ARELLANO UNIVERSITY

Jose Abad Santos Campus

Basic Education Department – Senior High School

3058 Taft Avenue Pasay City

FREQUENT USE OF SMARTPHONES RESULTING IN LACK

OF SLEEP OF SELECTED SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

STUDENTS IN ARELLANO UNIVERSITY

JOSE ABAD SANTOS CAMPUS

A Quantitative Study

Presented to Arellano University – Jose Abad Santos Campus

Basic Education Department – Senior High School

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for Grade 12 of

Humanities and Social Sciences

Pallesco, Ace Manuel O.

Trinidad, Axel Hans C.

Bacor, Nicole L.

Cabungcal, Debyne Valerie C.

Cresencio, Angelica O.
 Dante, Xyrene Neil T.

Lacanilao, Aliah Faith A.

Mondero, Khryztle S.

Ocampo, Sophia Loraine V.

Villanueva, Kim Irish Q.

Yambot, Aeriel Jane P.

March 2025
 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The proliferation of digital gadgets has become ubiquitous among senior high school

students. Smartphones, tablets, and laptops are integral to their social lives and academic

activities. However, the excessive use of these smartphones, particularly before bedtime,

has raised concerns regarding its impact on sleep patterns. Addressing this issue requires

a combined effort of promoting healthy sleep habits and managing screen time

effectively.

“Sleep deprivation occurs when a person does not get enough quality sleep. It can

affect a person’s health, well-being, and ability to focus on daily tasks. It can also affect

the immune system and may increase the risk of certain health conditions.”

(MedicalNewsToday, 2024). Although it might be tempting to use your phone or

computer before bed, research shows that these devices can disrupt sleep by reducing the

production of melatonin, a hormone that naturally helps you feel sleepy in the evening.

This causes increased alertness, making it harder to relax and fall asleep (Sleep

Foundation, 2023).

According to Foundation for Media Alternatives (2024), social media serves as the

Internet to many Filipino online users. Over 80% of the Philippine Internet population

uses social media. In Universal McCann’s (2008), wave 3 study on social media, the

Philippines has the highest penetration of social networking among Internet users at 83%,

compared with the global average of 58%. Among the available social media platforms,

Filipino online users prefer using Facebook over Twitter, Tumbler, Pinterest among

others, with 92% having profiles and with women as the most active users. For Filipino
online users, Facebook is the easiest and cheapest to access. Mobile networks in the

Philippines offer it for free as a package for data plans or as an incentive for subscribing

to their network.

The researchers aim to conduct this study to raise awareness about the challenges

students face, particularly those related to sleep deprivation due to excessive use of

smartphones. To address this issue, they propose implementing strategies to help

individuals manage and cope with lack of sleep. This includes sharing techniques and

coping mechanisms that promote a healthy lifestyle, offer relief, and provide peace of

mind. Additionally, the researchers seek to understand how students who experience

sleep deprivation are affected physically and emotionally.

A recent study conducted from a local secondary public high school in Pampanga,

discovered that there is a correlation between stress levels and screen addiction. It

highlights the significance of finding a balance between personal health and technology;

used to enhance student's educational experiences, quality of life, and factors such as

stress levels, physical activity levels, and lack of self-control. To enhance their academic

performance and mental health, students should be taught about the dangers of excessive

mobile phone usage, encouraged to practice personal wellness, and given preventative

steps to follow (Fernandez et al., 2024).

According to the study, students who use screens excessively are more likely to

experience stress, obsessive behavior, and a loss of self-control—among other negative

consequences—that could lead to sleep deprivation. On the contrary, physical activity is

associated with lower stress levels among individuals. This study reveals senior high
school students experience anxiety, eating problems, and smartphone addiction,

impacting their behavior and mental health.

A growing number of these users engage in nocturnal, i.e. night-time, social media

use (Adams et al., 2017), which may be attributed to the convenience and mobility of

smartphones (Adams et al., 2017). Subsequently, scholarly attention is now focused on

understanding the impact of excessive, as well as nocturnal use of social media—

meaning the nighttime surfing in the social media—and technological devices on users’

well-being (Wolniewicz et al., 2018).

Appleton et al. (2020) found nocturnal use of technological devices, such as

smartphones, to be associated with work errors and vehicular accidents in Australia.

