EXPERIMENT NO: 2
AIM:- To study the Actual valve timing diagram of 4- stroke petrol engine
DIAGRAM:-
Figure 2.1 ACTUAL VALVE TIMEING DIAGRAM OF 4-STROKE PETROL ENGINE
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I.V.O-INLET VALVE OPEN 100-- 200 BEFORE THE PISTON REACHES TDC
I.V.C-INLET VALVE CLOSE 300-400 AFTER THE
PISTON REACHES BDC
E.V.O-EXHAUST VALVE OPEN 300-500 BEFORE THE
PISTON REACHES BDC
E.V.C-EXHAUST VALVE CLOSE 100-150 AFTER THE
PISTON REACHES TDC
A valve timing diagram is a graphical representation of the opening and closing of the
intake and exhaust valve of the engine, The opening and closing of the valves of the
engine depend upon the movement of piston from TDC to BDC, This relation between
piston and valves is controlled by setting a graphical representation between these two,
which is known as valve timing diagram.
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EXPERIMENT NO:-3
AIM:- To study the Actual valve timing diagram of 4 stroke diesel engine.
DIAGRAM:-
Figure 3.1 ACTUAL VALVE TIMEING DIAGRAM OF 4-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE
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ACTUAL VAVLVE TIMING DIAGRAM OF 4 STROKE DIESEL
ENGINE
I.V.O-INLET VALVE OPEN 100-200 BEFORE TDC
I.V.C-INLET VALVE CLOSES 250-400 AFTER BDC
F.V.O-FUEL VALVE OPEN 100-200 BEFORE TDC
F.V.C-FUEL VALVE CLOSES 150-200 AFTER TDC
E.V.O-EXHAUST VALVE OPEN 390-500 BEFORE BDC
E.V.C-EXHAUST VALVE CLOSEE 100-150 AFTER TDC
In an ideal engine , the inlet valve opens at TDC and closes at BDC . The exhaust
valve opens at BDC and closes at TDC . The fuel is injected into the cylinder when the
piston is at TDC and at the end of compression stroke But in actual practise it will
differ.
Inlet Valve opening and closing:
In an actual engine, the inlet valve begins to open 5°C to 20 °C before the piston
reaches the TDC during the end of exhaust stroke. This is necessary to ensure that the
valve will be fully open when the piston reaches the TDC. If the inlet valve is allowed
to close at BDC , the cylinder would receive less amount of air than its capacity and
the pressure at the end of suction will be below the atmospheric pressure . To avoid
this inlet valve is kept open for 25° to 40°after BDC.
Exhaust valve opening and closing:-
Complete clearing of the burned gases from the cylinder is necessary to take in more
air into the cylinder. To achieve this exhaust valve is opens at 35° to 45° before BDC
and closes at 10° to 20° after the TCC. It is clear from the diagram, for certain period
both inlet valve and exhaust valve remains in open condition. The cranks angles for
which the bothvalves are open are called as overlapping period. This overlapping is
more than the petrol engine.
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Fuel valve opening and closing:
The fuel valve opens at 10° to 15 °before TDC and closes at 15° to 20 ° after TDC .
This is because better evaporation and mixing fuel.
The extreme position of the bottom of the cylinder is called “Bottom Dead Centre”
[BDC].IN the case of horizontal engine, this is known as “Outer Dead Centre” [ODC].
The position of the piston at the top of the cylinder is called “Top Dead Centre”
[TDC].In case of horizontal engine this is known as “Inner Dead Centre” [TDC]. In
case of horizontal engine this is known as “inner dead centre “ [IDC].
Suction or inlet valve opens slightly before top dead center in vertical engine (or
inner dead center in horizontal engines) so that the charge is not restricted at the dead
center position. The valvecontinues to be opened. Well beyond the bottom dead
center or outer dead center in horizontalengines to admit more charge due to high
velocity at charge in the inlet manifold. The charge air fromatmosphere enters the
cylinder due to suction stroke. The angle between inlet valve opening andclosing
gives the suction process in crank angles in degrees.Exhaust valve opens considerably
before the end of the working stroke that is before bottom deadcenter. This no doubt
reduces the power output from the engine.
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