MAHARANA PRATAP GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

KOTHI MANDHANA, KANPUR

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated to Dr. AKTU, Lucknow)

DIGITAL NOTES

[DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED SCIENCES & HUMANITIES]

Subject Name : TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION

Subject code : KAS-301

Course : B. Tech

Branch : CSE, AIML, AI, DS,IOT

Semester : III

Prepared By : Mrs. KOMAL TRIVEDI

Reference no: AS/KT/TC/B.Tech301/2/3

pg. 1
 Unit-2

Communication skills for career building

L7 BIO DATA, RESUME AND C.V.

BIO DATA, RESUME AND C.V.

There is a Thin Line Difference between Bio-data, Resume and Curriculum Vitae.
A Resume is suited for any position in an organization. Personal information such as age,
date of birth, marital status, nationality and gender are generally not included in resume. It is
suitable for almost all types of Organization.
A biodata is shortened form of biographical data and has now become anobsolete term. In
this format, the emphasis is on personal details such as age, date of birth, marital status,
nationality and gender and address. These details are followed by the educational
qualification, work experience and skills for the job.
A curriculum vitae contains all the elements of a resume, but it is moredetailed in terms of
academic credentials. It is generally used for a position in a research organization or when the
candidate applies for a research fellowship. A CV contains a detailed account of all the
papers published, papers presented at the conference and research projects carried out. We
can say that a CV is more knowledge oriented whereas a resume is more skill oriented.
RESUME

Resume gives general information about a person and his traits like- personal circumstances,
skills, experience, educational qualifications and capabilities.

There are some kinds of resumes used to apply for Job openings. one can choose a
chronological, a functional, combination, or a targeted resume.

Chronological Resume
The word ‘Chronological’ stands for sequence. Chronological resume is a Sequential
structured record of our work history, accomplishments, and educational qualifications
starting from the most recent in reverse order. This type of resume is preferably used by job
seekers with a strong, solid work history.

Functional Resume
A functional resume focuses on your skills and experience, rather than onyour chronological
work history. It is used most often by people who are changing careers or who have gaps in
their employment history.

Combination Resume
As the name suggests A combinational resume is a combination of both Chronological and
Functional resume. A combination resume lists skills and experience first. Employment
pg. 2
history is listed next. This type of resume highlights the skills that are relevant to the jobs
applied for and also provides the chronological work history that employers prefer.
Sample cover letter
Address

Date

Company address and name

Subject- Application for the Position of ***********

Respected Sir,
Please consider me as a candidate for the position of Software Engineer advertised by you in
‘The Times of India’ dated 2nd October 2023. I have just been seeking such an opportunity
as this, and I am confident that my background and your requirements may be a good match. I am very
much interested in working as a software engineer in your esteemed organization. I enclose
my resume as a first step in exploring the possibilities of employment with Cisco Private
Limited. I have worked as a Project Trainee for HCL Pvt. Ltd. For the past six months. I was
involved in developing a graphical user interface for Metadata Management System. I have
hands on experience in Java Swing, Java Security, JDBC and Oracle. As a Software Engineer
in your organization, I assure you that I will work hard for the improvement of your
company. Furthermore, I work well with others. I would be grateful to you if an opportunity
would be given to me for the interview in your esteemed organization for the position of
Software Engineer.
Thank you for your consideration
Yours sincerely,
Xyz

Sample Resume

ABC
Address:
Contact No.: *********
Email: ********

CAREER OBJECTIVE
To work with a leading company and to use my analytical thinking to the best of my ability
combined with perseverance, so as to contribute to organization’s growth and goal as well as
to attain my professional goal.

Position Sought: Software Engineer

BASIC ACADEMIC CREDENTIALS:

S. No. QUALIFICATION Board/ University Year Percentage

1. B.tech ABC ****** **
2. Intermediate ABC ***** **
pg. 3
3. High school ABC ****** **
COMPUTER PROFICIENCY:
PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN
TRAINING UNDERGONE
PROJECT REPORT:
CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES
ACHIEVEMENTS
INTERPERSONAL SKILLS
PERSONAL DETAILS:
Father’s Name:
Permanent Address:
Date of Birth:
Hobbies:

DECLARATION
I do hereby declare that above information is true to the best of my knowledge.

