Daily BeePedia

28th December 2024

INDEX

RBI, Banking and Economy ___________________________________________ 2

SEBI and Financial Awareness _________________________________________ 5

NABARD and Agriculture ___________________________________________ 7

National __________________________________________________________ 8

International _____________________________________________________ 10

States____________________________________________________________ 12

Reports and Indexes _______________________________________________ 15

Science and Technology ___________________________________________ 17

Defence __________________________________________________________ 19

Events ___________________________________________________________ 20

Awards & Rewards ___________________________________________________ 21

Appointments _____________________________________________________ 22

Important Days ___________________________________________________ 23

Obituaries_________________________________________________________ 23

Books ___________________________________________________________ 24

Sports ___________________________________________________________ 24
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RBI, Banking and Economy

Urban Consumer Confidence Survey for 2025

 The RBI’s Urban Consumer Confidence Survey (UCCS) for May 2025 shows a cautious but
improving sentiment among urban households across 19 major cities.
 The Current Situation Index (CSI) slightly declined to 95.4, remaining below neutral, while the Future
Expectations Index (FEI) rose to 123.4, indicating optimism about future income and employment.
 Inflation perceptions improved, with current inflation seen at 7.7% and future inflation expectations down
to 9.5%, supporting hopes of a demand-side recovery.
 While current spending has slightly dipped, consumers expect to increase future spending, driven by
confidence in rising earnings.
 In contrast, the Rural Consumer Confidence Survey showed stronger optimism, with a CSI of 100.0
and FEI of 126.2, due to a favourable monsoon and lower food inflation.
 The survey highlights the effectiveness of RBI’s inflation control measures and the need for continued
focus on employment generation and demand revival.
Learn Along:
About RBI
Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra Established: 1 April 1935 Governor: Sanjay Malhotra

RBI allows STRIPS trading for state government bonds to boost liquidity

 The RBI has allowed STRIPS (Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities)
for state government bonds, expanding a facility already available for central government securities.
 Eligible bonds must be fixed-coupon, have a residual maturity of up to 14 years, and an outstanding
amount of at least ₹10 billion.
 These securities must also qualify for fulfilling banks' statutory liquidity ratio (SLR) requirements.
 STRIPS enhance liquidity by allowing separate trading of principal and interest components of the
bonds.
 The move aims to develop the state government securities market and improve flexibility in debt
management.
 It follows consultations with state governments and market participants, ensuring practical alignment
with stakeholders’ needs.
 The guidelines match those for central government bonds and have come into immediate effect,
according to the RBI circular.

India's forex reserves rise by $5.17 billion to $696.65 billion: RBI

 India’s forex reserves rose by USD 5.17 billion to USD 696.65 billion for the week ending June 6, as
per RBI data.
 This follows a decline of USD 1.237 billion in the previous week, with reserves nearing the record high
of USD 704.885 billion from September 2024.
 Foreign currency assets increased by USD 3.47 billion to USD 587.68 billion, influenced by changes
in major global currencies.
 Gold reserves also rose significantly by USD 1.58 billion to USD 85.88 billion.
 Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) climbed by USD 102 million to USD 18.67 billion.
 India’s IMF reserve position saw a minor increase of USD 14 million, reaching USD 4.4 billion.
 The rise reflects improved external sector stability and a strong buffer against global financial
volatility.

Retail inflation eases to six-year low of 2.8% in May

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 Retail inflation in India fell to a 75-month low of 2.8% in May 2025, the lowest since February 2019,
mainly due to a sharp decline in food inflation.
 Average inflation for 2025-26 so far stands at 2.99%, the lowest for the initial two months of any fiscal year
since 2017-18.
 Food and beverages inflation eased to 1.5%, marking the seventh consecutive month of decline,
driven by deflation in vegetables, pulses, spices, and meat.
 However, double-digit inflation in edible oils and fruits has partly offset the overall moderation in food
prices.
 Economists anticipate a pause in RBI’s rate cuts, citing already implemented easing measures and a
data-dependent approach going forward.
 Vegetable prices fell by 13.7%, pulses by 8.2%, spices by 2.8%, while edible oils remained a concern
due to import dependence and global price trends.
 The government cut customs duty on crude edible oils from 20% to 10% to mitigate inflation; meanwhile,
housing and intoxicants inflation rose slightly, and clothing-footwear inflation stayed stable at 2.67%.

India’s Poverty Story Transformed

 The World Bank revised the International Poverty Line from $2.15 to $3.00/day (PPP), increasing global
poverty estimates by 125 million, but India emerged positively as a major outlier.
 Using updated consumption data and the Modified Mixed Recall Period (MMRP) method, India showed
a significant poverty reduction, influencing global figures by offsetting 125 million potential additions.
 Under the new $3.00 line, India’s poverty fell to 5.25% in 2022–23, down from 27.12% in 2011–12, while
under the older $2.15 line, it declined to 2.35%.
 The Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) 2023–24 showed a sharp rise in average
monthly per capita expenditure (MPCE): ₹4,122 in rural and ₹6,996 in urban areas.
 The urban-rural consumption gap reduced from 84% to 70%, and consumption inequality (Gini
coefficient) also fell in both rural and urban India.
 All 18 major states recorded MPCE growth, with Odisha and Punjab seeing the highest increases in
rural and urban areas, respectively.
 India’s experience demonstrates how evidence-based governance, improved methodology, and
socio-economic policies can lead to real poverty reduction and enhanced living standards.
Learn Along:
About World Bank
Established: July 7, 1944 Headquarters: Washington, D.C., U.S President: Ajay Banga