In addition, a report on young adults in the U.K. estimated that about 20% of

respondents frequently awoke at night to check social media notifications which caused

them to experience more exhaustion than their peers (Royal Society for Public Health &

Young Health Movement, 2017).

As mentioned, this study is relevant to this research as it states that adolescents that

mostly engage themselves in nocturnal usage of social media can cause several negative

effects such as exhaustion, poor sleep quality, anxiety, and depression. Social media

platforms are indeed helpful and a great advantage to us, but it can be considered a

double-edged sword because of its dangers.

A study in Centro Oriental Polangui Albay shows that children who use electronic

devices before bedtime have poorer sleep quality and are more likely to suffer from

depression, anxiety, fatigue, and sleep disturbances. Parents should be aware of the

potential risks of late-night screen use on children. The purpose of the study is to provide
parents practical and updated guidance and strategies to help their children’s screen time

habits. The researcher used mixed methods- qualitative and quantitative design to have

comprehensive understanding of the study. This may include regulations on advertising

targeted towards children, limitations on screen time in public spaces, or guidelines for

schools and childcare centers in Brgy.Centro Oriental Polangui Albay.

Connecting it to this research, it was proven by the aforementioned study that

children who use their electronic devices before bedtime may cause poor sleep quality

and are more likely to suffer from mental illness. Wherein this research also focuses on

the effects of usage of electronic devices—specifically smartphones to sleep quality of

senior high school students.

At this stage, excessive use of digital screens was associated with worse and shorter

sleep, showing, as its main consequences, night awakenings, long sleep latency, and

daytime sleepiness. The use of mobile phones before bedtime was associated with poor

quality of sleep among adolescents (Silva SS et al.,2022).

This study aimed to analyze the influence of digital screen use on adolescents’

quality of sleep. Studies covering adolescents from 10 to 19 years were included without

language or publication restrictions which answered the following guiding question:

“Does the use of digital screens influence adolescents’ quality sleep?”.

The following descriptors were used: “Sleep Quality”, “Screen Time”, and

“Adolescent”. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) assessed the methodological quality

of the cohort studies, and a modified NOS was used to assess the cross-sectional ones. In

total, 2,268 articles were retrieved, of which 2,059 were selected for title and abstract
reading, after duplicates were deleted. After this stage, 47 articles were selected for full

reading, resulting in the 23 articles which compose this review.

Similarly, this research also aims to identify the excessive use of smartphones

among adolescents or senior high school students which causes a poor sleep quality

wherein the study stated is aligned to the researcher’s aim which is to identify the

influence of screen time usage to the sleep quality of adolescents.

Theoretical Framework

Based on the Cognitive Behavior Theory by Aaron Beck, which was developed in

1960. It discusses that people's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors are connected to the

body and this means that whatever a person does and thinks affects how they feel.

Moreover, an individual’s immediate, unpremeditated interpretations of events are

referred to as automatic thoughts. Automatic thoughts shape both the individual’s

emotions and their actions in response to events. These automatic thoughts are the cause

of our actions and behaviors (National Library of Medicine, 2024).

For instance, the urge to check on our phones at night—even though we badly

needed to rest—is an automatic thought. Due to this, our body instantly grabs the phone

and opens it, which leads to staying for a few more hours. This commonly happens at

night because we have that urge and temptation to surf online thus, it affects our sleeping

cycle.

Apart from that, Cognitive Distortions are thoughts that transform reality, meaning,

these thinking patterns hinders the person to do something in order to make the thought

happen, which correlates to the research "Frequent Use of Smartphones Resulting in Lack

of Sleep", wherein students that checks their phones late at night affects their sleep cycle
because of the thought that there might be something important they need to be updated

on.

Cognitive behavioral theory holds significant importance in studying the impact of

using gadgets that resulted in lack of sleep for many individuals in the present day. In

modern times, various people are using modern technologies such as smartphones,

tablets, and computers, which have a negative effect on an individual's sleeping patterns.

CBT provides a strategy similar to Cognitive Restructuring, it helps individuals assess

and change their negative thoughts regarding the use of gadgets. Additionally seeks to

change habits that can harm an individual's sleep by encouraging them to perform

alternative activities including reading habits and activities that help to calm and relax a

person's mind.

