Film List

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 Contents

Biology: Human Body Chemistry

Human Body 5 Atoms and Bonding 22
Digestion 5 Atoms 22
Heart and Blood 5 Chemical Bonds 22
Lungs 6 States of Matter 23
Muscles and Bones 6 Chemical Industries 24
Being Human 7 Food Basics 24
Brain 7 Oil Products 24
Pregnancy 8 Periodic Table 25
Puberty 8 Discovering Elements 25
Hormones 9 Metals 25
Senses 9 Non-metals 26
Healthy Living 10 Reactions 27
Fitness 10 Acids and Bases 27
Nutrition 10 Energy Changes 27
Substance Misuse 10
Health and Disease 11 Physics
Electricity and Circuits 29
Biology: Natural World Circuits 29
Adaptation and Evolution 13 Electricity 29
Adaptation 13 Magnets 29
Extinction 13 Energy and Radioactivity 30
Evolutionary Theory 14 Energy 30
Cells and DNA 15 Heat 30
The Cell 15 Radioactivity 30
DNA 15 Forces 31
Genetics 16 Applying Force 31
Using Genetics 16 Newton’s Law 31
Immune Defence 17 Pressure 32
Plants 18 Our Solar System 33
Energy and Growth 18 Solar System 33
Plant Structure 18 Sun and Stars 33
Plant Life Cycles 18 The Moon 34
Ecosystems 19 Universe 35
Ecosystems 19 Big Bang 35
Changing Ecosystems 19 Outer Space 35
Plant Life Cycles 19 Satellites 35
Land Biomes 20 Life in the Universe 36
Ocean Biomes 20 Waves 37
Food Chains 20 EM Spectrum 37
Sound 37
Visible Light 37
Key:
Core Films
Context Films
FactPack Films

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 Contents

Earth Science Maths

Earth’s Resources 39 Shape 54
Non-renewable Energy 39 3D Shapes 54
Renewable Energy 39 Circles 54
Future of Energy Resources 39 Similarity and Transformations 54
Water as a Resource 40 Triangles 54
Geology 41 Topology 55
Earth’s Structure 41 Trigonometry 55
Earthquakes 41 Space 56
Volcanoes 42 Coordinates 56
Earth’s Rocks 42 Lines and Curves 56
River Erosion 42 Scale and Perspective 56
Coastal Erosion 43 Measurement 57
Glacial Erosion 43 Ratio and Proportion 57
Human Impacts 44 Scale and Perspective 57
Changing Atmosphere 44 Accuracy and Estimation 57
Pollution 44 Proof 57
Humans and the Carbon Cycle 45 Number 58
Weather 46 Decimals and Fractions 58
Water 46 Percentages 58
Wind 46 Integers and Natural Numbers 58
Weather Systems 47 Powers 59
World Climate 47 Ratio and Proportion 59
Special Numbers 59
Human Geography Number Patterns 60
Orientation and Settlements 49 Binary 60
Mapping Earth 49 Algebra 61
Where We Live 49 Algebraic Modelling 61
Town vs Country 49 Coordinates 61
Travel and Migration 50 Equations 61
A Changing World 51 Sets 61
Globalisation 51 Accuracy and Proof 62
Changing Lives 51 Accuracy and Estimation 62
Unequal World 51 Proof 62
Humans and the Carbon Cycle 52 Statistics and Probability 63
Probability Modelling 63
Extreme Events 63
Sampling 63
Statistical Measures 63
Key: Charts 64
History of Maths 65
Core Films Maths Through the Ages 1 65
Context Films Maths Through the Ages 2 65
Maths in Modern History 65
FactPack Films Great Mathematicians 1 66
Great Mathematicians 2 66

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 Human Body

Being Human

Healthy Living

© Twig World Ltd

Human Body

Human Body: Human Body

Human Body
Digestion

Introduction to Digestion Follow the journey of food through your digestive system.

Stomach The digestive journey – how does your stomach break down your food?

Small Intestine The digestive journey – what happens to food in the small intestine?

Large Intestine The digestive journey: what happens to food in the large intestine?

Beef tapeworms can grow up to 12 metres inside our bodies – what do

Beef Tapeworms: Part 1
they do to us?

Beef Tapeworms: Part 2 Meet the biologist who volunteered to grow a tapeworm in his intestines.

Burps and Farts Find out how air, gas and bacteria make us burp and fart.

Kidneys Discover the lifesaving work of our kidneys.

FactPack: Digestion Learn about the weird and wonderful world of the digestive organs.

FactPack: Teeth Learn some fun facts about a human’s 32 teeth.

FactPack: The Liver Find out about the liver and its ability to regenerate.

Heart and Blood

Blood What blood actually does and why we can’t live without it.

Heart What does the heart look like, and how does it work?

Blood Transfusion: Vietnam What did the Vietnam War teach doctors about blood clotting?

Blood Transfusion: Falklands What did the Falklands War teach doctors about blood clotting?

Healthy Heart Find out why fatty foods harm your heart.

Why Is Blood Red? Some animals have pink or blue blood. Why is ours red?

FactPack: Heart How do human and animal hearts compare?

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 Human Body: Human Body

Lungs

Lungs A journey through the lungs, the vital organs which allow you to breathe.

Big Breathers Find out what happens when marine mammals hold their breath.

Little Breathers Can we train ourselves to hold our breath for longer?

Terrible TB: Part 1 Is the terrible lung disease tuberculosis making a comeback?

Introducing the ethical debate surrounding the treatment of tuberculosis patients in

Terrible TB: Part 2
the US.

The Dark Side of Oxygen How oxygen is vital for life, but corrodes the human body.

Smoking: The Damage Witness the effect smoking has on the lungs.

Factpack: Lungs Discover the amazing inner workings of the lungs.

Muscles and Bones

Bones Find out how bones develop with age.

Cardiac and Smooth Muscles Find out how these involuntary muscles work and why you can’t control them.

Skeletal Muscles Find out how skeletal muscles help you control your body.

Discover how the remains of an ancient olympian athlete reveal his

An Ancient Olympian
training techniques.

Clever Thumbs Could opposable thumbs be the key to our intelligence?

Explore how bones grow and change through puberty, and the impact this
Growing Pains
has on teenagers.

Joints An introduction to the movements different types of joint can make.

What Happens When

What happens between your joints to cause the cracking noise?
I Crack My Knuckles?

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 Human Body: Being Human

Being Human
Brain
It controls our bodies, our thoughts, our dreams – but what do we know about how
Introduction to the Brain
the brain works?

Neurons As Cells Find out how 100 billion cells communicate to form the basis of all our thoughts.

Neurons As Networks How neurons work and how they help us learn.

The Nervous System How the various components of the nervous system interact.

Babies’ brains are a work-in-progress. Find out how they are shaped by the world
Developing Brain: Baby Brain
around them.

Developing Brain: That’s Me! The development of self-awareness: when are we able to recognise ourselves?

Discover the theory behind our unique ability to understand the thoughts and feelings
Developing Brain: Theory of Mind
of others.

Developing Brain: Tantrums Why do toddlers throw temper tantrums? The answer is in the brain.

Developing Brain: Teenage Brain See how the teenage brain rewires for adulthood.

An introduction to the work and legacy of Dr Harvey Cushing, the world’s first brain
The First Brain Surgeon
surgeon.
The Curious Case of
Discover how a freak accident allowed scientists to study the function of the brain.
Phineas Gage

The Lobotomist The history of the ‘ice-pick lobotomy’.

What Is a Memory? How does the brain store memories?

Intuition How does intuition save us from danger?

How We Learn Discover the best way to learn a new skill.

Can We Control Pain? If we expect pain, does this change what we feel?

FactPack: Reflex Arcs What are reflex arcs and how do they work?

FactPack: The Spinal Cord What is the spinal cord and what does it do?

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 Human Body: Being Human

Pregnancy

Fertilisation Find out why the egg and sperm have to race against time to begin a new life.

Pregnancy: First Trimester What happens in the first three months of pregnancy?

Pregnancy: Second Trimester What happens between the third and the sixth month of pregnancy?

Pregnancy: Third Trimester What happens in the last three months of pregnancy?

After nine months of pregnancy, how does the body prepare for and
Birth
endure labour?

Sperm Discover the trials sperm face getting to the egg.

Egg What are human eggs and how are they released?

Placenta What is the placenta and what does it do?

Medical Marvels: IVF What is IVF and how does it work?

Medical Marvels: Ultrasound What is ultrasound and how was it discovered?

War in the Womb Witness the fight for nutrition between a mother and her unborn child.

Why Are We Born So Helpless? Baby elephants can walk at birth – why can’t we?

Contraception:
Learn how the pill has changed through time from invention to modern-day.
History of the Pill

Chemical Contraception Learn how chemical contraception, such as the pill or IUS, works.

Contraception: Barrier Methods Learn how barrier methods, such as condoms and coils, work.

Factpack: Pregnancy Timeline Find out what happens at every stage of pregnancy?

Puberty

Introduction to Puberty Find out how hormones affect teenage bodies and minds.

Puberty in Girls Which hormones are responsible for changing the female body during puberty?

Puberty in Boys Which hormones are responsible for changing the male body during puberty?

Melatonin and Sleep Does an imbalance of melatonin make teenagers moody?

FactPack:
Discover the biology behind spots and boils.
Why Do Teens Get Spots?

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 Human Body: Being Human

Hormones

Introduction to Hormones Find out how hormones affect the body and mind.

Winning and Losing Discover how biology can dictate whether we win or lose.

Fight Or Flight What happens to our bodies when we sense danger?

Melatonin and Sleep Does an imbalance of melatonin make teenagers moody?

Explore how a hormone designed to help us cope with stress could

Cortisol and Chronic Stress
damage our bodies.

FactPack: Why Do Teens Get

Discover the biology behind spots and boils.
Spots?

Senses

How We See Part 1: Eyes A look at the structure of the human eye.

How We See Part 2: Brain A look at how the brain functions to create focused vision.