India’s Economic Growth 2025

 India’s economy grew by 6.5% in FY 2024–25, driven by strong agriculture and a thriving services
sector, despite weak industrial activity and urban consumption.
 Private capital expenditure remains stagnant, and household financial stress and a negative credit
impulse further challenge domestic demand.
 Global uncertainties, including US tariffs and geopolitical tensions, pose risks but may also open
opportunities through trade diversions and supply chain shifts.
 Government reforms like GST, corporate tax cuts, and the insolvency code have improved macro
fundamentals, but have not yet triggered private investment revival.
 Capital formation has remained stagnant at 25% of GDP, with factory capacity at only 75% utilization,
raising concerns over sectoral concentration risks.
 While the RBI has reduced interest rates to boost credit, its room for further action is limited; fiscal
measures are also nearing their limits.
 Long-term growth projections remain at 6.5% annually, but this may fall short of the 8 million jobs/year
needed until 2030, highlighting the need for investment in education and skills.

SBI Pays Rs 8,076.84 Crore Dividend To Government For FY 2024-25

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 State Bank of India (SBI) paid a dividend of ₹8,076.84 crore to the Government of India for the financial
year 2024–25, with Chairman C.S. Setty handing over the cheque to Finance Minister Nirmala
Sitharaman.
 Despite a 10% drop in standalone net profit to ₹18,643 crore in Q4 FY25, SBI's total income rose to
₹1,43,876 crore from ₹1,28,412 crore in the same period last year.
 SBI declared a dividend of ₹15.90 per equity share and approved raising up to ₹25,000 crore in equity
capital in FY26 through QIP, FPO, or other means.
 The bank earned interest income of ₹1,19,666 crore, up from ₹1,11,043 crore a year ago.
 SBI’s asset quality improved, with gross NPAs falling to 1.82% and net NPAs to 0.47% in Q4 FY25.
 On a consolidated basis, SBI’s net profit declined by 8% to ₹19,600 crore, though total income increased
to ₹1,79,562 crore.
 The dividend and capital plans reflect SBI’s continued financial strength and strategic focus despite
short-term profit declines.
Learn Along:
About SBI
Founded: 1 July 1955 Headquarters: Mumbai chairman: C. Sreenivasa Shetty

Centre reduces Basic Custom duty (BCD) on major imported Crude edible Oils from 20% to 10%

 The Central Government reduced the Basic Customs Duty (BCD) on crude edible oils (sunflower,
soybean, and palm) from 20% to 10%, raising the duty differential with refined oils to 19.25%.
 This move aims to lower retail prices, ease inflationary pressure, and correct the impact of the
September 2024 duty hike and rising global prices.
 The policy is designed to encourage domestic refining, reduce refined oil imports, and support fair
compensation for farmers.
 The lower import duty reduces the landed cost of crude oils, which should lead to decreased Maximum
Retail Prices (MRPs).
 Industry associations have been advised to pass on the benefit to consumers and share weekly MRP
updates with the government.
 A meeting was held under the Secretary, Department of Food and Public Distribution, to ensure
prompt industry compliance.
 The revised structure is expected to revitalize domestic refining, particularly of Crude Palm Oil, and
strengthen price stability.
 This intervention is crucial to control food inflation and ensure a level playing field for domestic refiners.

World Bank cuts India FY26 growth forecast

 The World Bank has reduced India’s growth forecast for FY 2025–26 to 6.3%, down from 6.7%
projected in January 2025.
 The cut is attributed to slower export and investment growth, mirroring a global forecast reduction to
2.3%.
 This revision appears in the June 2025 Global Economic Prospects report released in Washington.
 The new estimate is lower than the RBI’s 6.5% forecast announced in its June 6 monetary policy.
 Despite the downgrade, India is expected to remain the fastest-growing major economy globally.
 The report reflects global economic uncertainty and highlights challenges to India’s external sector.
Learn along:
About World Bank
Established: July 7, 1944 Headquarters: Washington, D.C., U.S. President: Ajay Banga

Govt sets up task force to boost textile exports

 The Indian government has set up a new task force to boost textile exports, focusing on removing
sector-specific bottlenecks such as regulatory hurdles, cost competitiveness, and limited export
credit.

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 Commerce Secretary Sunil Barthwal will chair the task force, with members from the Commerce
Ministry, Textiles Ministry, DGFT, export councils, and industry associations.
 In its first meeting, the task force agreed to create issue-specific subgroups, led by relevant ministries
and industry stakeholders.
 These subgroups will deliver actionable recommendations to address challenges in the textile value
chain.
 Key issues discussed included improving ESG infrastructure, adopting renewable energy, and
complying with the EU's Deforestation Regulation (EUDR).
 Other concerns included enhancing e-commerce for exports, labour reforms, productivity through
cost control, and branding and skilling.
 The initiative aligns with India's goal to strengthen trade partnerships and enhance its global textile
export competitiveness.