To sum up, Cognitive Behavioral Theory (CBT), provides an effective framework

for comprehension and addressing conflicts that associated with sleep deprivation caused

by excessive use of gadgets, where the aim that can be adapted to CBT is to achieve a

positive result to better sleep quality and general mental health of an individual.
Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Data that the Data gathering Frequent Use of

researchers must process: Smartphones
gather from the Resulting to Lack
respondents: Distribution of in Sleep of Batch
Survey through 2,AM shift of
The demographic Google forms to Senior High
profile of the the respondents. School Students in
respondents. Arellano
Summarization of University-Jose
The social media the collected data Abad Santos
platforms from the Google Campus
commonly used form.
by the
respondents.

The estimated

Figure 1. Research Paradigm of Frequent Use of Smartphones Resulting in Lack of

Sleep of Selected Senior High School Students in Arellano University-Jose Abad

Santos Campus.
Statement of the Problem

The objective of this study is to examine the effects of frequent cellphone use

on sleep and to provide guidance on its proper usage to ensure adequate sleep. The

researchers aim to gain comprehensive knowledge about the impact of frequent cellphone

use on sleep deprivation.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents based on:

1.1 Name

1.2 Year/Grade level

2. What social media platforms does the respondent commonly use?

2.1 Facebook

2.2 Messenger

2.3 Instagram

2.4 TikTok

3. What is the estimated hours of screen time of the respondent within a day?

4. How many hours of sleep does the respondent commonly consume?

5. What is the correlation of frequent use of smartphones and sleep quality of

the respondent?
Null Hypothesis (H0)

Frequent use of mobile phones, particularly before bedtime, has no significant

effects on students' sleep quality. Nonetheless, it negatively impacts students' academic

performance, attention, emotional well-being, and overall energy levels. This study seeks

to explore the relationship between the duration of phone use before sleep and its effects

on sleep quality. However, findings show that there is no relation between the two

variables.

Significance of the Study

In order for the researchers to proceed with this study, there should be a

benefactor or an objective that they must meet such as addressing their sleep quality and

their frequent use of smartphones. The findings of this research will benefit these

individuals as they will heavily contribute to this study, and they are also the ones we

want to reach out to. These individuals are as follows:

Community. Community leaders may organize technology wellness workshops

for parents and students to promote better sleep habits. The community will become more

aware of the negative effects of digital media overuse among students' sleep. The study
can build a healthier, more balanced approach to technology use in society, benefiting

both students and families. Society, in general, can become more mindful of the long-

term effects of sleep problems from gadget use. This study can help shift community

values toward creating a culture that values sleep for their well-being.

School. The study can help the school provide a learning context where students

can develop stronger academic skills results through healthier wellness routines. The

research can inspire the school to offer seminars on responsible gadget use and sleep

hygiene for students. Research can provide insights for school counselors to better fix

sleep problems that affect students’ mental health. Teachers can better understand why

some students might be tired or less focused in class due to sleep deprivation.

Teachers. The study's findings can promote teamwork between teachers and

parents or guardians to address the issue of how using gadgets affects students' sleep.

This research is a valuable tool for educators looking to create a learning environment

that supports both academic achievement and student mental health. This information can

develop programs or advantages that support students in using gadgets more safely to

help them manage their studies, technology use, and prioritize sleep.

Parents. This study will provide parents and guardians with valuable insights into

the potential negative effects of excessive smartphone use on their children's sleep

patterns. Also, parents can engage in more informed discussions with their children about

responsible gadget use and the importance of prioritizing sleep for better physical health.

Student. This study supports students to become more conscious of their physical

health. The study emphasizes for the students how sleep deprivation causing gadget use
can lead to multiple health issues. Findings from this study can inform the development

of physical health, especially their sleep quality.

Future researchers. This research will make a worthwhile contribution to

knowledge by expanding knowledge base on technology use, sleep patterns and academic

performance amongst adolescents. Lastly, the research study results may indicate new

areas for future research, present investigations into certain interventions or approaches to

the problem. This research can be used to design effective intervention and educational

programs which can be used to help students achieve healthy use of technology and good

sleep.

Scope and Delimitation

This study’s scope, under the title "Frequent Use of Gadgets Resulting in Lack of

Sleep of Selected Senior High School Students in Arellano University-Jose Abad Santos

Campus.” This study investigates the relationship between the frequent use of gadgets

and its effects on sleep deprivation within senior high school students at Arellano

University-Jose Abad Santos Campus. The research will focus on Batch 2, AM shift

from grade 11 to 12 students’ academic year 2024-2025.