The Senses An introduction to the five senses and how we use them.

How We Smell An introduction to the structure of the nose and how we use it to smell.

How We Taste An introduction to the structure of the tongue and how we use it to taste.

How We Touch An introduction to how skin helps us feel pressure, pain, heat and cold.

How We Hear An introduction to the structure of the ear and how we use it to hear.

How We Balance: Part 1 An introduction to how our ears help us balance.

How We Balance: Part 2 Find out how the brain, eyes, skin and muscles help us balance.

Looking into the Future Sometimes we can see things before they have happened – is this down to instinct?

Animal Senses Animals share many of our senses, but use them in very different ways – why?

Synaesthesia Why do some people see smells and hear colours?

Test Your Vision Can you pass the vision test?

Why Do I Get Travel Sick? Learn how the brain and the senses detect motion.

What Are Goosebumps? An introduction to the body’s in‑built thermostat system.

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 Human Body: Healthy Living

Healthy Living
Fitness

Insulin and Diabetes What is diabetes and how does it affect the body’s insulin supply?

What Is Fitness? Discover the three methods used to measure our levels of fitness.

Obesity What is obesity and how can you tackle it?

Why Is Fat So Hard to Shift? Why is it easier to put on weight than to lose it?

Nutrition

Balanced Diet Which foods should form part of a healthy diet?

Healthy Beauty How does your diet affect your appearance?

Malnutrition Discover the biggest risk to health worldwide.

Life Cycle Nutrition What key nutrients are required by our bodies at each stage in life?

Vitamin Deficiencies The investigation which revealed the shocking impacts of a vitamin deficient diet.

Substance Misuse

Harmful Drugs Find out why recreational drugs can be very harmful.

Alcohol and the Brain In what ways can alcohol damage the brain, and who is likely to be affected?

Drugs and the Brain How do psychoactive drugs affect brain function?

Harmful Drugs: Cannabis What are the hidden dangers of cannabis?

Harmful Drugs: Cocaine How does cocaine affect the mind and body, and why is it so dangerous?

Harmful Drugs: Heroin Why is heroin considered the most harmful drug of all?

Harmful Drugs: LSD What is LSD, and what does it do to our senses?

Harmful Drugs: Ecstasy How does Ecstasy affect our bodies, and what are the implications?

Alcohol: The Poison Alcohol is toxic to humans. How does this poison affect our bodies?

What's in a Cigarette? Discover the effects of the 4000 chemicals contained in cigarettes.

Science of Addiction Why do some people become addicted to drugs?

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 Human Body: Healthy Living

Health and Disease

Healthy Teeth What causes tooth decay and how can you avoid it?

Germs and Hygiene Germs are all around us – what are the risks and how can we protect ourselves?

Antibiotics How do antibiotics protect us from harmful bacteria?

Sexually Transmitted Infections Discover the dangers and symptoms of sexually transmitted infections.

The story of how two men developed a vaccine that would save thousands of
Eradication of Polio
children’s lives worldwide.

“ Twig’s aimed at the

teenage mind – short,
sharp, high impact –
it keeps them interested
”
- Teacher

© Twig World Ltd 11

 Biology - Natural World

Adaptation
and Evolution

Cells
and DNA

Ecosystems

Plants

© Twig World Ltd

Adaptation and Evolution

Natural World: Adaptation and Evolution

Adaptation

Adaptation Discover how organisms thrive in particular environments due to adaptation.

See how variation allows certain organisms to thrive in different environments, and
Variation
makes each individual unique.

Life in the Freezer Find out why in even the coldest places on the planet there is life.

Life in Hot Deserts Find out why in even the hottest, driest places on the planet there is life.

Predators and Prey The hunters and the hunted – explore the adaptations that help them survive.

A look at the weird and wonderful adaptations species have developed in order
Bizarre Adaptations
to survive.

Sexual Selection How do individuals ensure they attract the attention of the opposite sex?

FactPack: Classification How and why do we group life forms into classifications?

FactPack: Deadliest Animals What is the deadliest animal on Earth?

FactPack: Super Predators Can you guess which predator is being described?

FactPack: Super Prey Discover the surprising ways animals can protect themselves against predators.

Extinction

Extinction How does a species become extinct?

Fossil Evidence How can evidence of evolution be found in stone?

Mass Extinction: Dinosaurs What killed the dinosaurs?

A History of Mass
There have been five mass extinctions on Earth – will humans cause the sixth?
Extinctions

Endangered Species An astounding number of animal species are under threat of extinction.

Big Al The story of one of the most complete dinosaur skeletons ever found.

FactPack: Endangered Species Where in the world are there an estimated 12,000 captive tigers?

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 Natural World: Adaptation and Evolution

Evolutionary Theory

Natural Selection An introduction to the Theory of Evolution.

Explore the processes which drive evolution: mutation, natural selection and genetic
Mechanisms of Evolution
drift.

Chimps: Our Closest Relatives? How similar are humans to chimps?

Evolution: The Evidence Do fossils provide evidence of evolution?

Origin of Species How are new species created?

Darwin's Dilemma The story of Charles Darwin and The Origin of the Species.

Man’s First Ancestors Which species of apeman was the first to walk on two legs, and why?

Discover why two million years ago Africa became a crossroad in the Evolution
Habilis and Boisei
of man.

Homo Ergaster What was one of the most important discoveries in the evolution of man?

Discover the great development in human evolution, which led Homo sapiens to
Homo Sapiens
triumph over Neanderthals.
Discover why studying the fossils of our ancestors is a crucial tool in detecting
Evolution of Man: The Evidence
changes to the human brain.

Early Man and Agriculture Discover why learning how to farm changed the course of human evolution forever.

FactPack: Primitive Species Discover the species that have stopped evolving.

FactPack: Selective Breeding Find out which vegetables have been selectively bred by man.

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Cells and DNA

Natural World: Cells and DNA

The Cell

What Is a Cell? An introduction to the building blocks of life – cells.

Cell Division: Mitosis Where do new cells come from?

Cell Division: Meiosis How are sex cells formed?

What Is Cancer? Find out why cancer causes more deaths worldwide than any other disease.

How do cells protect themselves from the external environment and take the
The Cell Membrane
nutrients they need?
The History
How were microscopes invented?
of the Microscope

The Very First Cell How did life on Earth begin billions of years ago?

Different Types of Cell How many types of cell are there, and what do they do?

FactPack: Enzymes What are enzymes?

DNA

What Is DNA? Find out how DNA makes us unique.

How Does DNA Make Protein? The function of DNA – to carry genetic code that makes proteins.

DNA and Crime Find out how DNA profiling helps solves crimes.

Discovery of DNA Learn how the race to discover the structure of DNA was won.

FactPack: DNA Find out why DNA is the blueprint for life.

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 Natural World: Cells and DNA

Genetics

Inheritance: Part 1 The genes we inherit make us who we are – how does this happen?

Inheritance: Part 2 Discover the difference between dominant and recessive genes.

Dogs and Wolves:

Can wolf cubs be raised to behave like domestic dogs?
Nature Or Nurture?

Breeding and Behaviour Can Russian silver foxes be domesticated?

Mendel and Inheritance Learn how an Austrian monk laid the foundations for modern genetic science.

Discover the cause and symptoms of the degenerative neurological illness

Huntington's: The Disease
Huntington's disease.

Huntington’s: The Dilemma Would you want to know if you were at risk of developing Huntington’s disease?

Cystic Fibrosis How does a single genetic mutation cause the immune disease cystic fibrosis?

FactPack: Hybrid Animals Ever heard of a zorse? Discover the breeds created by man, not nature.

FactPack: Fruit Flies Discover why the fruit fly is used in scientific experiments.

Using Genetics

Genetic Modification Should scientists manipulate the genetic information of cells?

Cloning Discover the process of making identical genetic copies.

Stem Cells What are stem cells and what makes them unique?

Therapeutic Stem Cells An introduction to the science and controversy surrounding stem cell therapy.

The First Human Clone When will we see the first human clone, and should we make one at all?

The Genius Sperm Bank: Part 1 Meet the American millionaire behind the Genius Sperm Bank.

The Genius Sperm Bank: Part 2 Meet the babies created by Robert Graham’s Genius Sperm Bank.

Saviour Siblings Should we create a new life in order to save an existing one?

Dolly the Sheep Controversial birth of the world's first cloned animal.

FactPack: Twins Learn why not all twins are identical.

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 Natural World: Cells and DNA

Immune Defence

Immune Defence: Part 1 What is your immune system and how does it work?

Immune Defence: Part 2 What are antibodies?

HIV/AIDS: Immune Evaders What makes HIV/AIDS such a deadly virus?

Introducing the science behind the eradication of one of the world's most lethal
Smallpox: The First Vaccine
diseases.

Pandemic Viruses How do viruses invade our bodies and spread through communities?

Pandemic Viruses: SARS This contagious disease caused worldwide panic – but what is SARS?

Bee Stings What happens in the human body after a bee sting?

Tumours: The Kill or Cure Virus Can we use a virus as a cure? An extraordinary story of pioneering medical research.

FactPack: Bacteria How can a single cell kill or cure?

FactPack: Viruses Are viruses alive?

“ It’s good watching Twig at

home... you can watch again
and again... and tell your
Mum and Dad and they’re
like ‘How did you know that?’
- Pupil
”
© Twig World Ltd 17
Plants

Natural World: Plants

Energy and Growth

How do plants convert sunlight into usable energy and form the basis of all food
Photosynthesis
chains on Earth?

Plant Transport From roots to leaves, discover the water and mineral transport systems in plants.

Parasitic Plants Discover the plants that steal from other plants in the fight for survival.

Carnivorous Plants The extraordinary meat-eating plants which consume animal prey.

Plants and Medicine Discover how plants can be used to ease pain and treat disease.

Plants and Medicine: Aspirin Discover the long history of the ‘wonder drug’ aspirin.

Tropisms and Hormones Plants grow towards light or water – how?

