҆ VIDYALAYA SR.
SEC SCHOOL
VEL S
KOVILPATTI
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2024-2025
SUBMITTED BY:
MITHRAJEETH L.U
XII-A
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that MITHRAJEETH L U of class XII-A of
VEL’S VIDHYALAYA SR SEC SCHOOL has successfully
completed the project on Removal of alcohol from the body
through esterification during academic year 2024-2025 under the
guidance of Mr.MurugaPerumal sir. This project is absolutely genuine
and does not indulge in plagiarism of any kind.The references taken in
making of this project have been declared at the end of this project.
Signature of External Examiner :
Signature of Teacher In-charge :
Signature of Principal :
DATE :
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my greatest appreciation to the all individuals
who helped and supported me through the project. I am thankful to
my chemistry teacher Mr.Murugaperumal for his ongoing support
during the project, from initial advice and provision of contacts in the
first stages through ongoing advice and encouragement,which led to
the final report of this chemistry project.
A special acknowledgement goes to our respected correspondent
Mr.Nagamuthu sir , Principal Mr.Porkamalan sir and the
institution for this wonderful opportunity.
I wish to thank my parents for their undivided support. At the end, I
want to thank my friends who displayed appreciation to my work and
motivated me to continue my work.
THANK YOU !
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1) ABSTRACT
2) INTRODUCTION
3) EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON HUMAN BODY
4) ESTERIFICATION REACTION
5) PRIOR WORKS
6) THEORY
7) CALCULATIONS
8) PROCEDURES
9) OBSERVATIONS
10) COMMERCIAL/PRACTICAL APPROACH
11) CONCLUSION
12) BIBLIOGRAPHY
ABSTRACT
The objective is to determine if organic acids can react
effectively with ethanol in an esterification reaction, and possibly be
used to eliminate alcohol from the human body. This topic is
pertaining to a method to chemically remove ethanol in the
stomach before a significant amount of ethanol enters the
bloodstream. The key chemical reaction responsible for ethanol
removal is esterification- through a reaction between ethanol and
acetic acid. Ethanol reacts with acetic acid to produce water and ethyl
acetate, which is a harmless ester found in many food products.
In this way, a feasible remedy can be provided for critical conditions.
INTRODUCTION
All across the globe consumption of alcohol is increasing day by day
or rather has become a trend. Youngsters have fallen for this and
have started consuming alcohol at an early age. Alcohol
consumption gives rise to serious health disorders. It damages the
liver and shows a range of short term and long term disorders on
the brain and central nervous system. It also affects hormone
secretions and sleep cycles. To tackle these problems and to
contribute to a healthy living, we analyse this idea of reducing alcohol
to ester using an esterification reaction.
Effects of alcohol on the human body
Drinking too much – on a single occasion or over time – can take a
serious toll on health. Here’s how alcohol can affect the body:
Alcohol interferes with the brain’s communication pathways, and
can affect the way the brain looks and works. These disruptions
can change mood and behaviour, and make it harder to think
clearly and move with coordination. Drinking a lot over a long time
or too much on a single occasion can damage the heart, causing
problems including:
• Cardiomyopathy – Stretching and drooping of heart muscle
• Arrhythmias – Irregular heart beat
• Stroke
• High blood pressure.
Heavy drinking takes a toll on the liver, and can lead to a variety of
problems and liver inflammations including:
●Steatosis, or fatty liver
●Alcoholic hepatitis
●Fibrosis
●Cirrhosis
Alcohol causes the pancreas to produce toxic substances that can
eventually lead to pancreatitis, a dangerous inflammation and
swelling of the blood vessels in the pancreas that prevents proper
digestion.
According to the National Cancer Institute: "There is a strong
scientific consensus that alcohol drinking can cause several types of
cancer. In its Report on Carcinogens, the National Toxicology
Program of the US Department of Health and Human Services lists
consumption of alcoholic beverages.
esterification reaction
Esterification is the process of combining an organic acid
(RCOOH) with an alcohol (ROH) to form an ester (RCOOR) and
water; or a chemical reaction resulting in the formation of at least one
ester product.
Ester is obtained by an esterification reaction of an alcohol and a
carboxylic acid. When primary alcohol is treated with a carboxylic
acid in the presence of sulphuric acid a compound is formed.
This compound has a sweet smell. The compound obtained is called
ester. The chemical reaction occurring in the formation of the
ester is known as an esterification reaction.
C₂H₅OH + CH₃COOH →CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂0
Ethyl alcohol + Acetic acid → Ethyl acetate+ Water
PRIOR WORKS
✓ In January 2008, a patent was filed under the name “Method for
the Accelerated in Vivo Removal of Ethanol” (U.S. Pat. No.
7,323,452). The patent stated that the liver naturally converts
ethanol into acetaldehyde using an enzyme called alcohol
dehydrogenase.
✓ It suggested that a pill, capsule, or nasal spray containing
chemical accelerators in the direction of acetaldehyde (such
as zinc ions) could be added in order to increase the proportion of
ethanol that was being eliminated.