Date
Place Signature of candidate

L8 Interview skills

Interview skills
An interview is usually called a formal meeting. It provides an opportunity tothe participants
to exchange views and also to evaluate others. A job interview is defined in various ways. The
word interview comes from Latin and middle French words meaning to “see between’ or “see each
other”. The person who asks the questions of our interview is called an interviewer. It
suggests a meeting between two persons for the purpose of getting a view of each other or for
getting to know each other.
According to Thill and Bovee, “An interview is any planned conversation with a specific
purpose involving two or more people.
Dual purpose of an interview:
1. First to find out the best person available for the job and
2. The applicant’s objective is to find the job best suited to his goal.

Types of interviews
There are many types of interviews that an organization can arrange. It depends on the
objectives of taking the interview. Some important types of interviews are stated below:

1. Face-To-Face Interview

 This is a traditional interview and the most common type. pg. 4

 In this interview the candidate and the interviewer meet face-to-face.
  The main concept of the interview is to build rapport with the interviewer and show
how the qualifications will benefit their organization.
 The interviewee should maintain eye contact, and respond to all the questions of the
interviewer.

2. Behavioural Interview
In behavioural interviews, the interviewer asks candidates to recall specific instances where
they were faced with a set of circumstances, and how they reacted.

3. Phone Interview
Telephone Interviews take place if a recruiter wishes to dwindle down the number of
prospective candidates before deciding on a shortlist for face- to-face interviews. They also
take place if a job applicant is a significant distance away from the premises of the hiring
company such as abroad or in another state.

4. Panel Interview
Panel means a selection committee that is appointed forinterviewing the candidate. Panel may
include three or five members. Questions are asked to candidates about different aspects, and
marks are given to each candidate. Final decision is taken by all the members collectively by
rating the candidates.

5. Exit Interviews
When an employee leaves the company, he is interviewed either by his immediate superior or
by the HRD manager. This interview is called an exit interview. Exit interview is taken to
find out why the employee is leaving the company. Exit interviews are taken to create a good
image of the company in the minds of the employees who are leaving the company.

6. Stress Interview

 The interview, attempts to find how applicants would respond to aggressive,

embarrassing, rude and insulting questions. A stress interview allows interviewers to
see how well you work under pressure. Being asked more than one questions at a
time;

 Being asked further questions without being allowed adequate time to respond;

 Being questioned in an interrogatory tone and voice;

 Being asked an unrelated bunch of questions;

 Having his feelings provoked.

7. Technical Interview
This kind of interview focuses on problem solving and creativity. The questions aim at your
problem- solving skills and likely show your ability and creativity. Sometimes these
interviews will be on a computer module with multiple-choice questions.
pg. 5
The Most Effective Interview Skills or Tips
1. Research the company: Gain basic information about the company, like vision
and mission, key personnel, and recent milestones of the company.

2. Analyse job description: Read carefully the job description, and make a list of the points
to justify how you are capable of achieving these specific duties.

3. Brush up basics: Whether you are a fresher or an experienced professional, you can
expect certain tough questions. Brush up your subject fundamentals if you are a fresher
.
4. Be punctual: Reach well in time to appear professional. People who arrive late are often
rejected even before they appear for the interview.

5. Be attentive: Listen carefully to everything the interviewer is saying. This is not the time
to daydream or be distracted.

6. Speak clearly: When communicating, speak calmly and clearly. Don’t be in a rush to get
all the answers out. If you do not know the answer, be honest about it.

7. Know what and when to speak: Keep in mind you are in a formal setting. Even if the
Interviewer is acting friendly, avoid giving informal answers.

8. Do not waste time: The interviewer probably has a very busy day planned. Do not waste
their time. Be direct in your answers.

9. Mention your strengths: Be confident and informative when talking about your strengths
but do not be arrogant .

10. Show gratitude: No matter how your interview goes, always take a moment to thank the
Interviewers for their time and consideration. A positive attitude and polite behaviour can go
a long way in impressing people.