Maharashtra, Karnataka account for 51% of FDI in India in FY25: Govt

 Maharashtra and Karnataka together accounted for 51% of India’s total FDI inflows in FY 2024–25,
according to DPIIT data.
 Maharashtra led with $19.6 billion, forming 31% of the total FDI, while Karnataka received $6.62
billion.
 Other major recipients included Delhi ($6 billion), Gujarat ($5.71 billion), Tamil Nadu ($3.68 billion),
Haryana ($3.14 billion), and Telangana ($3 billion).
 Experts attribute this trend to significant infrastructure improvements in Maharashtra and Karnataka,
making them attractive for investors.
 Total FDI inflows rose by 14% to $81.04 billion, the highest in the past three years, up from $71.3
billion in 2023–24.
 The FDI figure includes equity inflows, reinvested earnings, and other capital, reflecting a strong
investment climate in India.

Rice output may hit record 151 million tonnes in 2025-26 season: USDA

 India’s rice production for the 2025-26 crop year is

projected to reach a record 151 million tonnes, according
to the USDA, surpassing China’s 146 MT.
 This rise is driven by the early monsoon onset, abundant
rainfall, and a higher MSP announced by the government.
 The IMD forecast predicts 106% of Long Period Average
rainfall, supporting better yields, especially across most
regions except parts of Northeast India.
 The government’s own estimate for 2024-25 rice output
stands at 149 MT, showing a consistent upward trend.s
 Rice exports from India are also expected to hit a new high
of 25 million tonnes in 2025-26, up from 24 MT projected
earlier.
 The USDA has also raised India’s wheat production
estimate to 117.5 million tonnes for 2024-25.
 The modest 3% MSP hike for paddy, the lowest in five years, reflects the current surplus stock in
government granaries.
SEBI and FINANCIAL AWARENESS
SEBI set to introduce dedicated UPI handle for intermediaries

 SEBI will introduce a validated UPI handle “@valid” for investor-facing intermediaries to enhance
payment security and prevent fraud.

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 The new system will be effective from October 1, 2025, following consultations with NPCI and other
stakeholders.
 A thumbs-up symbol inside a green triangle will confirm valid transactions, aiding non-English
speaking users.
 Around 8,000 to 9,000 intermediaries like brokers, bankers, research analysts, and investment advisors
must shift to this handle.
 Existing SIPs will remain unaffected, ensuring continuity for current investors.
 The old UPI IDs will be phased out from December 11, 2026, according to SEBI’s circular.
 This move is aimed at streamlining digital payments and reinforcing investor trust in financial
transactions.
Learn Along:
About SEBI
Formed: April 12, 1988 Headquarters: Mumbai Chairperson: Tuhin Kanta Pandey

In a first, Centre caps MGNREGS spend at 60% for first six months of FY 2025-26

 For the first time, the Finance Ministry has capped MGNREGS spending at 60% of its annual allocation
for the first half of FY 2025–26, under the Monthly/Quarterly Expenditure Plan (MEP/QEP).
 This cap restricts spending to ₹51,600 crore out of the total ₹86,000 crore, potentially affecting
employment generation due to pending liabilities of over ₹21,000 crore from the previous year.
 MGNREGS, previously demand-driven, had been exempt from fixed spending limits; the Rural
Development Ministry’s proposal for a higher cap was rejected.
 The scheme has approved a labour budget of 198.86 crore persondays, with 67.11% planned for the
first half of the year.
 As of June 8, 2025, only ₹24,485 crore (28.47% of the total) has been released, raising concerns about
timely wage payments and project execution.
 Officials have questioned the delay in wage clearance despite the MGNREGA Act, 2005 mandating
payment within 15 days.
 MGNREGS has seen a declining trend in family participation since 2020–21, when it became a vital
Covid-era rural safety net.

Ujjivan Small Finance Bank Limited Launches ‘Ujjivan Rewardz’ for Its Resident Savings Account
Holders

 Ujjivan Small Finance Bank (SFB) has launched Ujjivan Rewardz, a multi-tier loyalty program to
enhance customer engagement through digital transactions.
 The program offers reward points for activities like account opening, bill payments, and
UPI/NEFT/RTGS transactions, which can be redeemed for vouchers across lifestyle, travel, and
entertainment.
 Partnering with AdvantageClub.ai, Ujjivan aims to provide personalized and attractive benefits, with
points valid for two years and a low minimum spend threshold.
 The initiative supports Ujjivan SFB’s goals of digital and financial inclusion, while also strengthening its
CASA base and fostering long-term customer loyalty.
 Ujjivan SFB, operating since 2017, serves over 95 lakh customers across 753 branches, with a loan
book of ₹32,122 crore and deposits of ₹37,630 crore as of March 2025.
 The bank holds AA- (Stable)/A1+ credit ratings and continues to serve underserved segments through
its mass-market banking model and digital platforms.
Learn Along:
About Ujjivan SFB
Headquarters: India Founded: 1 February 2017 MD and CEO: Sanjeev Nautiyal

ADB approves $109.97 million loan to boost employability in Gujarat

 The Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved a $109.97 million loan to support Gujarat’s vision of
becoming a global industrial hub by building a future-ready workforce.