We know plants need water and sunlight, but what other nutrients are
What Plants Need to Grow
vital for survival?

FactPack: Non-Edible Crops Find out which common plant crops are not destined for your plate.

Plant Structure

Parts of the Plant: Leaves Discover the role leaves play in the life cycle of plants.

Parts of the Plant: Flowers What role do flowers play in plant reproduction?

Defensive Plants Plants cannot run away from predators – so how do they protect themselves?

Discover how some plants have adapted to live in the world’s most
Plants in Extreme Environments
extreme environments.

FactPack: Amazing Plants What are the smallest, biggest and oldest plants in the world?

FactPack: Power of Plants Discover the unlikely sources that provide medical cures.

Plant Life Cycles

Sexual Reproduction in Plants How does pollen travel between flowers?

Asexual Reproduction in Plants Discover the plants that can reproduce by themselves.

Witness the unlikely relationships between plants and animals, and how it helps them
Plant and Animal Mutualism
survive.

Plant Mimics The ingenious plant species that mimic other life forms in order to survive.

Oak Life Cycle Witness 1000 years in the life of an oak tree.

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 Natural World: Ecosystems

Ecosystems
Ecosystems

The Taiga Forest What lives in the largest land ecosystem on Earth?

Redwoods Discover some of the oldest and largest organisms on Earth.

Deciduous Forests Discover the dramatic seasonal changes that occur in this habitat.

Tropical Rainforests From forest floor to canopy, discover one of the world's most diverse ecosystems.

Changing Ecosystems

What Is an Ecosystem? Learn about the interdependence of living and non-living things.

What Is Biodiversity? Find out why biodiversity is vital to life on Earth.

Algae Did you know algae are one of the most important plant species on Earth?

Lichen: Indicator Species Discover why lichens can indicate the good or poor health of ecosystems.

Migration: Reproduction Take the epic journey from the Pacific to Alaska with the Great Salmon Run.

Migration: Predation Take the epic journey from the Antartic to Africa with the Great Sardine Run.

Migration: Seasons Follow the Great Wildebeest Migration across the Serengeti.

Biotic Factors in Ecosystems What happens if you introduce a new species into an ecosystem?

Abiotic Factors in Ecosystems What happens if you alter the non-living factors of an ecosystem?

Conservation Why is conservation important?

Invading Plant Species Discover the potential devastation caused by invading plants.

Invading Animals: The Cane Toad Witness the impact the South American cane toad has on Australian life.

FactPack: Bird Migrations Just how far do some birds fly?

FactPack: Amazing Migrations Why do animals and insects migrate?

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 Natural World: Ecosystems

Land Biomes

Tundra Discover what survives in Earth's coldest biome.

Temperate Grassland Meet the herds that inhabit one of Earth’s most diverse biomes.

Savannah Learn about life in the extreme climates of the Savannah.

Discover how the world's most diverse ecosystems work, from canopy to
Tropical Rainforest
forest floor.

The Taiga Forest Find out what lives in the largest land biome on Earth.

Deciduous Forests Witness how seasonal changes affect the tress and wildlife in this biome.

Deserts Discover why deserts are so dry.

Ocean Biomes

Oceans: Sunlight Zone Discover the abundance of life near the surface of the ocean.

Oceans: Coral Seas Discover the largest living structures on our planet.

Oceans: The Deep Blue What strange creatures live in the dark depths of the ocean?

Oceans: The Abyss How does life exist in the most inhospitable habitat on Earth?

Oceans: The Intertidal Zone Meet the plants and animals which live in the ever-changing intertidal zone.

Oceans: Frozen Seas Meet the creatures living above and below the ice in our planet's polar seas.

Food Chains

What Is a Food Chain? Journey through a food chain, from primary producers to consumers.

The Nitrogen Cycle Learn how nitrogen is recycled between the atmosphere, the ground and living

Fungi Neither plant nor animal discover why fungi are a separate classification of

Oceanic Food Chain Explore the cycle of marine life, from the smallest animal to the biggest.

Bioaccumulation in Food Chains Investigate the effects of industry on the food chain of the peregrine falcon.

Symbiosis: Mutualism Find out how different species of animal depend on each other.

Symbiosis: Parasitism Discover how lice and tapeworms use the human body.

FactPack: Mercury in Food Chains How does mercury fit in the food chain?

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 Chemistry

Atoms and
Bonding

Chemical
Industries

Periodic
Table

© Twig World Ltd

 Atoms and Bonding

Atoms and Bonding

Atoms

What Is an Atom? Everything is made of atoms – but what are atoms made of?

Atom Structure: Electron Shells How does the atomic structure of elements affect their reactivity?

Flame Colours and Fireworks How are different colours of fireworks created?

Flame Colours and Spectroscopy How can looking through a prism help us identify elements?

Northern Lights What causes the Northern Lights?

Heavy Water Why did World War Two allies sabotage the Nazi’s use of heavy water?

Discovery of the Atom Who discovered the structure of the atom?

FactPack: Scale of the Atom How small is an atom?

FactPack: Structure of the Atom How has our understanding of atomic structure changed over time?

Chemical Bonds

Introduction to Chemical Bonding An introduction to how elements combine.

Ionic Bonding Discover how metals and non-metal elements form compounds.

Covalent Bonding Discover how non-metal elements form compounds.

Metallic Bonding Discover how metal elements form compounds.

Carbon: Introduction What are the different forms of carbon and how are they created?

Carbon: Synthetic Diamonds Is it possible to create diamonds in a laboratory?

Carbon: Buckminsterfullerene Introducing a little known natural form of carbon.

Nanotechnology: What Is It? An explanation of a revolutionary technology.

Nanotechnology: Is It Safe? Is there a dark side to nanotechnology?

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning What makes carbon monoxide the ‘silent killer’?

FactPack: Elements,
What makes something a compound, an element or a mixture?
Compounds and Mixtures

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 Atoms and Bonding

States of Matter

Changing States of Matter How does matter change into different states?

Solids, Liquids and Gases Discover the three states in which all matter on Earth exists.

Solutions Discover how the physical process of dissolving happens and why.

Salt: Salt and Ice Discover why salt is used to treat icy roads.

Intermolecular Forces Discover the hidden forces fundamental to the state of matter.

Salt: Separating Mixtures How is salt collected from the oceans and Earth?

Non-Newtonian Liquids Discover the extraordinary liquids which defy explanation.

How Do Snowflakes Form? How do water molecules form these beautiful, delicate structures?

How to Make Fake Snow An introduction to the technology that makes snow indoors.

Water Forces Discover the special forces that allow some animals to walk on water.

How forensic scientists can link a criminal to a crime scene using only broken glass,
Forensics: Tools of CSI
fibres and a footprint.

An introduction to revolutionary technique that can prove innocence,

Forensics: DNA Profiling
or catch a killer.

Discover how preserved bodies can help forensic scientists understand our ancient
Forensics: Bog Bodies
past.

Forensics: Chromatography How can colours help us solve crimes?

FactPack: Forensics How do detectives discover the identity of victims?

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 Chemical Industries

Chemical Industries
Food Basics

Food Basics: Carbohydrates Why are carbohydrates such a good source of energy for our bodies?

Food Basics: Fats Did you know that fats can be good as well as bad?

Food Basics: Proteins Find out why almost most every process in your body involves protein.

Did you know bacteria, yeast and mould are vital in the production of
Fermentation
common foods?
Learn how one man’s extreme diet led to an important discovery about
Omega-3: Healthy Fat?
omega-3 fatty acids.

What Is a Calorie? What are calories, and why do we need them to survive?

How Do Carb-Free Diets Work? Can we survive without carbohydrates?

Ripening Fruit How do supermarkets ripen green bananas?

Salt: Food Preservative Find out why an ancient discovery is still used in food preservation today.

Natural versus Artificial Are all natural chemicals good for us, and all artificial chemicals bad?

Nitrates: Food Preservatives Learn how one chemical can have two very different uses.

FactPack: Energy Drinks Find out about the ingredients and effects of energy drinks.

Oil Products

Fractional Distillation How is crude oil converted into valuable products?

Plastics and Polymers How are different plastics, from shopping bags to dustbins, made?

Esters and Perfumes Discover the science behind pleasant smells.

Recycling Plastics An introduction to the different methods for recycling plastics.

Vegetable Oils as Fuel How can the oil we cook with also be used as fuel to run a car engine?

Leaded and Unleaded Petrol Why was lead banned from petrol?

Invention of Nylon An introduction to the discovery and uses of nylon.

FactPack: Hydrocarbons The difference between alkanes and alkenes.

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 Periodic Table

Periodic Table
Discovering Elements
An introduction to the method of ordering of the elements according to
Introduction to the Periodic Table
their properties.

Atomic Structure Explore the Periodic Table and discover what it tells us about each element.

Find out why the element gallium had been predicted even before it
Mendeleev's Prophecy
was discovered.

Discovery of Phosphorus Witness the unusual experiments which led to the discovery of phosphorus.

The Curse of Phlogiston Discover the theory which hindered Chemistry for centuries.

Phlogiston and Oxygen How the discovery of phlogiston and oxygen changed chemical theory forever.

The Legacy of John Newlands Introducing the scientist who found music in the elements.

We Are All Made of Stars Discover how all the elements on Earth were created.

FactPack: How to Make a Human What elements are needed to make a human?

Metals

Transition Metals What are the unique properties of metals in the transition group?

Alkali Metals Alkali metals have distinct properties – what are they?

Reactivity Series How has man discovered and used reactive metals through history?

Metals in Medicine Discover the metals used to heal the human body.

Alloys How do we use alloys in everyday life?

The Elements: Copper An introduction to copper and its uses.

The Elements: Mercury An introduction to mercury and its unique properties.

The Elements: Potassium An introduction to potassium and its unique properties.

The Elements: Silicon An introduction to silicon and its uses.

The Elements: Iron An introduction to iron and its uses.

The Elements: Lead An introduction to lead and its role throughout human history.