Preparing for the Interview

Planning- The Interview Process - An interview can go through two processes that
is Phone Interview and In- Person Interview. Once you have sent your resume to a
company and survived the weeding out process, your resume typically gets passed along to
the hiring manager. There are three interview processes-

Before the Interview-

Identify your strengths and weaknesses, goals, skills, etc

Research the company
Rehearse what you plan to say
Practice answers to common questions
Prepare questions to ask the employer

During the Interview

pg. 6
Make sure you arrive a few minutes early
Be aware of nonverbal communication. Sit up straight, look alert, speak clearly and
Forcefully, but stay relaxed. Make good eye contact, avoid nervous mannerisms, and
try to be a good listener as well as a good talker. Smile!
Follow the interviewer’s lead, but try to get the interviewer to describe the position
and duties to you fairly early in the interview so that you can then relate
your background and skills in context
Be specific, concrete, and detailed in your answers. The more information you
Volunteer, the better the employer gets to know you
Offer examples of your work and references which will document your best qualities
Answer questions as truthfully and as frankly as you can. Answer honestly, while
trying not to say more than is necessary

After the Interview

Take notes on what you feel you could improve upon for your next interview
Write a brief thank-you letter to the interviewer indicating your interest within 24 hours of
your interview
If offered the position, one to two weeks is a reasonable amount of time to make a decision.
All employment offers deserve a written reply whether or not you accept them.

L9 Group Discussion & Effective Profiling

Group Discussion
What is Group Discussion?
In the words of R C Sharma and Krishna Mohan “A group discussion is held to discuss a
problem or an issue to arrive at a decision and to exchange information on significant matter
related to the function, growth or expansion of a professional organization. It is
used as an instrument for assessing the suitability of a candidate fora job.
Types of GD:
TOPIC BASED: In this discussion topic is given to the candidates about what they have to
perform the discussion.
CASE BASED: Instead of topics, small cases are handover to the candidates which leads to
the question and they have to discuss those questions. This will help in finding out the
problem solving abilities of the candidates.
Method or technique to conduct a GD: Usually the group comprises 6 to 10 persons. The
discussion is unstructured and there is no chairperson or secretary to generate and
regulate the discussion. For effective participation one should possess effective
communication skills, an ability for using different interactive strategies and also to be aware
of the nature of group dynamics. Normally 8-10 students are taken as a group, though in
some cases, up to 16 people may be included in a group. The GD lasts for 10-15 minutes. For
a topic-based GD, 2-3 minutes of thinking time may be given; though the group is often
told to start right away. For case studies, however, about 15minutes is given. The
evaluation is done by one or two experts, usually professors from the B-School itself. pg. 7
Please remember that these people are experts with a lot of experience and can
be counted upon to observe all details, even if the GIs chaotic. The candidates
may be seated in a circle or in a rectangular arrangement, wither without a table. Seating
arrangements may be prefixed or there may be free seating. The discussion may be stopped at
the set time or even earlier. A conclusion or consensus may be asked for, though it usually
does not occur. A written or oral summary may asked for at the end from each candidate
Some of the personality traits the GD is trying to gauge may include:
 Communication skills
 Interpersonal Skills
 Leadership Skills
 Motivational Skills
 Team Building Skills
 Analytical /Logical Skills
 Reasoning ability
 Different Thinking
Dos of participating in a GD:
 Listen to the subject carefully
 Put down your thoughts on a paper
 Initiate the discussion if you know the subject well
 Listen to others if you don’t know the subject
 Support you point with some facts and figures
 Make short contribution of 25-30 seconds 3-4 times
 Give others a chance to speak
 Speak politely and pleasantly. Respect contribution from other members.
 Disagree politely and agree with what is right.
 Summarize the discussion if the group has not reached a conclusion.
Don’ts of participating in a Group Discussion
 Initiate the discussion if you do not have sufficient knowledge about the given topic.
 Over speak, intervene and snatch other’s chance to speak.
 Argue and shout during the GD
 Look at the evaluators or a particular group member
 Talk irrelevant things and distract the discussion
 Pose negative body gestures like touching the nose, leaning back on the
chair,
 Knocking the table with a pen etc.
 Mention erratic statistics.
 Display low self -confidence with shaky voice and trembling hands.
 Try to dominate the discussion
 Put others in an embarrassing situation by asking them to speak if they don’t want