The research will examine the extent of using gadgets, the number of students

sleep every night, and how it affects them—as reflected in their survey answer.

Information will be gathered through their screen time and survey answers. This study is

strictly concerned with senior high school students at Arellano University-Jose Abad

Santos campus who frequently use smartphones. It would not cover other gadgets such as

tablets or computers; it would only look into cell phone use that affects their sleep and
causes sleep deprivation. This research will also be limited only to the students at

Arellano University-Jose Abad Santos campus.

Definition of Terms

Anxiety. In a medical sense, it is an abnormal and overwhelming sense of apprehension

and fear (Merriam Webster, 2024). In this research, it's been used the same; it's

mentioned more as a symptom.

Excessive. A word which means more than usual, or more than necessary (Merriam

Webster, 2024). Moreover, it was used as excessive refers to their overuse beyond what

is considered normal, particularly before bedtime.

Nocturnal. It is a verb or word that means of, relating to, or occurring in the night

(Merriam Webster, 2024). In relation to our study, In this research, the term pertains to

frequent use of gadgets during the night, often leading to disrupted sleep patterns.

Sleep Deprivation. It is a condition which is characterized by an inadequate or

insufficient sleep sustained over a period of time (Better Health Channel). Consequently,

it refers to the lack of sufficient sleep resulting from prolonged gadget use at night.

Social Media. It is a collective term for websites and applications that focuses on
communication (TechTarget, 2021). In this research, social media refers to platforms that

serve as virtual social hubs, influencing students' nighttime activities.

Ubiquitous. It is the existence or being everywhere at the same time, constantly

encountered, or widespread (Merriam Webster, 2024). In relation to this study,

ubiquitous describes the widespread ownership and usage of smartphones among

students.
 METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The study entitled “Frequent Use of Smartphones Resulting in Lack of Sleep of

Selected Senior High School Students in Arellano University Jose Abad Santos Campus”

is a Quantitative Research. This study has a research design of Correlational Research as

it highlights the relationship of the student’s amount of screen time and their quality of

sleep.

Data analysis of the effect of smartphone use was held using correlation analysis

between the dominant variable of students' sleep quality (the dependent variable) and the

variable of the influence of smartphone on students' academic performance to illustrate

that there was a correlation or an influence on academic performance on the behavior of

smartphone use among senior high school students.

Population and Sample

This study was conducted on the premises of Arellano University - Jose Abad

Santos Campus with the target respondents being Grade 11 and 12 Batch 2, AM Shift

students for the school year.

The total number of respondents for the study is 713 with a sample size of 327,

calculated using Slovin's formula with a margin of error of 0.05 and a confidence level of

95%.

Sampling Method

Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling method where participants

are selected based on their accessibility and willingness to participate. This method is

appropriate for this research since the data will be gathered using a Google Forms survey

link, which will be distributed through a group chat where all Senior High School (SHS)

Presidents are already present. This platform provides an accessible channel for

disseminating the survey to the targeted group. All Batch 2 AM Shift Senior High School

students will be opened for surveying, and those who volunteer to respond are the only

ones that would be included in the study. To note also that all the data that would be

provided by each responder are privately secured, ensuring a safety conduction of such.

Furthermore, assuring that the data they've provided are all protected and would not be

misused.
 This method doesn't require additional resources nor any special arrangement to

collect data speedily and efficiently. Convenience sampling, however, has its limitations.

Since the participants are self-selected and not randomly selected, the possibility for

selection bias arises. Thus, the findings may not be generalizable to the entire population

of Batch 2, AM Shift of Senior High School students because the respondents could be

different in one- or two-ways regarding motivation and/or behavior compared with the

non-respondents. Despite these limitations, convenience sampling is appropriate for this

study because it ensures timely and straight forward data collection while focusing on the

target population. It provides an initial understanding of the relationship between frequent

smartphone use and lack of sleep within the specific context of the chosen group.

Research Instrument

The researchers developed their own structured survey questionnaire in order to

align with the study's objectives relating to the impact of frequent use of gadgets in the

sleep quality. Moreover, to ensure the validity and reliability of the research instrument

that is used was validated by a teacher, who has the expertise in the fields of research and

academics.

To conclude, to collect data and determine the student’s frequency of use of

gadgets, the researchers use the 5-point Likert Scale and 3-point Likert Scale presented in

the table below.