The Elements: Uranium An introduction to uranium and its uses.

The Elements: Plutonium An introduction to plutonium and its unique properties.

The Elements: Radium An introduction to radium and its uses.

© Twig World Ltd 25

 Periodic Table

Non-metals
The Halogens What are the unique properties and uses of the halogen elements?

The Noble Gases Discover the properties and uses of the noble gases.

The Elements: Oxygen An introduction to oxygen and its uses.

The Elements: Phosphorus The unusual experiments which led to the discovery of phosphorus.

The Elements: Hydrogen An introduction to hydrogen and its uses.

Hard and Soft Water Discover the hidden minerals in water that affect its usefulness.

FactPack: Atmospheric Gases What gases make up Earth's atmosphere?

© Twig World Ltd 26

 Reactions

Reactions
Acids and Bases

Acids and Alkalis: Part 1 What are acids and alkalis? Explore the extremes of the pH scale.

Acids and Alkalis: Part 2 Discover the importance and uses of neutralisation reactions.

Crystals in Caves What role does rain water play in creating crystals in caves?

First Synthetic Pigment How were synthetic paints first created?

What are the chemical reactions that produce vibrant leaf colours throughout the
Why Do Leaves Change Colour?
seasons?

FactPack: pH Scale Can you guess the acidity or alkalinity of five solutions?

Energy Changes

Energy Change of Reactions What are exothermic and endothermic reactions, and how do they differ?

Rates of Reaction: Basics How is the speed of a chemical reaction measured and changed?

Collision Theory How do particle collisions affect the rate of chemical reactions?

Electrolysis What is electrolysis, and how does it work?

Redox Reactions Discover how metals are extracted from their natural ores.

Oxidation Reactions Find out how oxidation can be useful as well as harmful.

Did you know the man who famously founded the Nobel Peace Prize also invented
Nobel and Dynamite
dynamite?

Oxygen and Combustion What is combustion and why is it essential to life on Earth?

Extraction of Aluminium Discover the immense power and heat needed to extract aluminium from its ore.

Discover the various chemical reactions at play in the creation of

How Do Fireworks Work?
spectacular fireworks.

The Hindenburg Disaster What caused the famous airship to explode?

© Twig World Ltd 27

 Electricity
and Circuits

Energy and
Radioactivity

Universe

Waves

Forces

Our Solar
System

Physics:
© Twig World Ltd
 Electricity and Circuits

Electricity and Circuits

Circuits

Circuits Why are circuits vital for electrical currents?

Resistance What is resistance, and why is it both useful and a hindrance?

Diodes and Transistors Introducing the simple devices that have revolutionised technology.

Moore's Law Was the rapid advancement in computing power predicted?

Hi-Fi Engineering How do hi-fi speakers convert electrical signals into sound waves?

Revealing the potentially deadly dangers of electricity through the story

Rock Star Shock
of a tragic accident.

Electric Eels How does the eel harness the power of electricity?

FactPack: How to Draw a Circuit Discover the universal symbols used in circuit design.

Electricity

What Is Electricity? We all use electricity every day but what exactly is it?

Discover why power is lost from electricity lines, and how transformers tackle this
AC, DC and Transformers
problem.

Electrical Safety How can you protect yourself against electric shocks?

Static Electricity Discover the hidden dangers of static electricity.

Find out how a battle to supply electricity across the USA led to the invention of the
War of the Currents
electric chair.

Electricity in Medicine Witness how electricity is used to save lives.

Thermal Imaging How can a heat-seeking camera and helicopter help keep your lights on?

FactPack: Global Electricity Supply How do different countries around the world generate their electricity?

Magnets

What Are Magnets? Explore the many uses of magnets.

What Are Electromagnets? Discover how combining electricity with magnetism can create a useful tool.

How Do Generators Work? Explore the simple principle that brought electricity into everyday use.

Maglev Trains Discover the train that defies gravity.

MRI See how a magnetic machine allows doctors to see inside us.

Earth's Wandering Poles What would happen if the North and South Poles switched?

© Twig World Ltd 29

 Energy and Radioactivity

Energy
Forms of Energy What forms does energy take?

Energy Transformation Discover how energy is recycled into different forms.

Potential Energy Discover the three ways in which energy can be stored.

Steam Power How do steam engines use heat to produce motion?

Introducing the energy-converting engine that powers Formula 1 cars around the
The Energy of Formula 1
track.

Perpetual Motion Is there a machine that can power itself forever?

FactPack: Horsepower Find out how one man used horses to measure energy use.

Heat
Heat Transport Discover the three ways heat energy can travel.

Laws of Thermodynamics Discover the fundamental principles of energy use.

Expansion and Contraction Why does heat cause objects to change shape?

Find out how the everyday process of braking uses extraordinary

Red Hot: Emergency Stop
energy conversion.

Hot Air Balloons How is flight made possible with little more than hot air?

Cavitation Witness the tremendous damage that can be caused by tiny air bubbles.

The Race for Absolute Zero:

Discover how scientists reached supercool temperatures in the race to liquefy gases.
Liquefying Gas
The Race for Absolute Zero:
Discover how lasers were used to create the coldest temperature ever recorded.
Laser Cooling

FactPack: Extreme Temperatures What are the hottest and coldest temperatures on Earth?

Radioactivity
Radioactive Substances What makes a material radioactive?

Radioactive Half-Life Will a radioactive material always be radioactive?

Reducing Radiation Risk How can we work safely with radioactive materials?

Nuclear Fusion:
Can nuclear fusion be achieved through two methods?
The Hot and Cold Science

Nuclear Weapons Witness the science behind the most destructive weapons ever created.

Nuclear Fission How can energy be released from within atoms?

FactPack:
What radiation do we live with every day?
Background Radiation

© Twig World Ltd 30

 Forces

Applying Force

Forces of Nature Discover the four fundamental forces of nature which hold our Universe together.

Learn about friction, and how it affects us. Too little and we fall – too much and we
Friction
struggle to move.

Centripetal Force Discover the forces that control turning and rotation.

Streamlined:
Discover how streamlining affects animals' ability to swim.
Dolphins vs People

Aerodynamics in Cycling Discover how cyclists can manipulate forces to help them to win a race.

Friction in Curling Discover the ingenious ways curlers use friction in their sport.

Rollercoasters How do forces combine to create a thrill-packed ride?

Levers, Wheels, Pulleys How do these simple machines work?

Planes, Wedges, Screws How do these simple machines work?

Machines: Building the Pyramids What machines did the Ancient Egyptians use to build the Pyramids of Giza?

Fighter Pilots: G-Force Learn why fighter pilots must undergo special training to cope with acceleration.

FactPack: Experience Friction Play along and experience friction first hand.

FactPack: G-Force How much G-force can a human stand?

Newton’s Law

Newton's Laws of Motion Discover the physical rules which dictate how objects move.

Speed, Velocity, Acceleration What is the difference between speed, velocity and acceleration?

Momentum Discover why some moving objects won't stop.

Terminal Velocity What happens when you accelerate in freefall?

How Do Animals Fly? Discover why some animals are able to fly.

How Do Planes Fly? Discover how planes are engineered to stay in the air.

Body Crash Discover how airbags and seatbelts can save your life.

FactPack: Acceleration Which can accelerate faster: man-made objects or living organisms?

© Twig World Ltd 31

 Forces

Pressure

Gas Laws What happens when gases expand?

Buoyancy Why do objects float or sink?

The Bends Discover the potentially lethal dangers of changing pressure.

Pressure and Surface Area Discover the relationship between pressure and surface area.

FactPack: Pressure and Altitude Discover the effects of extreme changes in pressure with altitude.

“ You get engrossed in the films...

I didn’t really like science before
but when we started using Twig,
I could understand much better
- Pupil ”

© Twig World Ltd 32

 Our Solar System

Solar System

The Birth of Our Solar System What created our Solar System?

Earth's Twin Why did colliding with its twin prepare our planet for life?

The Goldilocks Zone Not too hot and not too cold – why Earth is just right to support life.

How Did Saturn Get Its Rings? Explore the mystery that plagues the brightest brains in astrophysics.

Venus 1: Atmosphere Would probes sent to Venus discover an Earth-like planet?

Venus 2: Surface What did the first probe find on Venus' surface?

What Are Asteroids? An introduction to asteroids.

Mercury An introduction to the smallest planet in our Solar System.

Venus An introduction to the hottest planet in our Solar System.

Earth An introduction to the planet we call home.

Mars An introduction to our closest neighbouring planet.

Jupiter An introduction to the biggest planet in our Solar System.

Saturn An introduction to the Gas Giant, Saturn.

Uranus An introduction to the seventh planet from the Sun.

Neptune An introduction to the eighth planet from the Sun.

What is an Orbit? All planets orbit the Sun, thanks to gravity.

FactPack: Moons Find out about the moons of other planets.

Sun and Stars

The Sun Journey into the Sun and discover why all life on Earth depends upon it.

Day and Night What makes it day or night?

What Are Stars? Find out how stars are born, how they live and how they die.

Why Is the Sky Blue? From blue horizons to red sunsets, what creates the colour of the sky?

What Are Eclipses? What causes solar and lunar eclipses?

Northern Lights and Solar Flares Witness the Sun’s role in creating the beautiful Northern Lights.

Shadow Chasers Meet the party-people who gather to see and study eclipses.

Constellations Learn how we give meaning to the patterns of stars in our sky.

Death of the Sun Explore the future life and death of the Sun.
© Twig World Ltd 33
 Our Solar System

The Moon

The Moon What makes a moon?

The Moon and Its Effect on Life Could the Moon affect reproductive cycles on Earth?

The Moon and Spring Tides The effect of the Moon on daily and extreme tides.

Dark Side of the Moon Journey to the mysterious unseen far side of the Moon.

Life Without the Moon? Why the Moon is vital for life on Earth.

The extraordinary story of the Apollo 11 lunar landing, and how ‘one giant leap’ nearly
Man on the Moon: Part 1
never happened.