L10 Effective Profiling & Communication and Networking: Building

Relationship
pg. 8
 Effective Profiling
Effective profiling is often associated with various fields such as law enforcement, marketing,
and security. It is also involved in gathering and analysing information about individuals or
groups to understand their characteristics, behaviours and preferences. Profiling can
serve different purposes, including crime prevention, customer targeting, and risk
assessment.
Here are some key principles of effective profiling:
Clear Objectives: Define the purpose and objectives of the profiling process. Know
what you want to achieve, whether it is identifying potential customers,
understanding criminal behaviour patterns, or assessing security risks.
Data Collection: Gather relevant and reliable data from various sources. In criminal
profiling, this might include crime scene details, while in marketing, it could involve
customer surveys and purchase history. The quality of data is essential for accurate
profiling.
Data Analysis: Use appropriate analytical tools and methods to process the collected
data. In criminal profiling, this might involve statistical analysis assessments,
while in marketing, data analytics and psychological and segmentation methods are
often used.
Pattern Recognition: Look for common patterns or trends in the data. For example, in
law enforcement, patterns in criminal behaviour might help in identifying potential
suspects can reveal customer.
Risks Assessment: Evaluate the potential risks or threats that are associated with the
profiled individuals or groups. This is crucial in security profiling to determine the level
of risk and the necessary preventive measures.
Ethical Considerations: Adhere to ethical standards and legal regulations when
collecting and using personal information for profiling. Respect an individual's privacy
rights and consent when applicable.
Continuous Improvement: Profiling methods should be continuously refined and
updated as new data becomes available or as the situation changes. For example in law
enforcement, evolving criminal tactics may require updates to profiling techniques.
Cross-Referencing: Verify the accuracy of profiles by cross-referencing
information from multiple sources. This helps to reduce errors and provides a more
comprehensive understanding of the subject.
Interdisciplinary Approach: In complex profiling scenarios, involving experts from
different fields can enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of the process. For example,
combining behavioural psychology and forensic science in criminal profiling.
Validation: Test the effectiveness of the profiling process by comparing the profiled
information with, real-world outcomes. In marketing, this involves tracking sales or
customer engagement, while in security; it involves monitoring for potential threats.pg. 9
Feedback Loop: Maintain a feedback loop to adapt the profiling process based on results
and outcomes. If a profiling approach is not yielding the expected results, be willing to
adjust and improve it.
Transparency: When appropriate, share the findings and methodology with relevant
stakeholders. In some cases, transparency helps in building trust and cooperation, such as
with customers in marketing or the public in law enforcement.
Effective profiling should always be conducted with the best interests of the individuals
involved and with respect for their rights and privacy. It is essential to balance the need
for profiling with ethical and legal considerations to ensure fairness and accuracy.

Communication and Networking: Building Relationship

Communication and networking are two vital components of personal and professional
success. They go hand in hand, as effective communication is the foundation of
successful networking. Here's a closer look at both:
Communication: Effective communication is the process of clearly and
comprehensively conveying information, thoughts, ideas, and feelings to others. It's a
critical skill for various aspects of life, including personal relationships, professional
settings, and everyday interactions.
Here are some key elements of effective communication
Clear and Concise Expression: Being able to express yourself in a clear and
straightforward manner is essential. Avoid ambiguity and use simple language when
necessary.
Active listening: Pay attention to what others are saying, ask questions for clarification
and show that you are engaged in the conversation. Active listening promotes
understanding and fosters better communication.
Non-Verbal Communication: Your body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice
also play a significant role in communication. They can either support or undermine your
spoken words.
Empathy: Understanding and considering others' perspectives and emotions is
crucial for effective communication. It helps in building trust and rapport.
Feedback: Provide and request feedback in your interactions. Constructive feedback can
lead to improved communication and mutual understanding.
Adaptability: Be adaptable in your communication style. Tailor your approach to the
needs and preferences of the person or group you are communicating with.
Clarity in Writing: Written communication is as important as verbal communication.
Ensure your emails, reports, and documents are well-structured, free of errors, and convey
your message clearly.
Networking: Networking is the process of building and nurturing professional
and personal relationships. It is about making connections, whether for career
pg.
10
advancement, business Opportunities, personal growth, or mutual support. Effective
networking can lead to numerous benefits, including:
Expanded Opportunities: Networking opens doors to job opportunities, collaborations,
Partnerships, and new experiences that you might not encounter otherwise.
Knowledge and Advice: You can gain access to a wealth of information, insights, and
advice through your network. You can learn from others' experiences and expertise.
Support System: A strong network provides emotional support, mentorship, and a safety
net during challenging times.
Visibility: Networking increases your visibility in your industry or community. Being
known and recognized can enhance your professional reputation.
Reciprocity: Building good relationships often involves helping others. Reciprocity is a
fundamental aspect of networking. When you help others, they are more likely to help
you in return.
Diversity: A diverse network exposes you to different perspectives and ideas, which n
lead to personal and professional growth
Long-Term Relationships: Effective networking is not just about making connections; it
is also about nurturing and maintaining those relationships over time.
To effectively combine communication and networking:
Be an active and engaged listener during networking events. This not you learn from
others but also demonstrates your communication skills.
Share your expertise and knowledge when relevant, as this enhances your reputation and
value within your network.
Use effective communication how to assist your goals and needs when networking, so
others can understand how to assist you.
Remember that both communication and networking are skills that can be
improved practice and dedication. Building strong relationships and effective
communication are a long-term endeavours that yields significant benefits in both your
personal and professional life.