Scale Description Mean

5 Always 4.21-5.00
 4 Often 3.41-4.20

3 Sometimes 2.61-3.40

2 Rarely 1.81-2.60

1 Never 1.00-1.80

Scale Description Mean

3 High 2.34-3.00

2 Moderate 1.67-2.33

1 Low 1.00-1.66

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers first identified the research questions that guided their study.

These questions helped them understand what they were trying to learn and shaped the

entire process. Next, they planned a clear strategy on how to gather the data needed to

answer these questions. They decided to use surveys and questionnaires to collect the

information from the respondents. After that, the researchers prepared the survey

questions, ensuring they were clear and easy to understand. Once everything was ready,

they identified and selected the target population, choosing the right people to answer the

surveys.
 We used a convenience sampling method, meaning the respondents were not

specifically selected but instead, they are the ones who were willing to participate. We

used Google Forms as a platform in making the questionnaire and distributed it in the

Messenger group chats, making it more convenient and accessible for everyone who was

interested in sharing their responses. The individuals who answered the survey were

those who voluntarily chose to take part, ensuring that the process was open and

accessible to all willing participants. The researchers monitored the survey responses

closely every day for a week, making sure participants had enough time to answer. After

answering the surveys, they collected all the completed surveys. The data was then tallied

to ensure everything was accurate and that a high percentage of surveys were returned.

Finally, the researchers analyzed the data, looking for patterns and trends to understand

what the results meant. They treated the data statistically to draw meaningful conclusions

and answer the research questions.

Data Analysis

The survey questionnaire data was meticulously compiled into tables and

subjected to rigorous statistical analysis using suitable methodologies. Specifically, this

study employed Weighted Mean and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient to examine the

relationships and trends within the collected data.

Mean. This presents the average computed data of the screen time of students.

This statistical treatment will be used in order to determine the duration of mobile phone

usage of the students as mentioned in the third and fourth statement of the problem.
 Pearson Correlation Coefficient. This statistical treatment was applied in order

to assess the significant relationship between the variables of the study which are the

frequent use of mobile phones and resulting in lack of sleep.

 RESULTS

This chapter provides a presentation of statistical data regarding the problems.

listed under the statement of the problem.

The researchers did a meticulous counting of the amount of grade 11 and

grade 12 respondents from different strands and sections of Batch 2, AM Shift.

The table below illustrates the number of respondents based on their grade.

level, strand, and section.

Table 1

Demographic Profile Frequency and Percentage

GRADE 11 & 12 FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL 139 42.12%

SCIENCES

HOME ECONOMICS 100 30.3%

INFORMATION AND 64 19.39%

COMMUNICATION

TECHNOLOGY

GENERAL ACADEMIC STRAND 27 8.18%

TOTAL 330 100%

 The table presents the demographic profile of Grade 11 and 12 students based.

on their academic strands, showing the frequency and percentage of students in each

category. The Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) strand has the highest number

of students, with 139 individuals making up 42.12% of the total population. Home

Economics follows with 100 students, accounting for 30.3%. The Information and

Communication Technology (ICT) strand includes 64 students, representing 19.39% of

the total. Lastly, the General Academic Strand (GAS) has the fewest students, with only

27 individuals, making up 8.18% of the population. The total number of students

surveyed is 330, representing 100% of the dataset.

Table 2. Messenger

Social Media Platform Frequency and Percentage

MESSENGER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Always 99 30%

Often 66 20%

Sometimes 50 15.15%

Rarely 49 14.84%

Never 66 20%

TOTAL 330 100%

 The table presents data on the frequency of social media platform usage.

through Messenger. It categorizes respondents into five usage levels: Always, Often,

Sometimes, Rarely, and Never. The highest percentage (30%) of users reported using

social media Messenger–Always, followed by 20% who use it Often. Interestingly, an

equal percentage (20%) of respondents stated that they Never use social media

Messenger. The remaining participants are divided between Sometimes (15.15%) and

Rarely (14.84%), showing a more moderate or infrequent usage pattern.

Table 2.1 Facebook

Social Media Platform Frequency and Percentage

FACEBOOK FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Always 75 22.72%

Often 69 20.90%

Sometimes 69 20.90%

Rarely 55 16.66%

Never 62 18.78%

TOTAL 330 100%

 The table presents data on the frequency of Facebook usage among a sample.

of 330 individuals. The highest proportion of respondents, 22.72% (75 people) reported

that they always use Facebook. Slightly lower percentage, 20.90% (69 people) stated that

they often use the platform, while the same percentage (20.90%) said they sometimes use

it. Meanwhile, 16.66% (55 people) indicated that they rarely use Facebook, and 18.78%

(62 people) reported never using it.