Man on the Moon: Part 2 After ‘one giant leap’, how did man return home from the Moon?

Fly Me to the Moon Find out how to launch into outer space.

Moon Measuring How do we measure the distance from the Earth to the Moon?

© Twig World Ltd 34

 Universe

Universe
Big Bang

Big Bang Theory How was our Universe created?

Big Bang Evidence What is the evidence for the Big Bang theory?

Large Hadron Collider Discover the machine which could recreate the Big Bang.

How a scientific ‘mistake’ led to one of the 20th century’s greatest astronomical
Nobel Prize by Chance
discoveries.
Discover how Cold War suspicion lead the USA to discover radiation from deep
Cold War to Gamma Rays
space.

FactPack: Redshift How wavelengths help measure distance in space.

FactPack: Big Bang Scientists A brief history of the Universe through the eyes of the men who discovered it.

Outer Space

Scale of the Universe Discover the size our Universe from Earth to the Solar System and beyond.

Black Holes What are black holes and how are they formed?

Milky Way's Black Hole Is there a supermassive black hole at the centre of our Galaxy?

Telescopes How do telescopes work and how have they developed through history?

Hubble Space Telescope Why did the eight year project to build the Hubble Telescope nearly fail?

The amazing techniques used to make some of the world's largest

How Are Mirrors Made?
mirrors for telescopes.

Why scientists are venturing underground in the hunt for particles that bind our
The Search for Dark Matter
Universe together.

What Is a Light Year? Why do we measure distance in terms of time?

Kittinger: First Man in Space? The story of one man’s quest to reach space in his hot air balloon.

Satellites
The story of Shoemaker‑Levy 9 – one of the most important comets in modern
Shoemaker-Levy
astronomy.

The Satellite Story What is a satellite?

Find out how Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites tell us where we are on
What Is GPS?
Earth.

What Are Comets? An introduction to the comets orbiting our Sun.

© Twig World Ltd 35

 Universe

Life in the Universe

Mars: Dead Planet Discover the size our Universe from Earth to the Solar System and beyond.

Mars: The Search for Water Is there water on Mars?

Planet Hunters Meet the Planet Hunters.

Mars: Under the Ice Discover why studies of Antarctica suggest there could be life on the red planet.

As the Sun dies and gets hotter, will we need to move and bring life to the red
Next Stop Mars
planet?

Place Like Home: Life On a Moon Could this moon hold the key to life on Earth?

Colonising the Moon? Could we colonise the Moon, and who would get there first?

SETI: Are We Alone? Has the SETI project detected extraterrestrial life?

Place Like Home: Cassini Introducing the mission to reach Saturn's moon.

Planet Kevin The story of Kevin, a student who managed to discover his own planet.

Life in Space Can life survive in the vacuum of space?

Place Like Home: Inside a Probe Learn how scientists overcame the difficulties of landing a probe on Saturn's moon.

© Twig World Ltd 36

 Waves

Waves
EM Spectrum
The Electromagnetic Spectrum? Electromagnetic radiation is all around us, but what is it?

What Makes Up the What are the different types of radiation that make up the
Electromagnetic Spectrum? electromagnetic spectrum?

Waves in Medicine Why the highest energy radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum can be very useful.

Infrared: Snake Hunt Discover the extraordinary adaptation which allows snakes to hunt in near darkness.

How Do Mobile Phones Work? Why are microwaves perfect for communication using small mobile phones?

Submarine Communication How and why are radio waves used in underwater communication?

FactPack: Animal Vision How do animals view the world differently?

Sound
What Is Sound? How and why do we hear different noises?

Speed of Sound What factors determine how fast sounds travel?

Resonance How does sound change as it passes through different mediums?

Doppler Shift Discover how sound changes when objects move.

Beyond Human Hearing Discover the sounds we can’t hear and why they can be useful.

Shockwaves Witness the destructive effects of supersonic speed.

Musical Instruments What distinguishes music from noise?

Echolocation: Dolphins How do dolphins use sound to navigate?

FactPack: Decibel Range How loud is too loud?

Visible Light
Discover how light allows us to see the world and provides vital energy needed for life
What Is Light?
on Earth.

Colour Red, green, yellow, blue – what makes colours different from each other?

Manipulating Light What happens when light hits an object, or moves through different mediums?

How Do Lasers Work? How can light be powerful enough to cut through metal?

Fibre Optics How can light be harnessed to transport information?

We can move freely through space, but is it possible that we could do the same
Time Travel
through time?

FactPack: Colour Mixing Revealing the different ways colour can be made.
© Twig World Ltd 37
 Earth’s
Resources

Human
Impacts

Geology

Weather

Earth Science:

© Twig World Ltd

 Earth’s Resources

Earth’s Resources
Non-renewable Energy

Fossil Fuels: Formation How the fossil fuels we use today were formed over millions of years.

Fossil Fuels: Use Why and when finite fossil fuels will be used up.

The Carbon Cycle Learn how the constant biochemical exchange of carbon is vital to life on Earth.

Oil Shocks What causes dramatic shifts in oil prices?

Electricity: Supply and Demand Discover the difficult balancing act to meet energy needs.

Electricity: The Costs Low electricity prices encourage higher consumption – but what is the true cost?

Frontier Oil Exploration How far will we go to find oil?

Renewable Energy

Solar Power Can we capture the Sun's energy?

Wind Power Why don’t we use wind power more?

Biofuels Are biofuels a green alternative to petrol and diesel?

Palm Oil: Biofuel of the Future? Discover the positive and negative impacts of palm oil biodiesel.

Geothermal Power How can we harness the heat produced deep within our planet?

The Wind Power Debate An introduction to the pros and cons of wind farms.

Future of Energy Resources

Is this powerful energy resource worth the risks and controversy that
Nuclear Power
come with it?

Making a Star On Earth Is large-scale nuclear fusion possible?

Eco-Transport What will the future car run on – electricity, biofuel or hydrogen?

Chernobyl Disaster Discover what happened in the world's worst nuclear power plant disaster.

Nuclear Waste Find out why we can't just throw nuclear waste in the bin.

© Twig World Ltd 39

 Earth’s Resources

Water as a Resource

Hydropower Find out how to capture the power of water.

Water As a Resource Examine the causes and effects of water shortages.

Building the Hoover Dam Discover how and why the Hoover Dam was built.

Bottled Water: The True Cost Explore the monetary and environmental costs of bottling water.

Marine Renewables How can we harness the power of the sea?

“ ...there is so much information out

there. I don’t have time... collating
bits of information... With Twig films,
it’s exactly what I need. I know I
won’t have to edit it. It’s there. I use
it. Simple. Done.
” - Teacher

© Twig World Ltd 40

 Geology

Earth’s Structure
Structure of the Earth See the hidden layers deep beneath the Earth's crust.

Fold Mountains: Formation How did mountain ranges like the Alps and the Himalayas form?

Fold Mountains: Uses What can humans use the steep, rocky terrain of fold mountains for?

How Did the -

How was the Grand Canyon formed, and what does it tell us about the past?
Grand Canyon Form?

How Hot Is Earth's Core? We can't go to the Earth's core – so how do we know how hot it is?

How Did the How did early land masses change and converge to form the continents we know
Continents Form? today?

Land Formations An introduction to the geological forces which sculpt our landscape.

FactPack: Mountains How tall are the tallest mountains?

Earthquakes
What Is an Earthquake? What causes earthquakes?

Plate Tectonics How the Earth’s moving plates cause earthquakes, volcanoes and tidal waves.

Tsunami Discover the most destructive type of wave on the planet.

Living on the Edge How can cities be protected from the effects of earthquakes?

Predicting Earthquakes Can we predict earthquakes?

Earthquakes: LEDC Response As an LEDC, how did Haiti respond to the devastating 2010 earthquake?

As an MEDC, how did Japan respond to the devastating 2011 earthquake

Earthquakes: MEDC Response
and tsunami?

Santorini: Looking for Atlantis Could the story of Atlantis be more than just a myth?

© Twig World Ltd 41

 Geology

Volcanoes
What is a Volcano? What is a volcano and what role does lava play in its construction?

Predicting Volcanic Eruptions? Can we tell when a volcano is about to erupt?

Yellowstone: Supervolcano What secret is hidden in Yellowstone National Park?

Danger: Volcanic Ash A first hand account of the dangers of flying through a volcanic ash cloud.

A dramatic re-enactment of the fateful hours after the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius
The Last Day of Pompeii
in 1st century AD.

Kilauea: The Island Maker Discover the world’s most active volcano.

As an LEDC, how did the Democratic Republic of the Congo respond to the 2002
Volcanoes: LEDC Response
eruption of Mt. Nyiragongo?
As an MEDC, how did the United States of America respond to the 1980 eruption of
Volcanoes: MEDC Response
Mount St Helens?

FactPack: Extreme Eruptions Extreme volcanoes from around the world that could pose a danger to humans.

Earth’s Rocks

Rock Cycles Nothing stands still on Earth, not even rocks.

Rock Types How are different rocks formed?

Earthly Treasures: Gold Why is gold revered as a precious metal?

Earthly Treasures: Diamonds What makes diamonds so valuable?

Earthly Treasures:
How are emeralds, rubies and sapphires formed?
Precious Gemstones

Limestone is one of the most commonly found rocks on Earth and it has many
Limestone: Features
unique features.

Limestone: Uses Formed over millions of years, limestone has many forms and uses.

Quarrying: Impacts Quarries are vital for extracting rock, but what are their impacts on the environment?

Quarrying: Managing Damage How do we manage the negative impacts of quarrying?

River Erosion

Weathering Rocks are tough – find out why nature is tougher.

Waterfalls and gorges are some of Earth's most impressive natural features,
Waterfalls and Gorges
but how are they formed?
Meanders and oxbow lakes are commonly found in the middle course of a river. What
Meanders and Oxbow Lakes
are these features and how are they linked?

Depositional Features Explore the unique features created by flooding at the end of a river’s course.