Building relationships: Building strong and meaningful relationships is a fundamental

aspect of personal and professional success. Whether it is your personal life, at work,
or in your community, healthy relationships provide support, opportunities, and a sense
of fulfilment.
pg.
Here are some key principles for building and maintaining strong relationships:
11
 Effective Communication: Open and honest communication is the foundation of any
good relationship. Be a good listener, express your thoughts and feelings clearly, and
encourage others to do the same. Communication helps to resolve conflicts, prevents
misunderstandings, and strengthens the connection.

Empathy: Try to understand and share the feelings of others. Empathy helps you in
relating to people on a deeper level, and it is essential for building trust and rapport.
Respect: Show respect for others’ opinions, beliefs, and boundaries. Even if you
disagree, maintain a respectful and non-judgmental attitude. Respecting others' autonomy
and decisions is key to building trust.
Trust: Trust is the cornerstone of any relationship. Be reliable, keep to your
commitments, and demonstrate trustworthiness. Building trust takes time and consistency.
Quality Time: Spend quality time together. Whether it is with family, friends, or
colleagues, invest time in nurturing the relationship. This can involve shared
activities, meaningful conversations, or just being present for someone when they need
you.

Shared Interests: Identifying and nurturing shared interests or common goals

strengthens your connection. It gives you something to bond over and provides
a sense of purpose to the relationship.
Building relationships through effective communication is a fundamental aspect of
Successful networking. Whether you're expanding your professional circle, seeking new
Job opportunities, or growing your business, strong relationships are often the key to
achieving your goals.
Networking Strategies
Don’t be afraid to step out of your comfort zone to meet people and participate in new
events to make connections and start building relationships with people in your
community or with similar interests.

Attend events. Attend career fairs, college open houses, and local networking events to
meet professionals and learn about different industries and opportunities.
Reach out to teachers and mentors. Teachers and mentors can provide valuable advice
and connect you with professionals in your field of interest. These connections may be
able to find industry conferences or professional development opportunities you can
participate in even in high school.
Use social media platforms. Connect with professionals in your field of interest and
reaching out to alums from your school or colleges on your shortlist. Remember, colleges
are more likely to admit qualified students who show demonstrated interest
(DI) in enrolling than those who simply submit a common application.
Participate in internships or volunteer opportunities. Spending time participating in
these experiences can help you build your skills, make new connections, and gain pg.
valuable experience in your desired field. 12
 Join a student organization related to your career goal. Many schools have student
organizations for various industries. Joining these groups can help you connect with peers
and professionals in your field.
Keys to Successful Relationship Building When Networking
To build strong relationships, you need to communicate effectively and sincerely. Some
key elements to focus on when honing your relationship-building skills include:
Communication: Good communication is a key to building strong relationships.
This means actively listening to others, asking questions, and being concise but warm
when speaking.

Honesty and trust: Building trust is essential in any relationship, and

networking relationships are no exception. Be honest about your intentions and follow
through on any promises you make.
Authenticity: Be yourself, and don’t try to be someone you’re not. Authenticity will
help you build stronger, more meaningful relationships.
Giving back: One of the most important aspects of networking is the ability to give
back. Whether introducing people to each other, sharing information, or offering to help,
giving back is a key to building strong relationships.
Overcoming Networking Challenges:
Rejection is a common challenge, but it’s important to remember that it’s
not personal. Everyone experiences rejection, and it’s a normal part of the process.
Don’t take it personally if someone doesn’t respond to your outreach.
Move on and focus on the relationships that are working.

Remember that effective networking is not just about accumulating contacts

but about cultivating valuable relationships. Through clear, respectful, and engaging
communication, you can build a strong professional network that opens doors to
opportunities, support, and collaboration.