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 The Gujarat Skills Development Programme, led by the Labour Department and Kaushalya: The
Skill University (KSU), aims to deliver industry-aligned, advanced training.
 It focuses on transforming the technical and vocational education (TVET) system through institutional
strengthening and technology-integrated courses.
 The programme targets seven high-growth sectors: logistics, automotive, manufacturing, IT,
renewable energy, healthcare, and agri-tech.
 Plans include upgrading 11 mega ITIs, setting up centres of excellence, and forming public-private
training partnerships under a hub-and-spoke model.
 Courses will be co-developed with industry input to ensure alignment with current job market demands
and emerging trends.
 The initiative aims to serve as a replicable model for skill development across other Indian states.
Learn Along:
About ADB
Formation: 19 December 1966 Headquarters: Manila, Philippines President: Masato Kanda

NABARD and AGRICULTURE

In a first, satellite tech use for kharif crop estimates from Sep

 The first advance estimates for kharif acreage in 2024 will be released in September using satellite-
based data, replacing the traditional manual girdawari system.
 Pilot studies show the satellite method has an accuracy of 93–95%, significantly higher than manual
estimation.
 The Ministry of Agriculture is fully digitising crop area estimation across all districts, aiming for greater
accuracy and stability in agricultural statistics.
 The outdated girdawari system, where village accountants record crop details, often misses new and
diversified crops like berries, avocados, dragon fruit, and kiwi.
 Satellite data will allow estimation for both traditional crops (like rice, maize, jowar) and emerging
horticultural crops.
 A Digital Crop Survey (DCS) was conducted in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Odisha
during kharif 2024, covering 100% of districts.
 The digital approach has already led to an increase in reported rice area, especially in Uttar Pradesh.
 This shift marks a significant technological leap in India's efforts to improve agricultural data accuracy
and policy planning.

NABARD gets govt. nod for deep-discount debt issue

 NABARD has received central government approval to raise up to ₹19,500 crore through deep-
discount bonds.
 These are zero-coupon bonds that will mature in 10 years, 11 months, and 13 days, with issuance
allowed until March 2027.
 Deep-discount bonds are issued at a 20%-25% discount to face value and do not offer regular interest
payments.
 The bonds are redeemed at full face value upon maturity, providing returns through capital appreciation.
 The move will help NABARD mobilize long-term funds for rural and agricultural development projects.
 NABARD has not issued any official comment on the fundraising plan as per the latest government
document.
Learn Along:
About NABARD
Formation: 12 July 1982 Headquarters: Mumbai Chairman: Shaji K V

National Conference on Agri Stack: Turning Data into Delivery

 The Ministry of Agriculture organized a National Conference on Agri Stack to discuss progress and
roadmap under the Digital Agriculture Mission (DAM).

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 Officials stressed linking Farmer Registries with digital land records and using Aadhaar seeding for
accurate farmer identification.
 Key features include integration of Farmer ID with schemes like PM-KISAN, PMFBY, and KCC, along
with new tools like Digitally Verifiable Certificates (DVCs).
 MoUs were signed with Maharashtra, Kerala, Bihar, and Odisha, enabling seamless access to credit
via Farmer Registry authentication.
 A funding of ₹6,000 crore was announced: ₹4,000 crore for Farmer Registry, ₹2,000 crore for Digital
Crop Survey, on a first-come-first-served basis.
 States like Maharashtra, UP, and Karnataka shared digital innovations such as AI sandboxes,
integration with MSP procurement, and FRUITS-banking linkage.
 New tech tools like an AI-powered chatbot, remote sensing, and a grievance redressal portal were
introduced to enhance farmer services and transparency.
NATIONAL
India abstains from Gaza ceasefire resolution in UNGA for the fourth time in three years

 India abstained from a UNGA resolution on Gaza ceasefire for the fourth time in three years, reflecting
a shift in its stance towards not opposing Israel openly.
 In contrast, India had supported a ceasefire resolution in December 2024, making the latest abstention
a notable policy reversal.
 The vote occurred during EAM S. Jaishankar’s visit to France, where India is being encouraged to join
a UN conference on the Two-State solution.
 There is no confirmation yet on India’s participation in the June 17-20 conference, despite France and
Saudi Arabia co-hosting it.
 The US has warned countries against supporting Palestine recognition, though India recognised
Palestine in 1988.
 The resolution, backed by 149 of 180 countries, was introduced by Spain and emphasized protection
of civilians; India was among 19 abstentions, and the only one from South Asia, BRICS, or SCO.
 India cited humanitarian concerns but maintained its consistent abstention from past resolutions
critical of Israel's actions in Gaza.
Learn Along:
About UN
Headquarters: New York City Secretary‑General: António Guterres Founded: 24 October 1945

“Empower Citizens, Expose Corruption”- Lokpal of India adopts a new motto

 The Full Bench of Lokpal of India has adopted a new Motto replacing the old one.
 The Logo with the new Motto of Lokpal of India, is as under: -

India’s first e-waste recycling park to be built in Delhi

 Delhi government is developing India’s first e-waste eco park in Holambi Kalan, North Delhi.
 The project will follow the DBFOT model on a Public Private Partnership (PPP) basis for 15 years.

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 The Delhi State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation (DSIIDC) will float a global
tender to attract top green technology partners.
 The park will cover 11.4 acres and process up to 51,000 tonnes of e-waste from 106 categories listed in
the E-Waste Management Rules, 2022.
 It is one of four such parks planned across India and is projected to generate over ₹350 crore in
revenue.
 The facility aims to promote a circular economy, ensuring resource efficiency and inclusion of
workers.
 The project is targeted for completion in 18 months.