Table 2.2 Instagram

Social Media Platform Frequency and Percentage

INSTAGRAM FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Always 75 22.72%

Often 69 20.90%

Sometimes 71 21.51%

Rarely 51 15.45%

Never 64 19.39%

TOTAL 330 100%

The table presents data on the frequency of Instagram usage among

respondents, showing both the number of users and the corresponding percentage for

each category. The highest percentage (22.72%) represents individuals who use

Instagram Always, followed closely by those who use it Sometimes (21.51%) and Often
(20.90%). Meanwhile, 19.39% of respondents reported that they Never use Instagram,

and 15.45% use it Rarely.

Table 2.3 TikTok

Social Media Platform Frequency and Percentage

TIKTOK FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Always 75 22.72%

Often 68 20.60%

Sometimes 69 20.90%

Rarely 54 16.36%

Never 64 19.39%

TOTAL 330 100%

Table 2.3 shows the frequency and percentage of students' TikTok usage,

revealing

that a majority engage with the platform regularly. A significant portion of students use

TikTok "Always" (22.72%) or "Often" (20.60%), while 20.90% use it "Sometimes,"

indicating that over half of the respondents frequently access the platform. Meanwhile,

16.36% use it "Rarely," and 19.39% reported "Never" using TikTok. These findings

suggest that TikTok is a prevalent social media platform among students, potentially
contributing to increased screen time. This highlights the need to examine its effects on

students' academic performance, sleep quality, and overall well-being.

Table 3

Frequency and Percentage of the Amount of Screen Time

AMOUNT OF SCREEN FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

TIME

HIGH 68 20.60%

MODERATE 148 44.84%

LOW 114 34.54%

TOTAL 330 100%

In this table, 330 people's screen time usage is broken down into three categories:

high, moderate, and low. Out of the participants, 68 (20.6%) have a high screen time, 148

(44.8%) have a moderate screen time, and 114 (34.5%) have a low screen time. Most

students use screen time moderately, and the high amount has the lowest percentage

while the low amount of time on screen has lesser than moderate and higher than high

amount of screen time.

Table 4

Frequency and Percentage of the Sleep Quality

 SLEEP QUALITY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

HIGH 61 18.48%

MODERATE 170 51.51%

LOW 99 30%

TOTAL 330 100%

This table shows that most of the students (51.51%) have moderate sleep

quality, and 30% of the respondents report low sleep quality. High sleep quality is

reported by only 18.48% of the students, which indicates that a considerable number of

the students might have impaired sleep.

Table 5

Correlational Relationship between Frequent Use of Smartphones and Student’s

Sleep Quality (Pearson’s R)

Indicators Pearson R Value Interpretation

Frequent Use of -0.26 No Correlation

Smartphones and Sleep

Quality

The Pearson correlation coefficient of -0.26 suggests a weak negative.

relationship between frequent smartphone use and sleep quality, meaning that as

smartphone use increases, sleep quality tends to decrease slightly. However, the

correlation is weak, and the value indicates that this relationship is not strong or

consistent. A value of -0.26 is far from a strong negative correlation, so while there might

be a slight trend toward poorer sleep with increased smartphone use, other factors likely

play a more significant role in determining sleep quality. In essence, the data does not

strongly support the idea that smartphone use significantly impacts sleep quality on its

own.
 DISCUSSIONS

Summary of Findings

This part of the research provides the summary of findings and the conclusion drawn

from the study that examined the digital lifestyle pattern of the selected Senior High

School Students. Additionally, this part outlines the recommendations from various

different Teachers that consider the effectiveness of the result of the study.

The respondents of the study consist of selected Senior High School Students within the

University. The respondents were chosen through Convenience Sampling Method,

applying the Quantitative Research Method and employing the Correlational Research

Design. The data collection was conducted using Questionnaire Survey, with statistical

tools including the Mean, Frequency, Percentage, and Pearson's R.