L11- Statement of Purpose (SOP) & Expert Technical Lecture: writing and
presentation
Statement of Purpose (SOP)
A Statement of Purpose (SOP), often required as part of the application
process for educational programs or job positions, is a written document in which you
articulate your goals, experiences, qualifications, and the reasons you are seeking a
particular opportunity. In simpler words, the SOP is your first introduction to the
university as an applicant and it communicates your personality, intent, and goals to the
selection committee of a university. It is usually written in the form of an essay but there
are exceptions too, as some universities keep it question-based. It also becomes a
deciding factor for admission into your preferred institution. Do remember, that an SOPpg. is
different from a personal statement. 13
The Purpose:
The SOP is an opportunity to introduce yourself to the Admissions Committee and
explain why you are a strong candidate for the program.

It should focus on you academic and professional journey, your aspiration, and how the
program aligns with your goal.
How long is a statement of purpose?
“A statement of purpose should be between 500 and 1,000 words,” Pierce says, noting
that it should typically not exceed a single page.
How to Write a Statement of Purpose:
1. First, ask yourself these key questions:
• Why do I want this degree?
• What are my expectations for this degree?
• What courses or program features excite me the most?
• Where do I want this degree to take me, professionally and personally?
• How will my unique professional and personal experiences add value to the program?
Jot these responses down to get your initial thoughts on paper. This will act as your
starting point that you’ll use to create an outline and your first draft.
2- Develop an outline-
An effective outline for your statement of purpose might look something like this:
1. INTRODUCTION
i. An attention-grabbing hook
ii. A brief introduction of yourself and your background as it relates to your
motivation behind applying to graduate school
2. BODY
i. Your relevant experience and accomplishments that relate to the field
a. Example 1
b. Example 2
c. Example 3
ii. Your professional goals as they relate to the program you’re applying to
iii. Why you’re interested in the specific school and what you can bring to the table
3. CONCLUSION
pg.
14
i. A brief summary of the information presented in the body that emphasizes your
Qualifications and compatibility with the school
4. Write the first draft-
1st paragraph: Introduction
This section is often confused with self-introduction. However, you should only introduce
your chosen academic field. You need to express your future expectations from this
course. Once you have selected a course, you are expected to gain some
knowledge about that particular field. You need to express your interest in the selected
program.
Alternatively, you can discuss your long-term goals, connect your goals with the course
of your choice and describe your understanding of the course. You also need to mention
your interest in your post-study work or study opportunities. For instance, some
candidates prefer to start working after the completion of the course while some
prefer to pursue higher education and research.
2nd Paragraph: Academic background
You need to provide information about your school or college. In case, you do not have
work experience, try to emphasize your published reports or achievements in
any project or assignment.
3rd Paragraph: Professional experience
Students interested in study abroad generally have some kind of work experience. It may
be a part-time job, training projects, internships, freelancing work, or a full-time job.
Share your work experience along with your skills.
4th paragraph: Reasons to pursue the particular course
Specify the reasons why you want to pursue the particular course. Mention the syllabus of
them course and explain the skills you want to improve. Explain how it will help you
achieve your goals and benefit your plans.
5th paragraph: Career goals
This is the most important section where you should explain the job profile you will be
working on. Try to explain your long-term career goals and plans. Do not mention
anything which might make the supervisors feel that you want to study abroad so that you
can settle in a foreign country.
You may speak about your desire to work in a top company or if you want to start your
own business. You can also discuss your business ideas, aims, ethics, and what impact
they will have on the industry.
6th paragraph: Why did you choose the particular university?
This is the paragraph where you need to tell the academic committee why you are an ideal
Candidate for the university. You should also mention faculty names, course pg.
15
curriculum, research work, as well as university-specific activities that will help you to
enhance your profile.
Concluding paragraph:
In the final paragraph, you need to seem focused and prepared for the challenges that can
come in your way of studying abroad. You should also show the panel that you are
confident enough to succeed in the field of your interest and will bring a tangible
difference in the industry from a global point of view.
Sample Format-
Dear Members of the Admissions Committee,
I am writing to express my sincere interest in the [Specific Program] at [University
Name]. With a strong academic foundation in [Your Field], coupled with practical
experience in [Relevant Experience], I am eager to embark on an advanced degree that
will deepen my knowledge and propel me towards achieving my professional goals.
Academic Background:
I completed my Bachelor's degree in [Your Field] from [Your University] where I
excelled in courses such as [Relevant Courses]. My academic journey laid the
groundwork for my passion in [Specific Area of Interest].
Professional Experience:
Over the past [X years], I have gained valuable experience as a [Your Job Title] at [Your
Current/Previous Company]. In this role, I had the opportunity to [Describe
Key Responsibilities and Achievements], which solidified my commitment to
advancing my expertise in [Specific Area]
Motivation for [Program Name]:
I am particularly drawn to [University Name] because of its distinguished faculty,
cutting- edge research facilities, and its commitment to fostering innovation in [Your
Field]. The comprehensive curriculum of the [Specific Program] aligns perfectly with my
academic and professional aspirations, particularly in [Highlight a Specific Aspect of the
Program].
Research Interests:
My interest in [Your Area of Interest] has been further fuelled by my involvement in
[Any Research Projects or Extracurricular Activities]. I am eager to contribute to ongoing
research at [University Name] and explore new avenues in [Your Area of Interest].
Career Goals:
Upon completion of the [Specific Program], my goal is to [Briefly Describe Your Career
Aspirations]. I am confident that the advanced knowledge and practical skills
gained at [University Name] will equip me to make meaningful contributions to the
field. pg.
16
 In conclusion, I am excited about the prospect of joining the [University Name]
community and contributing to the rich academic tapestry. I am confident that my
academic background, coupled with my professional experiences, will enable me to thrive
in the challenging and collaborative environment that [University Name] offers.
Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to contribute
to and benefit from the [Specific Program] at [University Name].
Sincerely,
[Your Full Name]
Do’s and Don’ts of a Statement of Purpose
Do’s
Make your SOP engaging