© Twig World Ltd 42

 Geology

Coastal Erosion

Weathering Rocks are tough – find out why nature is tougher.

Coastal Processes: Waves How do waves shape our coastline?

Coastal Landforms An introduction to unusual coastal land formations and how they are created.

Coastal Processes Find out how these geological processes shape our coastline.

Explore the different ways in which these solutions to the problems of coastal erosion
Coasts: Hard Engineering
work – and the positive and negative effects.
Explore the different ways in which these solutions to the problems of coastal erosion
Coasts: Soft Engineering
work and how they compliment natural processes.

How Do Caves Form? What processes create caves?

How Are Rivers Formed? Follow the formation of a river, from source to sea.

Glacial Erosion

Weathering Rocks are tough – find out why nature is tougher.

Glaciers How glaciers shape the world.

Scablands: Carved By Water Discover how a glacial flood created 40,000 km of North America.

Yosemite’s Valleys Journey to a landscape transformed by the power of ice.

© Twig World Ltd 43

 Human Impacts

Changing Atmosphere
What caused the hole in the ozone layer, and how have we successfully
The Ozone Layer
reduced it?

The Greenhouse Effect Is the greenhouse effect now threatening our planet’s future?

Global Warming What is global warming and how can we stop it?

Beetles Discover how beetles have revealed climate change throughout history.

Climate Cycles What can glacial ice cores tell us about global climate cycles?

State of the Greenland Ice Sheet Is the Greenland Ice Sheet growing or shrinking?

The Big Chill Why is the most important oceanic current in the world under threat?

Climate Models Can we predict the future of Earth's climate?

The Great Global Warming

Is the world getting warmer?
Debate: Part 1
The Great Global Warming
Is global warming unprecedented or could it be a natural phenomenon?
Debate: Part 2
Discover the climate change paradox – why less sunlight is reaching
Global Dimming
Earth’s surface.

Inventions to Save the Planet The futuristic technology that could manipulate Earth’s climate.

Clathrate Gun Hypothesis Discover the greenhouse gas which could cause climate catastrophe.

Pollution

Pollution: Water Explore the causes and effects of water pollution.

Pollution: Land Explore the causes and effects of land pollution.

Pollution: Air Explore the causes and effects of air pollution.

Oil Spills What is an oil spill and how can it be dealt with?

The Oilmen and the Animals Does nature have to suffer in our search for resources?

Deforestation Find out why destroying the rainforest could endanger the future of our planet.

Ecosystem Management: Deserts Explore the different uses desert ecosystems are put to in MEDCs and LEDCs.

Ecosystem Management:
Find out why the most important ecosystem on our planet needs our help.
Tropical Rainforests
Ecosystem Management: Find out how conservation helps to keep these important ancient ecosystems
Deciduous Forests thriving.

FactPack: Light Pollution Learn about the environmental effects of keeping the lights on.

© Twig World Ltd 44

 Human Impacts

Humans and the Carbon Cycle

Get a domestic perspective on pollution. How big is the average family’s
The Carbon Family
carbon footprint?

Carbon Capture:
Discover how mysterious micro-organisms in the oceans could save our planet.
Phytoplankton

Carbon Trading Will government caps help industrial polluters to reduce their carbon footprint?

Carbon Capture:
Investigate the artificial trees of the future.
Artificial Trees
How the average family can help save our planet – a domestic perspective
The Future Carbon Family
on ‘greenliving’.

“ The best thing is that there

are no old professors talking

”
for 5 minutes!
- Pupil

© Twig World Ltd 45

 Weather

Weather
Water

Types of Weather: Rain How do water molecules form rain?

Discover the cycle that began billions of years ago through which all Earth’s
The Water Cycle
water travels.

Cloud Seeding How are scientists around the world making rain?

What Is a Rainbow? Investigate the light-splitting process that forms a natural wonder.

Avalanches What causes these giant snow slides?

Galtür: The Perfect Storm What caused the devastating avalanche that hit the village of Galtür in Austria?

How the Oceans Formed Where did Earth's water come from?

How Deserts Are Formed Why are deserts so dry?

Thunder and Lightning What happens inside storm clouds to create thunder and lightning?

FactPack: Weird Weather Find out about some weird and wonderful weather phenomena.

Wind

Types of Weather: Wind What is the wind and where does it come from?

Hurricanes Hurricanes are destructive and powerful, but where do they come from?

Storm Surges Discover why, during a hurricane, the ocean can be the biggest threat.

What Is a Tornado? What do scientists know about these mysterious storms?

Flood defences were designed to protect the city – so why was New Orleans
Hurricane Katrina: Part 1
devastated by Hurricane Katrina?

Hurricane Katrina: Part 2 Discover what caused the devastating floods in New Orleans.

FactPack: Beaufort Scale How powerful is the wind?

© Twig World Ltd 46

 Weather

Weather Systems

Weather Systems What causes weather and how can we predict it?

Types of Weather: Introduction Learn how the movement of air is at the heart of all weather.

Coriolis Effect How does Earth's rotation influence our weather systems?

Climate Zones Why does Earth’s climate vary across the globe?

High and Medium-Level Clouds Can you tell the difference between the different types of cloud?

Discover where changes in wind direction produce the biggest rain storms
Monsoon Zone
on the planet.
The story of five days of unusually hot weather which brought disaster to
Killer Heat Wave
the city of Chicago.

Low-Level Clouds How do different cloud types affect our weather?

Climate Influences What causes the world’s varied climate zones?

FactPack: Superstorms How many times a day does lightning strike the Earth?

World Climate

Ocean Conveyor Discover how a super-current controls global weather.

Natural Climate Change What do ice-cores tell us about Earth's climate history?

Discover the natural phenomenon that produces some of the world's most
El Niño
chaotic weather.

Secret of the Sahara Could the world's largest hot desert hide a secret past beneath the sands?

© Twig World Ltd 47

 Orientation
and
Settlements

A Changing
World

Human Geography:

© Twig World Ltd

 Orientation and Settlements

Orientation and Settlements

Mapping Earth

Ways of Looking At the World Discover the many different ways we can survey our planet.

Learn how modern technology has transformed the way these world-famous maps
Ordnance Survey Maps
are created.

The Longitude Problem Discover how one man revolutionised maritime navigation with a watch.

Time Zones What time is it? Well, that depends where on Earth you are!

How do we map the sea? And why is it so important that we know what lies beneath
Mapping the Sea
the ocean's surface?

Where We Live

Population: Physical Factors How does the physical environment determine where settlements are built?

Populating the World: Migration Learn about the human factors which determine migration patterns.

Urban Settlements What are the common characteristics of urban settlements across the world?

Brazil: Ethnic Diversity How has Brazll become one of the most racially diverse countries in the world?

Extreme Living: The Frozen North How do people survive in extremely cold environments?

Find out how NASA technology revealed a life-changing secret beneath the Sahara's
Extreme Living: The Sahara
sand dunes.

Extreme Living: Nomads Discover what life is like for one of the few remaining nomadic tribes on the planet.

Settlements and Apartheid Discover how racial segregation policies changed the face of Johannesburg.

Tuvalu: The Threat of Rising Seas Discover why the tiny island nation of Tuvalu might soon disappear forever.

Town vs Country

Settlement Resources Which infrastructures are vital to creating sustainable settlements?

Urban Land Use Models Learn about models which explain the layout of urban settlements.

Rural Settlements Discover how rural settlements are changing in the face of Urbanisation.

Where the city meets the country is called the Rural-urban fringe. What are
Rural-Urban Fringe
the distinctive characteristics of this area?

Rural Deprivation Why are many rural areas around the world in decline?

Discover the urban planning laws that maintain London's historic skyline
Protecting St Paul's
whilst allowing modern developments.

Brownfield Sites What are Brownfield sites, and do they provide an answer to housing shortages?

© Twig World Ltd 49

 Orientation and Settlements

Travel and Migration

Census: Counting People Why do we need to know how many people live in a country?

The life of a tourist resort passes through six distinct stages which are shown
Butler’s Tourism Model
in Butler’s Tourism Model.

China’s Mass Migration Find out why rural farmers in China are heading for the bright lights of Shanghai.

Illegal Immigration: Crossing

The dangers faced by illegal immigrants seeking a way into Europe.
the Sahara

Hawaii: Impacts of Tourism The positive and negative impacts of global tourism on the people of Hawaii.

Namibia: Ecotourism Can global tourism and local interests coexist successfully?

Can the beautiful environment of Thailand withstand the pressure of

Mass Tourism: Case Study
mass tourism?

© Twig World Ltd 50

 A Changing World

A Changing World
Globalisation
What Is Globalisation? How has technology changed the world we live in, and the rate of development?

Explore the impact of improving communications networks on towns and cities

A Global Village
around the world.

Transport Networks Why are transport networks so vital in global trade?

What is life like on a sugar cane plantation, and how is increased mechanisation
Brazil: Life on a Plantation
affecting Brazil’s sugar cane cutters?

Traffic Congestion Discover the causes and impacts of traffic congestion.

Find out about the new agricultural methods being pioneered in Brazil to
Brazil: Agricultural Revolution
produce more, using less.

Changing Lives
Overpopulation How many people are too many? Discover the population capacity of our planet.

Could Climate Change Your Life? What effects could climate change have on populations around the world?

Feeding the Planet How will we cope with a global food shortage?

Brazil: Life in a Favela What is life like in one of Brazil's biggest slums?

Discover the voluntary and compulsory measures used to tackle India's growing
India: Curbing Population Growth
population.
Japan: Encouraging What are the problems of an aging population? And what can be done to
Population Growth tackle it?

Manila: Megacity What is life like in one of the most densely populated cities in the world?

Unequal World
Global Inequalities Discover why where you live can affect every aspect of your life.

LEDCs What determines whether a country is Less Economically Developed?

MEDCs What are the defining characteristics of a More Economically Developed Country?

LEDCs: Barriers to What are the factors preventing countries from becoming more economically
Development developed?
International Trade: An Unequal
Discover the balance of power between countries when they trade.
Relationship?

