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23. Nervous System

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4 views2 pages

23. Nervous System

Uploaded by

boldmeritacademy
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NERVOUS SYSTEM

The nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord and a network of
nerves that covers all parts of the body. It helps the different parts of the body
to communicate and allows the brain control what is going on in the outside
world.

RESPONSE AND COORDINATION

Coordination is a process by which an organism’s activities are organized to


increase its chances of survival. Coordination is enhanced by the nervous
system and the endocrine system. The nervous system has three primary
functions;

 To collect information about conditions outside and inside the body


 To process and analyze this information
 To coordinate an appropriate response

THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

The brain and spinal cord make up what is called the central nervous system.
A nerve impulse is an electrical charge passing through a nerve. Nerve cells are
also called neurons. The impulse begins at a sense organ, and then it travels
through neurones to the CNS, rather like a current passing from a battery
around a circuit.

The main types of nerves are;

1. Sensory neurone – This is a nerve cell which receive stimulus and changes
it to an impulse and conveys the impulse to the Central Nervous System,
(CNS)
2. Motor neurone – This is a nerve cell which takes impulses from the CNS to
the effector organs, e.g. muscles and glands
3. Relay neurone – connects the sensory neurone and the motor neurone
together.

FIVE (5) KEY EVENTS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM


i. Receptor cells in sense organ detect a stimulus.
ii. Nerve impulse travel through a sensory neurone to the CNS
iii. Nerve impulse travel through a relay neurone inside the CNS
iv. Nerve impulse travel through a motor neurone to reach an effector organ
v. The effector organ responds, e.g. muscle contracts

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SENSORY AND MOTOR NEURONES

Feature Sensory Neurone Motor Neurone


Cell body  It is located to the side of the  It is terminal with dendrites
nerve fibre projections from its surface
 It has a smooth surface
without dendrites
Nerve fibre  It has both the Axon and  It only has the Axon
Dendron
Nerve  Its nerve endings are  Its nerve endings are
endings attached to sensory organs attached to the effector
organ.

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