Elaborate on your motivation to pursue the course

Highlight your core strengths

Draw attention to your basic understanding of the course

Mention experience related to the choice of degree

Articulate goals and interests well

Proofread your SOP

No plagiarized content

Do not mention your stay-back plans
Avoid grammatical issues

SOP should not be too long or boring

Expert Technical Lecture: writing and presentation

Eminent speakers from industries and universities are invited to enlighten the
students with their ideas and experiences.
The objective is to students and faculty members the opportunity to gain knowledge and
insight into the innovations through interactive sessions.
Through these lectures, students get acquainted with recent developments, practical
applications, research, problem-solving, industry needs and requirements, their
expectation, the scope for students, and the implementation of theoretical
knowledge.
Advantages of Expert Technical Lecture Method-
pg.
• Works as stimulus 17
• Passes factual Information quickly
• Useful for large as well as small gathering
• More economical
• Quick and straight forward way of communication
• Easily synthesizes and integrates a large body of knowledge.
Types of Technical Lecture:
1- Traditional type- Lecture where the speaker is the only figure dominating the entire
Scene while others are simple passive listener.
2- Participatory Lecture- Where the orator or speaker begins with some brainstorming
Ideas on the lecture topic.
Essentials of an expert technical lecture
1. Theme clarity i.e. the speaker should be clear about the topic he is going to deliver.
2. The lecture should be presented in a clear and logical sequence.
3. The material should be comprehensible and meaningful
4. After introducing the theme, the speaker should present the data and analyse it.
5. Use of required technical terms.
6. Presentation of findings.
How to structure a Technical Lecture-
1. Define the Purpose and Objectives
2. Understand Your Audience
3. Create a Clear Outline
4. Introduction
5. Main Content
6. Analysis of Data
7. Use of Technical Terms
8. Presentation of Findings
9. Engage the audience
10. Conclusion
Presenting Technical Lecture-
1. Know Your Audience: pg.
18
•Understanding Background: Be aware of the technical knowledge and expertise level of
your audience.
•Adapt Content: Tailor your presentation to match the audience's understanding.
2. Clearly Define Objectives:
•Set Expectations: Clearly communicate what the audience should learn from your lecture.
•Align with Theme: Ensure your objectives align with the overall theme of the
lecture.
3. Organize Your Content:
•Logical Flow: Present your content in a clear and logical sequence.
•Introduction: Clearly introduce the theme, objectives, and agenda.
•Main Body: Present each point with focus and coherence.
•Conclusion: Summarize key points and reiterate the main message.
4. Visual Aids:
•Use Graphics: Utilize visuals like diagrams, charts, and slides to enhance understanding.
•Avoid Overloading: Keep visuals simple and relevant, avoiding information overload.
5. Engage Your Audience:
•Interactive Elements: Include questions, discussions, or activities to keep the audience
Engaged.
•Real-World Examples: Relate technical concepts to practical, real-world applications.
6. Delivery Style:
•Confidence: Project confidence in your voice and body language.
•Speak Clearly: Ensure your speech is clear and audible.
•Pacing: Control the pace to allow the audience to absorb information.
7. Use of Technical Terms:
•Define Terms: Clearly explain technical terms and concepts.
•Contextual Use: Integrate technical language where necessary, providing context.
8. Q&A Session:
•Encourage Questions: Invite the audience to ask questions during or after the
lecture.
•Thorough Responses: Provide clear and comprehensive answers
9. Time Management: pg.
19
•Stay on Schedule: Adhere to the allocated time for your presentation.
•Prioritize Content: Focus on key points and avoid unnecessary details.
10. Feedback and Adaptation:
•Read the Room: Pay attention to audience reactions and adapt accordingly.
• Seek Feedback: Encourage feedback to improve future presentations.
11. Professionalism:
•Dress Appropriately: Maintain a professional appearance.
•Punctuality: Start and finish your lecture on time.
•Respectful Interaction: Be respectful and attentive to your audience.
12. Provide Resources:
•Reference Material: Offer additional resources for those interested in further study.
•Contact Information: Share your contact details for follow-up questions.
13. Practice:
•Rehearse: Practice your presentation multiple times to ensure a smooth delivery.
•Get Feedback: Seek feedback from colleagues or mentors to refine your presentation

