CBSE Class 12 Physics (RT) Question Paper - Alternating Current
Time: 1 Hour 30 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 50
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (1 × 11 = 11 Marks)
Q1. The average value of alternating current over one full cycle is:
a) 0
b) I02\frac{I_0}{\sqrt{2}}
c) 2I0π\frac{2I_0}{\pi}
d) I0I_0
Ans: a
Q2. The current in a pure capacitive circuit:
a) Is in phase with voltage
b) Lags behind voltage by 90°
c) Leads voltage by 90°
d) Is zero
Ans: c
Q3. The power factor of a pure resistive circuit is:
a) Zero
b) One
c) Less than one
d) Greater than one
Ans: b
Q4. In a purely inductive AC circuit, the average power consumed is:
a) Maximum
b) Zero
c) Depends on frequency
d) Infinite
Ans: b
Q5. Resonance in LCR series circuit occurs when:
a) XL=XCX_L = X_C
b) R=XLR = X_L
c) XL=0X_L = 0
d) XC=0X_C = 0
Ans: a
Q6. Unit of reactance is:
a) Ohm
b) Farad
c) Henry
d) Volt
Ans: a
Q7. In a transformer, power loss is minimum when:
a) Current is high
b) Voltage is low
c) Current is low
d) Both voltage and current are low
Ans: c
Q8. If the RMS voltage is 220 V, peak voltage is:
a) 110 V
b) 311 V
c) 220 V
d) 440 V
Ans: b
Q9. Transformer works on the principle of:
a) Electrolysis
b) Mutual Induction
c) Ohm’s Law
d) Self Induction
Ans: b
Q10. In a series LCR circuit, at resonance:
a) Voltage across inductor = 0
b) Voltage across capacitor = 0
c) Impedance = Resistance
d) Current = 0
Ans: c
Q11. The phase difference between voltage and current in an LCR series circuit at resonance
is:
a) 90°
b) Zero
c) 180°
d) 45°
Ans: b
Section B: Assertion-Reason (2 × 1 = 2 Marks)
Q12.
Assertion (A): In a purely inductive AC circuit, no power is dissipated.
Reason (R): In such a circuit, current lags behind the voltage by 90°.
Ans: a
Q13.
Assertion (A): The RMS value of AC is greater than its average value over a complete cycle.
Reason (R): RMS value is defined as the square root of mean of square of instantaneous
values.
Ans: a
Section C: Very Short Answer (2 × 5 = 10 Marks)
Q14. Define power factor. What is its value for a purely capacitive circuit?
Ans: Power factor = cos(φ); For purely capacitive circuit: cos(90°) = 0
Q15. Write two uses of transformers.
Ans: Voltage step-up in transmission; voltage step-down for home appliances.
Q16. What is wattless current? Give one example.
Ans: Current which does not consume power; example: in ideal capacitor circuit.
Q17. Define RMS value. Find RMS if peak voltage is 311 V.
Ans: Vrms=V02=3112=220VV_{rms} = \frac{V_0}{\sqrt{2}} = \frac{311}{\sqrt{2}} = 220 V
Q18. Function of choke coil; Reactance if L = 50 mH, f = 50 Hz.
XL=2πfL=2π×50×0.05=15.7ΩX_L = 2\pi fL = 2\pi\times50\times0.05 = 15.7 \Omega
Section D: Short Answer (3 × 5 = 15 Marks)
Q19. Derive current in pure resistor.
Ans: V=V0sinωt⇒I=V0Rsinωt=I0sinωtV = V_0 \sin \omega t \Rightarrow I =
\frac{V_0}{R} \sin \omega t = I_0 \sin \omega t
Q20. Resonance condition, graph, formula.
Ans: XL=XC⇒ω=1LCX_L = X_C \Rightarrow \omega = \frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}}; graph: sharp peak at
resonant frequency.
Numerical: f=12πLC⇒f≈159 Hzf = \frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{LC}} \Rightarrow f \approx 159 \, Hz
Q21. Given: V=230V,R=100ΩV = 230 V, R = 100 \Omega
Irms=VrmsR=2.3AI_{rms} = \frac{V_{rms}}{R} = 2.3 A
I0=2×Irms=3.25AI_0 = \sqrt{2} \times I_{rms} = 3.25 A
V(t)=325sin(314t)V(t) = 325 \sin(314t)
Section E: Long Answer (6 × 2 = 12 Marks)
Q22. Explain AC generator with diagram and emf expression.
Ans: Working on electromagnetic induction; e=NBAωsinωte = NBA\omega \sin \omega t
Q23. Explain transformer, principle, turns ratio.
Ans: VsVp=NsNp\frac{V_s}{V_p} = \frac{N_s}{N_p}; not used with DC as it needs changing
flux.
Section F: Case Study Based (2 × 4 = 8 Marks)
Q24. Case: AC Generator
(i) Frequency in e=220sin(314t)e = 220 \sin(314t):
Ans: b (50 Hz)
(ii) Max emf at:
Ans: c (ωt=90∘\omega t = 90^∘)
(iii) Rotating coil part:
Ans: d (Shaft)
(iv) RMS value:
Ans: c (155.5 V)
Q25. Case: Series LCR Resonance
(i) Resonant frequency:
Ans: b (159 Hz)
(ii) Impedance at resonance:
Ans: d (Equal to resistance)
(iii) Phase difference at resonance:
Ans: c (0°)
(iv) Current at resonance:
Ans: c (VR\frac{V}{R})