Union Minister Kiren Rijiju Unveils UMEED Portal for Transparent Waqf Property Management

 The Union government launched the UMEED portal, a centralized platform to digitally register and
manage all Waqf properties across India, aiming to ensure transparency, accountability, and efficient
utilization.
 Developed by the Ministry of Minority Affairs, the portal assigns a 17-digit unique ID to each property
and integrates GIS mapping, e-Governance tools, and a public grievance redressal system.
 All Waqf properties must be registered within six months, failing which unregistered ones will be marked
as disputed and referred to the Waqf tribunal.
 The system includes a three-tier verification process involving a Maker (mutawalli), Checker (district
officer), and Approver (State/UT Waqf CEO).
 Registration mandates official ownership documents, geotagged details, and checks if land lies on
government property, preventing inclusion of illegal/encroached lands.
 The portal is a part of implementing the Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025, despite pending Supreme Court
petitions challenging its constitutionality.
 The move is expected to benefit poor Muslims, especially women, children, and economically weaker
sections, aligning with the goal of fair and effective Waqf asset use.

Army Chief Gen Upendra Dwivedi Reviews Troop Readiness in Uttarakhand, Launches Ibex Tarana
88.4 FM

 Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi visited forward posts in Garhwal, Uttarakhand, to assess the
operational and administrative readiness of the deployed forces.
 General Dwivedi inaugurated Ibex Tarana 88.4 FM, a community radio station in Jyotirmath, aimed at
promoting local culture, education, and disaster preparedness.
 The station will broadcast programmes on employment, health, tourism, traditional arts, and more,
acting as a platform for community engagement.
 In his inaugural podcast, the Army Chief highlighted the station’s role in empowering youth and
preserving cultural heritage.
 He also honoured distinguished veterans with the Veterans Achievement Award for their
contributions to nation-building.
 The visit reflects the Army’s focus on operational vigilance, community connection, and social
development.

India’s First Underwater Museum and Artificial Coral Reef to Be Developed Around INS Guldar in
Maharashtra

 India’s first underwater museum and artificial coral reef will be created using the decommissioned
warship INS Guldar near Nivati Rocks, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra.
 The project aims to promote marine conservation and tourism, offering scuba diving and future
submarine tours.
 Supported by the central government, the Union Tourism Ministry has sanctioned ₹46.91 crore for its
development.

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 INS Guldar, a 1,120-ton warship, was decommissioned in January 2024 and handed over to the
Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation.
 Environmental cleaning of the ship is complete, and it will soon be scuttled at the site to initiate coral
reef formation.

PM begins 3 nation tour from Cyprus

 Prime Minister Narendra Modi began a three-nation tour to Canada, Cyprus, and Croatia, marking
his first international visit after the Pahalgam terror attack and India's missile strikes in Pakistan.
 At the G7 summit in Canada, PM Narendra Modi is expected to discuss global issues like the Russia-
Ukraine war, Iran-Israel conflict, energy security, AI, and quantum technology, and may meet US
President Donald Trump.
 The visit may help reset India-Canada ties, focusing on Khalistani extremism and enhanced
intelligence sharing.
 In Cyprus, He will strengthen bilateral ties, discuss the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor,
and signal opposition to Türkiye’s pro-Pakistan stance.
 Cyprus is a key EU partner and one of India’s top 10 investors, with $14.65 billion in cumulative FDI.
 PM Narendra Modi’s stop in Croatia marks the first-ever Indian PM visit, focusing on cooperation in
defence, trade, and agriculture.
 The tour also aims to mobilize global support against terrorism and emphasize India’s role in global
governance, especially for the Global South.

INTERNATIONAL
Nepal starts exporting 40 MW of electricity to Bangladesh via Indian grid

 Nepal has started exporting 40 MW of electricity to Bangladesh via the Indian transmission line,
beginning June 15, 2025.
 This follows a trilateral agreement signed on October 3, 2024 between Nepal, India, and Bangladesh.
 The electricity will be transmitted through India’s 400-kV Muzaffarpur-Baharampur-Bheramara line.
 Nepal will export power to Bangladesh until November 15, at a rate of 6.4 US cents per unit.
 Bangladesh has agreed to import electricity from Nepal for five years under this arrangement.
 The move marks a strengthening of regional energy cooperation and follows a symbolic one-day
export in 2024.
 The initiative boosts Nepal’s hydropower economy and supports Bangladesh’s energy needs through
regional collaboration.
Learn Along:
About Nepal
Capital: Kathmandu Currency: Nepalese Rupee
About Bangladesh
Capital: Dhaka Currency: Bangladeshi Taka

Pakistan secures key roles in UNSC committees

 Pakistan has been appointed as Chair of the 1988 Taliban Sanctions Committee, Vice Chair of the
1373 Counter-Terrorism Committee, and Co-Chair in two informal UNSC working groups for 2025-26.
 These roles are part of the procedural structure of the UNSC, where non-permanent members typically
chair subsidiary bodies, as permanent members avoid chairing sanctions committees to prevent
conflicts of interest.
 While these positions reflect Council confidence, they carry limited substantive powers; decisions
still require Council consensus, and Pakistan cannot unilaterally add or remove names from sanctions
lists.
 The CTC is a technical body focused on capacity-building, not on sanctions or terrorism investigations,
limiting any direct harm to India's counter-terror efforts.

