chilli’s heat.
Very true because the passage confirms in line 8 and 9 that there is a
more accurate measuring standard
(True) Chillies have medical values.
Very true as seen at the last 4 lines of the passage
(False) Capsaicin sends a message to the brain that you have eaten something hot
From the passage, it is pain receptors that sends message to the brain after
capsaicin Is eaten
th
(True) High pressure liquid chromatography was developed in the 20 century
Very true as seen in line 8
Q20 Which two of these statements must be true?
(True) Pepper got their name from peppercorns
Very true – as seen in the last five line of the passage
(False) Chilli pepper was first consumed 6,000 years ago
The passage stated that humans have consumed chilli for over 8000 years ago
(True) High pressure liquid chromatography is more efficient than Scoville’s scale
True – as seen in line 8 and 9
(False) Sensation from eating hot chilli pepper is gotten from pain receptors
The sensation is gotten from capsaicin, a chemical compound that stimulates the
mouth’s pain receptors
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