Demographic Transition Model How do population dynamics change as countries become more developed?

Brazil:The Wealth Divide Discover the different lives of the rich and poor in Brazil.

Fair Trade How does Fair Trade improve the lives of farmers around the world?

Sapphires: A Fair Trade? Discover the dangers of Madagascan sapphire mines, and who stands to profit.

Aid is an important factor in helping countries recover from disasters. But what
Different Types of Aid
is aid?
Aid comes in many different forms. What are the advantages and disadvantages of
The Issues With Aid
each type?

© Twig World Ltd 51

 A Changing World

Humans and the Carbon Cycle

Get a domestic perspective on pollution. How big is the average family’s carbon
The Carbon Family
footprint?

Carbon Capture: Phytoplankton Discover how mysterious micro-organisms in the oceans could save our planet.

Carbon Trading Will government caps help industrial polluters to reduce their carbon footprint?

Carbon Capture: Artificial Trees Investigate the artificial trees of the future.

How the average family can help save our planet – a domestic perspective
The Future Carbon Family
on ‘greenliving’.

“ Twig makes it easy to

understand relatively

”
complex ideas
- Pupil

© Twig World Ltd 52

 History of
Maths
Statistics and
Probability

Accuracy
and Proof

Shape

Space

Number

Algebra
Measurement

Maths:

© Twig World Ltd

 Shape

Shape
3D Shapes
Discover the properties of the Platonic Solids, and why they are considered
Polyhedra: Platonic Solids
special.
Revealing the size of the giant cylinders that fuelled the most powerful machine
Cylinders: Fuelling Saturn V
ever.

The Power of the Sun How to calculate the power of the Sun, without leaving Earth.

The Pacific Flyer How big did this hot-air balloon have to be to break the world record?

Why Are Eggs Egg-Shaped? Discover why a fragile egg is the ideal shape to protect the life within.

Cubist Art How artists used geometry to depict the world.

Circles
Find out why Churchill’s Navy relied on geometry to protect supplies during
Beating the U-Boats
World War II.

Designing Chartres Explore circle theorems through the geometric design of Chartres Cathedral.

Pi: Reciting Pi How many digits of Pi can one man memorise?

Calculating Pi: Archimedes How was Pi first accurately calculated?

Similarity and Transformations

Transformations: Skateboarding See how a skateboard transforms as a skater performs tricks.

The Mirror Lines of the Taj Mahal Discover how the beauty of the Taj Mahal is created using reflection.

Tessellated Designs The beautiful patterns that can be created using shapes which fit together exactly.

Bees and Their Hives Why are beehives made up of hexagons?

Fractals: The Koch Snowflake Discover the rules that create an infinitely reducing pattern.

Fractals: The Menger Sponge Introducing the shape that gets bigger the more you take away.

Find out how the ancient Greeks ensured a tunnel's ends would meet inside a
The Tunnel of Samos
mountain.

Triangles

Proving Pythagoras What is Pythagoras's Theorem, how can it be proved, and why is it useful?

Discover how Egyptian builders used triangles to create perfectly symmetrical

Building the Pyramids
pyramids.

Stengthening the Bank of China Find out why the world's tallest building was constructed from triangles.

Where is the Centre of a Triangle? Discover the many centres of a triangle.

© Twig World Ltd 54

 Shape

Topology

Topology Can you make a different shape wihtout tearing, cutting or gluing?

The Seven Bridges of Konigsberg Try this ancient puzzle that tested some of the brightest mathematical minds.

Networks: Labyrinths and Mazes Learn how to create – and find your way out of – these ancient networks.

Degrees of Separation: Erdös What's your Erdös number?

Trigonometry

Distance to the Sun and Moon Find out how astronomers calculated these distances using the sine function.

Discover how maths enabled the first calculation of the Earth's circumference in
Measuring the Earth
Ancient times.
Explore how our understanding of the space we live in has advanced since Euclid's
Hyperbolic Geometry
time.
Hear the sound created by sine wave equations, and how their variables
What Do Sine Waves Sound Like?
affect this.

© Twig World Ltd 55

 Space

Space
Coordinates
Learn how coordinates describe a point in space in one, two, three, or even four
Cartesian Coordinates
dimensions!

Vectors: Air Traffic Control What are vectors and how do they make air travel safe?

Coordinate Geometry: Descartes Discover how Descartes developed the (x,y) coordinates so familiar today.

Lines and Curves

Straight Lines: Bee Lines Why do bees fly in straight lines?

Gradients: Fold Mountains How small hills under the ocean 'grow' to become the highest peaks on Earth.

Spirals in Nature What are the different types of spiral, and where are they found in nature?

Arches Exploring the shape that gets stronger as more force is applied.

Geometry: Euclid What were the simple rules Euclid set out that form the basis of Geometry?

Discover how Newton's study of movement led to a revolutionary new branch

Calculus: Newton
of mathematics.

Scale and Perspective

Painting By Numbers Find out how artists began to turn flat drawings into three-dimensional worlds.

Find out why closing each eye seems to cause objects to move – and how this can
Perspective: Parallax
help measure extreme distances.

Escher and the Endless Staircase See how Penrose and Escher played with perspective to create impossible shapes.

Perspective: Dazzle Camouflage See how some warships 'hid' behind bright geometric designs.

Modelling the Spitfire See how length, area and volume scale factors affect the size of model planes.

Queen Hatshepsut's Ship Can a team of archaeologists use scale to recreate this ancient ship?

© Twig World Ltd 56

 Measurement

Ratio and Proportion

Introducing the beginnings of the Golden Ratio, and how it has endured throughout
The History of the Golden Ratio
time.

Maths and the Mona Lisa Discover how Da Vinci used this ancient ratio to enhance his famous portrait.

The Beauty Formula Can mathematics explain what we find beautiful?

Proportion: The Vitruvian Man Learn how Da Vinci used geometry to create the 'perfect' human.

Ratios: The Maths of Baking Learn how to bake a cake as big as you like!

Ratios: Currency Exchange Learn how to convert currencies – and make a profit!

Discover the maths that helped send a spacecraft deeper into space than ever
Aiming for the Outer Planets
before.

Scale and Perspective

Queen Hatshepsut's Ship Can a team of archaeologists use scale to recreate this ancient ship?

Modelling the Spitfire See how length, area and volume scale factors affect the size of model planes.

Painting By Numbers Find out how artists began to turn flat drawings into three-dimensional worlds.

Find out why closing each eye seems to cause an object to move – and how this can
Perspective: Parallax
help measure extreme distances.

Escher and the Endless Staircase See how Penrose and Escher played with perspective to create impossible shapes.

Perspective: Dazzle Camouflage See how some warships 'hid' behind bright geometric designs.

Accuracy and Estimation

Who decided how long a metre is, and how did it become the standard metric
How Long is a Metre?
measure?

Jai Singh Why did the Maharaja build the biggest observatories in the world?

Volume: Counting Stars Revealing how astronomers count the number of stars in the sky.

Speed of the Earth Calculate how fast Earth is speeding through space.

Discover why rounding numbers is both useful and necessary, by looking at

Rounding: Snails vs Rockets
two extreme cases.
1.8 million people watched Obama’s inauguration speech – but who
Counting Crowds
counted them?

Proof
Discover the surprising applications of the paper-folding
How Origami Changed the World
art of Origami.
Witness how the Ancient Greeks managed to prove mathematical reasoning beyond
The Greeks and Proof
doubt.

Proofs: Million-Dollar Maths Learn how proving a famous hypothesis could net you $1,000,000.

© Twig World Ltd 57

 Number

Number
Decimals and Fractions

Why Do We Count in Tens? Number systems can be based on any number – why is ten so popular?

Decimals: Decimal Day Discover what happened when the United Kingdom changed to a decimal currency.

Decimal Places: Photofinish Why decimal places are needed for the world's fastest sprint.

Fractions: Slow Motion How videos use fractions to slow or speed up moving images.

The Egyptians and Unit Fractions The legend that led the Egyptians to use a complex system of fractions.

Fractions: Pythagorean Tuning Discover how music is created using fractions.

Discover the banking system that means your bank can lend out the money
Fractional Reserve Banking
you deposit.

Percentages
Percentages: Feeding the
See how this tiny bird plays the percentage game to survive the winter.
Nutcracker
Could You Owe More Than Discover the staggering amount of money you could owe if you fail to pay off
America? a high-interest loan.

Percentages: Tax Breaks How progressive tax systems can help make tax payment fairer.

Hyperinflation: 1920s Germany Find out what happens when interest rates spiral out of control.

Integers and Natural Numbers

Numbers: The Discovery of Zero The number zero has not always existed. Why was it 'invented'?

The Sardine Run Watch as predators from positive and negative altitudes threaten a sardine shoal.

Numbers: Animal Maths Can animals really count?

Numbers: Life Without Numbers Meet the Aboriginal tribe who manage with only numbers 1, 2 and 3.

The Babylonians and Plimpton 322 See the surprisingly familiar numbers that appear on this ancient tablet.

The Egyptians and Multiplication Find out how the Egyptians tackled multiplication, using powers of two.

The Romans and Numerals Discover why the Romans were such terrible mathematicians!

Find out why one of the most positive contributions of Indian mathematicians was, in
India and Negative Numbers
fact, negative!

© Twig World Ltd 58

 Number

Powers
Re-telling the legend of a simple request for a few grains of rice that threatened
The Emperor’s Chess Board
to bankrupt an Emperor.
How Much Does the Internet How to calculate the weight of all the information contained on the world
Weigh? wide web.
Discover how to read the Richter Scale, which reveals the true magnitude of
The Richter Scale
earthquakes.

The Biggest Number Ever Meet the 'inventor' of the biggest number ever used.

Discover the mathematical law that means ants are the strongest creatures in
The Incredible Strength of Ants
the world.

Ratio and Proportion

Ratios: The Maths of Baking Learn how to bake a cake as big as you like!