✓ However, this proposal is based on the assumption that
ethanol has already entered the bloodstream, and must be
eliminated from there. By the time ethanol has entered the
bloodstream, it is extremely difficult to eliminate it in large
quantities.
✓ Ethanol is a very small molecule (molar mass 46 g/mol)
compared to the organic macromolecules, and even molecules
such as glucose and amino acids, that normally circulate
throughout the bloodstream. Its solubility in water additionally
allows it to circulate rapidly throughout the body. Clearly, the
removal process must take place before ethanol enters the
bloodstream.
✓ In 1984, a patent was filed under the title of “Alcohol
removal from blood with alcohol oxidase (U.S. Pat. No.
4,450,153). Alcohol oxidase is an enzyme that converts
ethanol into acetaldehyde.
✓ After the aldehyde is produced, it naturally decays into water
and carbon dioxide, which are eliminated through urination and
respiration. How ever this method was way too expensive to be
applicable into the commercial field.
THEORY
➢ REACTIONS:
1. Actual esterification reaction:
C2H5OH + CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 + H20
Ethyl alcohol Acetic acid Ethyl acetate Water
2. Pre- esterification reaction:
2CH3COOH + Ca(OH)2 CH3COO-Ca-OOCCH3 + 2H2O
Acetic Acid Calcium Hydroxide Calcium Acetate Water
3. Modified esterification reaction:
2C2H5OH + CH3COO-Ca-OOCCH3 2CH3COOC2H5+Ca(OH)2
Ethanol Calcium Acetate Ethyl Acetate Calcium
Hydroxide
In theory , if an intoxicated individual consumes a molar quantity
of vinegar similar to the amount of ethanol in the alcoholic beverage,
much of the ethanol will be converted into harmless
products(esters).
CALCULATION
Some necessary calculations to obtain right pH of solution i.e. in
the range of 3-4 are as follows:
1.100 ml of vinegar contains approximately 0.067-0.087 moles of
acetic acid depending upon manufacturer.
2. According to FDA, recommended consumption of calcium for
an adult is 1.3g per day.
3.Now, 100ml = 0.067 moles of acetic acid
1000 ml = 0.67 moles of acetic acid
4. Approximately the concentration of vinegar should be 0.03M
using,
M1V1 = M2V2
we obtain the quantity of vinegar as,
(1000x0.03)/0.67
= 44ml
5. Permissible value for Ca(OH)2 is 0.02[1] moles, the amount of
Ca(OH)2 required is,
0.02x74 , where molecular weight of Ca(OH)2 is 74
=1.48g
Procedure
1) Preparation of Solution:
1. Take 44ml of vinegar in a beaker.
2. Measure 1.48g of calcium hydroxide using digital weighing
machine.
3. Add the measured calcium hydroxide to the beaker containing
vinegar and stir well.
4. With the help of pH paper or pH indicator solution, measure the
pH of solution ( we had used pH meter for accuracy ).
5. Obtained pH should be in the range of 3-4.
2) Titration against Potassium Permanganate:
1. Take 10 ml of this solution and add 10 ml alcohol to it.
2. Fill the burette with 2% KMnO4.
3. Perform the titration till brown color is obtained.
Observation
1. Alcohol reacts with acetate ions present in the solution to form
ester , ethyl acetate.
2. It is indicated by citric flavor aroma of ester instead of pungent
smell of acetic acid.
3. Observations from titration suggest complete reduction of
alcohol to ester because:
i. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) which is purple colored acts
as indicator and end point achieved is purple- brown color.
ii. Formation of MnO2- ions gives the brown color and suggests
reduction of alcohol.
Commercial/practical approach
Numerous recipes following the above mentioned principle can be
created to produce essentially the same effect of turning ethanol into
ester in the stomach. Additional flavors and components can also
be introduced to the drink without altering its function while
improving the taste.
Furthermore, the same ingredients can also be incorporated into
solid food such as cakes, snack bars, cookies, and other bakeries in
manners that the heating process of making such goods will not
degrade the performance. It is also conceivable that the mixed solution
may be turned into powder or gel with extra additives so that it can be
packaged into pills that are easier to carry.
CONCLUSION
Alcohol can be harmful to the human body as it can cause heavy
damage to the liver.
Short term effects on the brain include dizziness, drowsiness, loss
of concentration,and mood swings. Long term effects include
memory loss, strokes and concussions. It can result in
infertility or physical deformities and mental retardation in case of
fetus.
Esters having negligible effect on our health proves to be a better
alternative than alcohol in our body.
With the addition of edible colours and artificial flavors it can
be used in the pharmaceutical and drug industry.
Usually our liver takes 10-12 hours to reduce alcohol but this might
prove to be a faster solution.
The invention produces a solution for removing the harmful
effects of alcohol and is inexpensive, safe and effective.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
▪ Class XII Chemistry NCERT Textbook
▪ NCERT Lab Manual
▪ Arihant All in One
▪ https://patents.google.com/patent/US20110060048A1/en
▪ https://thechemistryguru.com/removal-alcohol-body-
esterification
▪ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/esterification
▪ https://www.healthline.com/health/alcohol/effects-on-body