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 Historically, Pakistan has used such platforms to block Indian proposals (e.g., with China’s help in the
1267 Committee), but its direct influence remains minimal.
 The greater concern for India may arise in July 2025, when Pakistan assumes the rotational UNSC
Presidency, potentially using it to raise Kashmir-related narratives.
 India’s challenge lies in the structural weaknesses of the UN system and the consensus model, which
often limits action on terrorism, rather than in Pakistan’s current UNSC roles.
Learn Along:
About Pakistan
Capital : Islamabad Currency: Pakistani rupee

Capgemini to set up GCC in India for Dai-ichi of Japan

 Capgemini and Dai-ichi Life Holdings have signed a multi-year agreement to establish a Global
Capability Centre (GCC) in India.
 The partnership aims to boost Dai-ichi Life Group’s digital transformation and strengthen its in-house
digital capabilities.
 Capgemini will leverage its global delivery expertise, especially in Japan and Asia-Pacific, to support
the transformation.
 The focus areas include data analytics, artificial intelligence, and cybersecurity enhancement.
 The initiative will also work on streamlining operations and improving the customer experience.
 This collaboration is aligned with Dai-ichi Life’s goal of achieving innovation and operational efficiency
at a global scale.
Learn Along:
About Japan
Capital: Tokyo Currency: Japanese yen

India unlikely to ratify ‘High Seas Treaty’ at U.N. Ocean Conference

 India is unlikely to ratify the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) or High Seas Treaty
at the ongoing UN Ocean Conference in Nice, France.
 Although India signed the treaty in September 2024, ratification requires amendments to laws like the
Biological Diversity Act, likely after the Monsoon Session.
 So far, 49 countries have ratified the treaty; 60 ratifications are needed for it to come into legal force.
 A major challenge is the equitable sharing of marine resources in the high seas, which are beyond
national jurisdiction.
 Union Minister Jitendra Singh mentioned India is in the process of ratifying, while also showcasing
progress on Samudrayaan, India’s manned deep-sea mission.
 India promoted initiatives like the ban on single-use plastics, $80 billion Blue Economy investment,
and launched the SAHAV digital ocean portal.
 The country reaffirmed its support for a Global Plastics Treaty, underlining its leadership in marine
conservation.
Learn Along:
About High Seas Treaty
 It is formally called the Agreement on Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas
Beyond National Jurisdiction. In short, known as BBJN or High Seas Treaty.
 It is a new international legal framework under UNCLOS for maintaining the ecological health of the oceans.
 The treaty was negotiated in 2023 and is meant to reduce pollution, and promote the conservation and
sustainable use of biodiversity and other marine resources in ocean waters outside the national jurisdiction of any
country.

Operation Rising Lion: Israel launches strikes on Iran

 Israel launched a major airstrike on Iran, targeting nuclear facilities, missile factories, and killing over
20 senior military commanders and six nuclear scientists, including top officials like Hossein Salami
and Mohammad Bagheri.

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 The operation, involving 200 Israeli fighter jets, was described as a phased and possibly prolonged
campaign, with Natanz nuclear site reported heavily damaged.
 Donald Trump claimed Iran ignored his 60-day ultimatum and warned of more brutal attacks unless a
nuclear deal is made.
 Iran retaliated by launching 100 drones, most of which were intercepted; President Pezeshkian and
Supreme Leader Khamenei vowed a powerful response.
 The strikes led to the closure of airspace over Israel, Iran, Iraq, and Jordan, disrupting thousands of
flights and shutting Tel Aviv airport.
 Israel shut its embassies, suspended consular services, and warned citizens abroad to avoid displaying
Jewish symbols.
 Despite attacks, Iran’s oil facilities remain operational, but crude prices surged 8%, raising fears of a
regional oil crisis.
 The Strait of Hormuz remains open, but merchant ships are avoiding the Gulf region amid rising security
risks.
Learn Along:
About Iran
Capital: Tehran Currency: Iranian Rial
About Israel
Capital: Jerusalem Currency: New shekel

STATES
AAP-led Punjab launches revolutionary Udyog Kranti to boost industrial growth

 The Punjab government launched the Punjab Udyog Kranti, a first-of-its-kind initiative aimed at
revolutionizing the industrial ecosystem through simplified and time-bound approvals.
 12 major reforms were introduced, including a 45-day deemed approval system for all industrial
clearances via the Fast-track Punjab portal.
 The portal offers a true single-window system, where applications are processed digitally, and if delayed,
automatic approvals are generated with legal validity.
 A self-certification system for building plans and structural stability has been introduced to reduce
dependency on limited government empanelled experts.
 Punjab also became the first state to launch colour-coded stamp papers for entrepreneurs, enabling
faster clearance after a single stamp paper purchase.
 Within 15 days of purchasing the stamp paper, investors will receive all required permissions,
encouraging swift industrial setup.
 The initiative promotes ease of doing business and is being viewed as a model for other Indian states
seeking industrial reform.
Learn Along:
About Punjab
Capital: Chandigarh Chief minister: Bhagwant Mann Governor: Gulab Chand Kataria

Bodoland council in Assam launches land settlement mission

 A mission to secure land rights for 47,000 indigenous landless families was launched in Assam’s
Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR).
 The region is governed by the Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), which has 46 seats, with polls
expected by October.
 The initiative, Mission Bwiswmuthi 2.0, reflects a comprehensive reform agenda to uphold land and
human dignity.
 It ensures land rights for all bona fide BTR citizens, regardless of caste, community, or historical
background.
 The mission covers settlement of government lands, grazing reserves, and land for individual special
cultivators.
 Beneficiaries also include NGOs, self-help groups, and cooperative societies engaged in cultivation.