Ratios: Currency Exchange Learn how to convert currencies and make a profit!

Discover the banking system that means your bank can lend out the money
Fractional Reserve Banking
you deposit.
Discover the maths that helped send a spacecraft deeper into space than
Aiming for the Outer Planets
ever before.
Introducing the beginnings of the Golden Ratio, and how it has endured throughout
The History of the Golden Ratio
time.

Maths and the Mona Lisa Discover how Da Vinci used this ancient ratio to enhance his famous portrait.

The Beauty Formula Can mathematics explain what we find beautiful?

Proportion: The Vitruvian Man Learn how Da Vinci used geometry to create the 'perfect' human.

Special Numbers

Irrational Numbers: Pythagoras Find out why the discovery of irrational numbers is said to have led to murder.

Primed for Survival Witness the mating behaviour that suggests insects use prime numbers.

The Prime Number Code Discover why prime numbers hold the key to encryption.

A Pattern in Primes Are prime numbers random, or is there a hidden pattern?

Imaginary Numbers What caused mathematicians to dream up imaginary numbers?

Sets: Infinity Revealing two different types of infinity.

© Twig World Ltd 59

 Number

Number Patterns

The Most Populous Country When will India's population exceed China's?

The Fibonnaci Sequence Discover Fibonacci's sequence, which occurs throughout nature.

Enigma: Cracking the Code Find out why the Nazi's message encoding mechanism proved so difficult to crack.

Chinese Development of Maths A summary of the independent development of Chinese mathematics.

The patterns that allowed a seven-year-old mathematician to perform amazing

Number Theory: Gauss
calculations.

Binary

Binary: What Is Binary? The number system that lets you to count to over a thousand using just ten fingers.

Binary: The Computer Language Why is binary the computer-programmer's code of choice?

Discover why Scientists use binary code to try to communicate with extra-terrestrial
Binary: The Alien Language
life.

“ I also like that there is a movie

about almost everything
” - Pupil

© Twig World Ltd 60

 Algebra

Algebra
Algebraic Modelling

How Algorithms Change the World Find out how mathematical functions influence human behaviour.

Variables: Dating By Numbers Could an algebraic formula get you a date?

Tank Wars The amazing prediction made using algebra that helped to win World War II.

Learn how Alan Turing developed the simple mathematical foundation of computing
Algorithms: Turing
science.
Explore the likelihood of you sharing your birthday with someone in the
The Birthday Paradox
same room.

Coordinates

Coordinate Geometry: Descartes Discover how Descartes developed the (x,y) coordinates so familiar today.

Vectors: Air Traffic Control What are vectors and how do they make air travel safe?

Learn how coordinates describe a point in space in one, two, three, or even four
Cartesian Coordinates
dimensions!

Equations

The Heartbeat Formula Discover the formula that can predict how long a wild mammal will live.

A demonstration of the complex scoring system used to

Heptathlon
place heptathletes.

The Chase Can you calculate how long the zebra has to escape the pursuing lion?

The Arabic Science of Balancing Discover the fundamental principle of algebra.

European Mathematical Symbols Find out when and why mathematical symbols were invented.

Find out why a mathematician’s scribbles became one of the world’s most difficult
Diophantine Equations: Fermat
maths problems.

Sets

Set Theory: Cantor Find out how Cantor's work on set theory shaped his life.

Venn Diagrams: Global Habitats Learn how to compare the relationships between rainforest and desert environments.

Sets: Infinity Discover why there are two different types of infinity.

© Twig World Ltd 61

 Accuracy and Proof

Accuracy and Proof

Accuracy and Estimation

Jai Singh Why did the Maharaja build the biggest observatories in the world?

Discover why rounding numbers is both useful and necessary, by looking at

Rounding: Snails vs Rockets
two extreme cases.

Counting Crowds 1.8 million people watched Obama’s inauguration speech – but who counted them?

Volume: Counting Stars Revealing how astronomers count the number of stars in the sky.

Speed of the Earth Calculate how fast Earth is speeding through space.

Who decided how long a metre is, and how did it become the standard
How Long is a Metre?
metric measure?

Proof
Witness how the Ancient Greeks managed to prove mathematical reasoning beyond
The Greeks and Proof
doubt.

Proofs: Million-Dollar Maths Learn how proving a famous hypothesis could net you $1,000,000.

How Origami Changed the World Discover the surprising applications of the paper-folding art of Origami.

© Twig World Ltd 62

 Statistics and Probability

Statistics and Probability

Probability Modelling
Find out the mathematical reason that gambling on horse racing is unlikely
The Odds Are Against You
to pay off.

The Card Counter Learn how one mathematician came up with a formula for winning at Blackjack.

The Monty Hall Problem In this famous game-show, should the contestant choose to switch?

Logic: Bayesian Robots Discover how robots use logic to learn.

Why Do Shares Change Price? Discover the economic and social factors that determine share value.

The story of three mathematicians who tried to eliminate risk from stock
Beating the Stock Market
market trading.

The Prisoner’s Dilemma Would you choose to inform on your partner in crime?

Introducing the surprising discovery of a pattern in data, across both the man-made
Benford's Very Strange Law
and natural worlds.

Extreme Events

Probability: Irrational Fears Discover why often the most common fears are the least rational.

Discover why it is possible for monkeys to write Shakespeare – and how it can
Can Monkeys Write Shakespeare?
become a certainty.
Why were sailors reporting giant freak waves, when statistical models showed them
Freak Waves
to be unlkely?
Discover why it is so difficult to predict the behaviour of complex systems,
Chaos By Mistake
like the weather.

Insuring the Titanic How did underwriters calculate insurance premiums for the Titanic and her cargo?

Sampling

Can You Trust Your IQ? Is it possible to create an unbiased measure of intelligence?

Discover how a magazine's 'random' phone poll led to one of the most
The Wrong Guy Won
surprising election results in history.
Find out how simply undertaking a study can jeopardise trial results and how
Can Fish Oil Make You Smarter?
to guard against this.

Mind Control In the largest trial of human mind control ever, does size equal significance?

Statistical Measures

Average Joe How is it possible for the average American to live with one and a half other people?

Cumulative Frequency: Find out how Enron employees could see where they rated, and whether they would
You're Fired? be fired, on a cumulative frequency graph.
Discover the real story behind the study that found a correlation between eating
Can Eating Fish Prevent Murder?
seafood and committing murder.

© Twig World Ltd 63

 Statistics and Probability

Charts
Are cats, dogs or fish the most popular pet? See how different types of graphs
Most Popular Pet
display the whole story.

Nightingale's Diagram Explore how one nurse's visual representation of data saved thousands of lives.

Explore how photographers use the unique properties of histograms to take the best
Histograms: Snapshot
photographs.

Distorted Graphs: Heatwave Discover how graphs containing limited information can be misleading.

“ It is a fun website that

teaches you facts as well
as entertains you
” - Pupil

© Twig World Ltd 64

 History of Maths

History of Maths
Maths Through the Ages 1

The Babylonians and Plimpton 322 See the surprisingly familiar numbers that appear on this ancient tablet.

The Egyptians
The legend that led the Egyptians to use a complex system of fractions.
and Unit Fractions

The Egyptians and Multiplication Find out how the Egyptians tackled multiplication, using powers of two.

Building the Pyramids See how Egyptian builders used triangles to create perfectly symmetrical pyramids.

Witness how the Ancient Greeks managed to prove mathematical reasoning beyond
The Greeks and Proof
doubt.

The Romans and Numerals Discover why the Romans were such terrible mathematicians!

Maths Through the Ages 2

Find out why one of the most positive contributions of Indian mathematicians was, in
India and Negative Numbers
fact, negative!

The Arabic Science of Balancing Discover the fundamental principle of algebra.

European Mathematical Symbols Find out when and why mathematical symbols were invented.

Numbers: The Discovery of Zero The number zero has not always existed – why was it 'invented'?

Chinese Development of Maths A summary of the independent development of Chinese mathematics.

Maths in Modern History

Tank Wars The amazing prediction made using algebra that helped to win World War II.

Find out why Churchill’s Navy relied on geometry to protect supplies during World
Beating the U-Boats
War II.

Enigma: Cracking the Code Find out why the Nazi's message encoding mechanism proved so difficult to crack.

Numbers: Life Without Numbers Meet the Aboriginal tribe who manage with only numbers 1, 2 and 3.

Who decided how long a metre is, and how did it become the standard metric
How Long is a Metre?
measure?

Decimals: Decimal Day Discover what happened when the United Kingdom changed to a decimal currency.

How Origami Changed the World Discover the surprising applications of the paper-folding art of Origami.

The Prime Number Code Discover why prime numbers hold the key to encryption.

© Twig World Ltd 65

 History of Maths

Great Mathematicians 1

Jai Singh Why did the Maharaja built the biggest observatories in the world?

Irrational Numbers: Pythagoras Find out why the discovery of irrational numbers is said to have led to murder.

Calculating Pi: Archimedes How was Pi first accurately calculated?

Geometry: Euclid What were the simple rules Euclid set out that form the basis of Geometry?

Great Mathematicians 2

Coordinate Geometry: Descartes Discover how Descartes developed the (x,y) coordinates so familiar today.

Discover how Newton's study of movement led to a revolutionary new branch of

Calculus: Newton
mathematics.

Set Theory: Cantor Find out how Cantor's work on set theory shaped his life.

Discover how Alan Turing developed the simple mathematical foundation of

Algorithms: Turing
computing science.
Find out why mathematician’s scribbles became one of the world’s most difficult
Diophantine Equations: Fermat
maths problems.
The patterns that allowed a seven-year-old mathematician to perform amazing
Number Theory: Gauss
calculations.

Degrees of Separation: Erdös What's your Erdös number?

© Twig World Ltd 66

© Twig World Ltd
This document is proprietary to Twig World Ltd. Its contents are confidential and legally privileged under English Law. This
presentation is provided on the understanding the receipient may not at any time or for any reason disclose, copy, reproduce,
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