Machine Tools

IPE 3211

Instructor
Jannatul Ferdous Mim
Lecturer, Department of IPE, RUET
05
Drilling Machine
Definition

Drilling is basically a single-purpose machine tool as its main

purpose is to make holes in the workpiece. A machine consists of a
spindle that provides rotary motion to the drilling tool, which finally
makes the hole in the job (workpiece). Drilling Machine has based
upon the principle that the rotating edge of the tool exerts a large
force on the workpiece and holes are being created in the workpiece.
The material is removed from the workpiece by the shearing and
extrusion process.
Main Parts

Bed:
The bed is the main part of the machine on which the whole machine
is being mounted. The bed is made up of cast iron, so it has high
compressive strength and good wear resistance.

Pillar:
The pillar is a type of vertical column that rests on the bed. A pillar is
present at the center of the bed. The pillar helps the motor and the
spindle head.
 Main Parts
Swivel Table:
The table is the place where the workpiece is being mounted. The table is
attached to the column and it can be rotated around the column and can have
an upward and downward moment. A table can be adjusted at any angle as
per the requirement.

Motor:
The motor is present at the top of the column. The inside motor shaft is there
which is connected to a stepped pulley so that we can increase or decrease
the speed of the rotation of the motor.
 Main Parts
Stepped pulley:
Two steeped pulleys are present on either side of the column at the top. Out of
these two, one pulley will be in an upward direction while the other pulley is
inverted. Always both the pulleys will be there in the opposite direction. The
basic function of the stepped pulley is to control the speed of the rotation of the
motor.

Spindle:
Spindle arrangement is present at top of the column opposite to the arrangement
of the motor. The top of the spindle is attached to one of the stepped pulleys. The
bottom of the spindle is connected to the chuck.
 Main Parts
Chuck:
Chuck is present at the bottom of the spindle. The basic function of the chuck is
to hold the cutting tool firmly.

Drill bit:
A drill bit is an actual cutting tool that is used to create a hole in the workpiece.

Hand Wheel:
The basic function of the handwheel is to adjust the spindle position as per the
requirement.
 Specification

● The portable Drill Machine is specified by the maximum diameter of the drill
which can be held.
● Sensitive and the upright drill machine are specified by the diameter of the
largest workpiece that can be held.
● The radial drill machine is specified by the length of the arm and column
diameter.
● Multiple spindle drill machine is specified by the drilling Area, the size and
the number of holes the machine can drill.
 Precaution

i) The machine tool should be strong enough to drill a hole in the workpiece,
otherwise, the parts may be deformed due to the cutting force generated. Drill
feeding arrangement must be directionally stable.
ii) To avoid any kind of error it must make sure that the Axis of the spindle,
adapter, and tool must coincide.
iii) Accurately ground drills should be used so that the uniform chips are
produced by both cutting edges, otherwise, unbalanced forces may deflect the
tool during machining.
iv) The workpiece must be held rigidly otherwise it can lead to:
Error in Shape, Burrs and Error in hole location.
 Power

In order to cut the metal has to overcome the resistance offered by the metal and
a twisting movement is necessary to run it.
The torque required to operate the drill is dependent on the various factors, but
the most common equation which is found to give the best satisfactory result is:
Drilling Machine Power formula

Where,
T=Toque.
F=feed.
D= diameter of the drill.
Operations
Work Holding Device of Drilling Machine

1. T -bolt and Clamps

2. Drill Press Vise

3. Step Block

4. V -Block

5. Angle Plate

6. Drill Jigs
 Work Holding Device of Drilling Machine

● T -bolt and Clamps

This is one of the most common methods holding the work directly on the
drilling machine table is by means of T -bolt and Clamps. The diameter of T -
bolts usually ranges from 15 – 20 mm. The clamp or straps are made of mild
steel flats 12 – 20 mm thick and 45 – 70 mm wide.

● Drill Press Vise

This is one of the most common methods of holding small and regular
shaped workpieces. This may be plain or universal type. In a universal vise
the base may be swiveled at any angle about the vertical axis and it may be
tilted in a vertical plane to drill hole in a work at different angles.
Work Holding Device of Drilling Machine

● Step Block
This is used in conjunction with T -bolts and clamps for holding the work
directly on the table. It provide support for the other end of the clamp. They
made of mild steel.

● V -Block
Its use for holding round workpieces. They are accurately machined cast
iron or steel blocks.
 Work Holding Device of Drilling Machine

● Angle Plate
These are usually made of cast iron having two faces at right angles to each
other. Its use when it is necessary to drill a hole parallel to another surface.

● Drill Jigs
Its use for holding the work in a mass production process. It can hold the
work safely, find the work, and guide the device at any ideal position.
Tool Holding Devices

1. Directly Holding Tool

● All general-purpose drilling machines have the spindle bored out to a
standard taper to receive the taper shank of the tool.
● The taper use in a drill spindle is usually Morse standard taper which is
approximately 1: 20.

2. Sleeve
● The sleeve fits into the taper hole of the spindle and holds tool shanks of
smaller sizes in the taper hole.
● It has flat end or tang which fits into the slot of the spindle.
.
Tool Holding Devices

3. Socket
● Drill attachments are any longer in size than the drill sleeves.
● It consists of a solid shank attachment to the end of a cylindrical body.
● The decrease shank of the attachment fits in with the decrease of the
drill axle and fits into it.

4. Drill Chucks
● It has taper shanks which fits into the drill machine spindle.
● They are especially intended for holding smaller size drills or any other
tools.
 Limitations

Limited size workpiece: A limited size workpiece can only be machined.

Workpiece which is very large cannot be operated.

Rough Hole: The rough holes might be produced sometime during drilling.
Rough holes are can be avoided by:
● The feed should be reduced.
● Point reground.
● Coolant used.
● The rigidity of the fixture ensured.
 Limitation
Chipped cutting lips: Chipped-cutting lips can be formed. This happens because
of the high feed and high clearance angle. To avoid chipped cutting lips proper
feed speed and proper clearance should be used as per the requirement.

Oversize hole: An oversized hole may be produced due to the loss of a spindle
or unequal angle/ length of the cutting edges.

Breaking of Drill: The drill may break due to the following reasons:
● The drill may break if it gets dull.
● The flute is clogged by the chips.
● Due to high feed.
● Improper clamping of the drill and work.
Drill Bit
Thanks
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