L-12 Seminars and conferences Paper Writing

Seminars and conferences Paper Writing
Seminars and conferences are events where individuals gather to discuss, share, and learn
about specific topics of interest. Writing a seminar or conference paper involves drafting a
document that communicates research findings, ideas, or insights on a specific topic to a
academic or professional audience.
Writing a seminar or conference paper involves drafting a document that communicate
research findings, ideas, or insights on a specific topic to an academic or
professional audience. Here's an overview of what each entails:
Seminar Paper:
Purpose:
• A seminar paper is usually written as part of a seminar course or as preparation for Seminar
presentation.
• It allows for in-depth exploration and discussion of a specific topic.
Audience:
pg.
• Typically a smaller, more focused audience consisting of classmates, instructors, or peers
interested in the seminar topic. 20
Content:
• May involve original research, a literature review, or a combination of both.
• The focus is often on a narrow aspect of a broader subject.
Length:
• Length may vary but is generally shorter than a conference paper.
• Can be a few pages to around 10-15 pages, depending on the seminar requirements.
Presentation:
• Often accompanied by a seminar presentation where the author discusses key point sand
findings.
Conference Paper:
Purpose:
• A conference paper is written for presentation at an academic or professional
conference.
• It aims to share research findings, innovations, or insights with a broader audience.
Audience:
• Intended for a larger and more diverse audience, including researchers, academics,
professionals, and experts in the field.
Content:
• Typically involves original research, and the scope may be broader than a seminar
paper.
• Should contribute to the existing body of knowledge in the field.
Length:
• Can range from short papers (around 4-6 pages) to longer, more comprehensive
papers (10-20 pages or more), depending on conference guidelines.
Presentation:
• Presented at the conference through oral presentations, poster sessions, or both.
• Authors may have a limited time to present key points, emphasizing the need for
Clarity and conciseness.
Common Elements:
Structure:
• Both seminar and conference papers typically follow a similar structure: introduction, pg.
21
Literature review, methodology, results, discussion, conclusion, and references.
Citation:
• Both require proper citation of sources using a specified citation style (APA, MLA,
Chicago, etc.).
Clarity and Conciseness:
• Both should be written clearly and concisely to effectively communicate ideas or
research findings.
Peer Review:
• Both may undergo a peer review process before acceptance, especially conference
Papers submitted for publication.
BASIS FOR CONFERENCE SEMINAR
COMPARISON
Meaning A conference refers to A seminar is an instructional
a large formal gathering event, wherein one or more
Of several people or experts communicate some
members, to talk about a information through lecture
specific topic or subject of or general discussion.
common interest.

Number of people 50-1000 5-10

Objective TO get an opinion or To educate, discuss and

salutation for an issue. guide.
Participation of audience Limited Participation Active participation
Organized at Organization or hotel Seminar hall of an
meeting space. organization
Duration Few days One hour and more
Type of work Presenting an exchange of Presentation Discussion
view.
Methods of writing a seminar / conference paper
1. Title page
2. Table of contents
3. Abstract
4. Introduction
5. Body: Literature Review, methodology, Implementations, Results, Discussion, and
Analysis
6. Conclusion pg.
7. Citations and references 22
CONFERENCE
COMPARISON SEMINAR

pg.
23
pg.
24
pg.
25
pg.
26