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 The effort is led by Pramod Boro, Chief Executive Member of the BTC, aiming for inclusive land
ownership.
Learn Along:
About ASSAM
Capital: Dispur Chief minister: Himanta Biswa Sarma Governor: Lakshman Acharya

Arunachal declares 2025-35 as ‘decade of hydropower’

 The Arunachal Pradesh Cabinet declared 2025–2035 as the ‘Decade of Hydropower’ to utilize its
potential of generating 58,000 MW of electricity.
 The initiative includes a supportive policy and regulatory framework to promote industrial ecosystem
development and manage revenue from free power effectively.
 The State will get 12% free power and 1% for local area development from each hydropower project,
with expected ₹4,525 crore in annual revenue by 2035.
 An escrow account will be created to ensure strategic use of power proceeds for sustainable growth
and financial planning.
 The Cabinet stressed consensus-building for the controversial Siang Upper Multipurpose Project
(SUMP), a 11,000 MW national project critical to national security.
 A committee will ensure fair compensation and rehabilitation for affected families in Siang, East Siang,
and Upper Siang districts.
 Plans for alternate towns (New Yingkiong and New Geku) and a necklace road survey along the Siang
River were also approved.
Learn Along:
About Arunachal Pradesh
Capital: Itanagar Chief minister: Pema Khandu Governor: Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik

Union Minister Dr L. Murugan inaugurates NeVA Digital Platform for Puducherry Legislative
Assembly

 The Minister highlighted India’s achievements, including becoming the second-largest digital
transaction nation and efficient welfare delivery via Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT).
 Under Atmanirbhar Bharat, India saw a 50% reduction in defence imports, reflecting technological
progress.
 Infrastructure development and social capital were identified as key pillars for achieving Viksit Bharat
by 2047.
 The NeVA (National e-Vidhan Application) was launched to digitise legislative functioning and
enable live-streaming of proceedings for transparency.
 The move supports Digital India, Go Green, and Good Governance, aiming to save 3–5 tonnes of
paper annually.
 Training and awareness campaigns for legislators and staff will ensure smooth adoption of NeVA's
features.
 NeVA, under the Digital India programme, promotes paperless, citizen-centric, and efficient
legislative processes.

Bihar CM inaugurates Bikram solar energy project

 Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar inaugurated a 2 MW canal-side solar project at Bikram Lock Canal
in Patna, promoting renewable energy under the Jal-Jeevan-Hariyali mission.
 The project, developed with no cost to the state, will supply power at ₹3.10 per unit for 25 years through
a pact with a private firm.
 Built on land owned by the Water Resources Department, it aims to provide clean and affordable
energy to nearby residents.
 The initiative supports Bihar’s goal of cheap, reliable, and uninterrupted power to every household.

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 The project is a model for future green energy developments in Bihar, aligning with the state's
sustainability goals.
Learn Along:
About Bihar
Capital: Patna Chief minister: Nitish Kumar Governor: Arif Mohammad Khan

Maharashtra to launch geo-tagged 13-digit infra IDs from Oct 1

 From October 1, 2025, the Maharashtra government will assign unique 13-digit alphanumeric IDs to
all infrastructure development projects.
 These IDs will serve as the primary reference number post-administrative approval and will be geo-
tagged to ensure precise tracking.
 The ID format includes state code, sanction year, scheme code, district code, asset type, and a serial
number, ensuring standardization.
 The Infra ID portal is now active and will provide transparent information on all projects, helping prevent
duplication and financial losses.
 Monitoring and management will be conducted via the MRSAC platform, enhancing oversight through
remote sensing and GIS tools.
 A four-member committee including top state officials finalized the ID format and framework for
implementation.
 This move aims to improve transparency, efficiency, and accountability in Maharashtra’s infrastructure
development.
Learn Along:
About Maharashtra
Capital: Mumbai Chief minister: Devendra Fadnavis Governor: C. P. Radhakrishnan

Kerala’s Vithoot Afforestation Programme

 The Kerala Forest Department launched ‘Vithoot’, an innovative afforestation project involving aerial
seed ball distribution, to mark World Environment Day and address human-wildlife conflict.
 ‘Vithoot’, meaning ‘seed shower’, promotes ecological restoration through community participation,
especially involving students in seed preparation and distribution.
 The project integrates modern technology like drones and helicopters, with support from the Air Force,
to improve operational efficiency and ecological reach.
 Seeds are selected based on site-specific suitability and undergo quality control, initially focusing on
indigenous species with future plans for endemic and endangered varieties.
 The programme aims to create microclimates, improve water security, support wildlife food sources,
and rehabilitate areas affected by wildfires and landslides.
 Experts have raised concerns about non-native species disrupting local ecosystems and the limited
effectiveness of seed balls in unsuitable soil or weather conditions.
 Future expansion may include agricultural and non-forest areas, promoting sustainable use of forest
products and strengthening the human-nature relationship.
Learn Along:
About Kerala
Capital: Thiruvananthapuram Governor: Rajendra Arlekar Chief minister: Pinarayi Vijayan

Tamil Nadu Declares Greater Flamingo Sanctuary

 Tamil Nadu has established the Greater Flamingo Sanctuary at Dhanushkodi on World Environment
Day to protect migratory bird habitats and enhance biodiversity.
 Spanning 524.7 hectares, the sanctuary is part of the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve and supports
ecosystems like mangroves and mudflats.
 Located on the Central Asian Flyway, it hosts over 10,700 wetland birds, including Greater and Lesser
Flamingos, and acts as a barrier against coastal erosion.