Key findings of this study in relation to the specific questions are as follows:

Problem No. 1: Which among the four platforms (Messenger, Facebook, TikTok,

Instagram) is most used by the respondents in regards with:

1.1 Always

1.2 Often

1.3 Sometimes
1.4 Rarely

1.5 Never

The findings indicate that, according to the frequency, it is shown that most of the

students are determined Always in using Messenger. It is stated that the majority of the

students are regularly using the Messenger platform. This may demonstrate that the

students are continuously using the Messenger platform due to convenience and

reliability. To sum up, the data presents that the usage of the Messenger platform is

regular from that context.

Problem No. 2: Frequency and Percentage of the Amount of Screen Time

2.1 High

2.2 Moderate

2.3 Low

Based on the frequency, the findings suggest that most students maintain the level of their

screen time moderate. The data reveals that a wide proportion of students engage with

screen time is effectively managed to a certain extent. This consistent usage may be

attributed to the advantage of using smartphones. One possible reason for the moderate

screen time spent by the students is its ability to alleviate stress and allows them to

communicate with others.

Problem No. 3: Frequency and Percentage of the Amount of the Sleep Quality

3.1 High

3.2 Moderate

3.3 Low

The findings indicate that most students demonstrate a moderate level of sleep quality.

According to the data, it suggests that a significant number of students maintain

consistent sleep. This stability may be influenced by factors such as daily routines, body

clock, minimal tasks, and tiredness. Therefore, the results suggest that sleep quality

remains relatively stable in this context.

Problem No. 4: Correlational Relationship between Frequent Use of Smartphones

and Student’s Sleep Quality (Pearson’s R)

The study’s results indicate that the Pearson R value of -0.26 demonstrates non-

significant correlation between frequent use of gadgets and lack of sleep among Selected

Senior High School Students.

Conclusion

Derived from the results of the study, the researchers concluded the following:

Based on the findings of the study, the researchers arrived at the following conclusions:

1. The study results indicate that students use TikTok very frequently, with 22.72%

of them using it always and 20.60% using it often. This suggests that a significant

portion of students engage with TikTok regularly, which may contribute to

excessive screen time.

2. The data also reveal that most students (44.84%) maintain a moderate level of

screen time, while 20.60% spend a high amount of time on screens, and 34.54%

have low screen time. While a balanced screen time is observed among the

majority, a considerable number of students still engage in prolonged screen

exposure.

3. The study shows that many students (51.51%) experience a moderate quality of

sleep, whereas 30% report poor sleep quality. Only 18.48% of the students have

high-quality sleep, indicating that a large number may face challenges in

achieving restful sleep.

 4. The Pearson correlation coefficient of -0.26 suggests a weak negative relationship

between frequent smartphone use and sleep quality. This means that as

smartphone use increases, sleep quality tends to decrease slightly. However, the

correlation is weak and not strong or consistent. Since -0.26 is far from a strong

negative correlation, the data does not strongly support the idea that smartphone

use significantly impacts sleep quality on its own. Other factors likely play a more

significant role in determining sleep quality.

Recommendation

The present study accurately estimated and examined the usage of social media of

Selected Senior High School Students. In accordance with this, the following

recommendations are therefore presented:

1. Since the impact of frequent gadget use on sleep quality has been thoroughly

examined, educators and administrators at Arellano University- Jose Abad Santos

Campus can raise awareness for responsible use of gadgets. Encouraging students

to practice time management and raise an awareness about health risks of being

exposed to gadgets. These steps may help students to understand and maintain a

balanced routine that supports their well-being and academic performance.

2. On the other hand, since not all students are exposed to excessive use of gadgets,

therefore, it is essential to consider some varying levels when assessing it's

potential impact on sleep quality and well-being.

3. Given that a substantial number of students experience moderate to poor sleep

quality, interventions should be developed to promote healthy sleep habits.

Schools and health professionals may provide seminars or workshops

emphasizing the importance of proper sleep hygiene, screen-free bedtime

routines, and balanced use of digital devices.

4. While the Pearson correlation coefficient suggests only a weak negative

relationship between smartphone use and sleep quality, further studies should

explore other contributing factors that may have a stronger impact on students'

sleep. Future research may consider variables such as stress levels, academic

workload, and environmental factors to provide a more comprehensive

understanding of students' sleep quality.

5. Since technological tools play a crucial role in students' daily activities, educators

should integrate digital literacy programs into the curriculum. Teaching students

how to use technology effectively for educational purposes can help them develop

better study habits while minimizing distractions from social media and non-

academic screen activities.