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 The government also launched the Raptors Research Foundation to protect birds of prey and promote
community awareness.
 The sanctuary supports ecotourism and employment, balancing conservation with community
welfare.
 The 2025–26 budget includes a biodiversity park in Chengam, a Marine Resource Foundation, and
mangrove protection initiatives.
 Additional plans include Blue Flag certification for six beaches, CNG conversion of buses, and
upgraded forest roads for sustainable growth.
Learn Along:
About Tamil Nadu
Capital: Chennai Chief minister: M K Stalin Governor: R. N. Ravi

Bairabi-Sairang Project

 The Commission of Railway Safety (CRS) has approved the Hortoki–Sairang railway line, connecting
Aizawl, Mizoram’s capital, to the Indian Railways network for the first time.
 This segment is part of the 51.38 km Bairabi–Sairang project, which includes 48 tunnels, 55 major
bridges, and a notable 104-metre-high bridge.
 The CRS inspection from June 6–10 cleared the line for public use at a maximum speed of 90 km/h,
following detailed surveys and trials.
 With Aizawl now just 20 km from the new Sairang station, the line significantly improves passenger and
goods movement in Mizoram.
 The project is part of a broader Railway Ministry plan to connect all Northeast state capitals, though
progress in Meghalaya is stalled due to local opposition.
 As of April 2024, ₹74,972 crore has been allocated for 18 railway projects in the Northeast, aiming to
boost economic growth and regional connectivity.
 Out of the 1,368 km sanctioned, 313 km of railway track has already been commissioned, showing
steady progress in regional infrastructure development.
Learn Along:
About Mizoram
Capital: Aizawl Governor: Vijay Kumar Singh Chief minister: Lalduhoma

REPORTS AND INDEXES

India’s population hits 146.39 crore: UNFPA

 India’s Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has declined to 1.9, falling below the replacement level of 2.1,
according to the UN Population Fund’s 2025 report.
 The country’s population, currently at 146.39 crore, is expected to peak at 170 crore in around 40 years
before starting to decline.
 India is now the world’s most populous nation, surpassing China’s 141.61 crore.
 About 68% of India’s population is in the working-age group (15-64 years), while 24% are aged 0-14,
and 7% are 65 and older, with elderly numbers expected to increase.
 The TFR indicates that India has attained replacement level fertility, a key demographic milestone.
 Life expectancy is projected to be 71 years for men and 74 for women as of 2025.
 The UN calls the real crisis not overpopulation, but the inability of individuals to achieve their fertility
goals, advocating for reproductive agency.
 The 2021 Census has been delayed and is now scheduled to be completed by March 2027.
Learn Along:
About UN
Founded: 24 October 1945 Headquarters: New York, United States Secretary‑General: António Guterres

The World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report 2025

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 India ranked 131 out of 148 countries in the Global

Gender Gap Report 2025 with a parity score of
64.1%, dropping from 129 last year.
 It remains one of the lowest-ranked countries in
South Asia, performing worse than Bangladesh (rank
24), which showed major improvement in political
empowerment and economic participation.
 The global gender gap has narrowed to 68.8%, the
best progress since the pandemic, but full parity is still
123 years away.
 The Index evaluates parity across four dimensions:
economic participation, educational attainment,
health and survival, and political empowerment.
 India showed progress in economic participation,
improving its subindex score to 40.7%, largely due to a
rise in estimated earned income parity.
 In education, India scored 97.1%, reflecting gains in
literacy and tertiary education enrolment for women.
 Health and survival parity also improved, driven by
better sex ratio at birth and healthy life expectancy.
 However, political empowerment declined for the
second year, with female representation in
parliament dropping to 13.8%.
 Among South Asian countries, Pakistan (148) ranked
the lowest, while Nepal (125), Sri Lanka (130), Bhutan
(119), and Maldives (138) also performed poorly.

‘Targeted policy intervention to boost green mining vehicles’

 A study by the Sustainable Mining Initiative and Deloitte highlights the urgent need for targeted policies
to promote alternative fuel Heavy Earth Moving Machinery (HEMM) in India’s mining sector.
 Adoption is hindered by the high upfront cost of green HEMMs compared to conventional equipment,
making capital subsidies and financing support essential.
 The report suggests incentives like premium rebates, power subsidies, and reduced financing costs
to de-risk early adoption and support long-term scale-up.
 Recommendations include regulatory enablers, infrastructure development, and mandatory
adoption clauses to mainstream cleaner HEMMs.
 By 2035, a sharp rise in HEMM deployment is expected, leading to increased fuel use and CO₂
emissions if clean alternatives are not adopted.
 Transitioning to electric, hybrid, or hydrogen-powered HEMMs is crucial for aligning mining growth with
India’s sustainability and net-zero goals.
 India’s mining equipment market, worth $6.4 billion in 2024, is projected to grow to $11.34 billion by
2033 at a 6.5% CAGR.

Gig workforce in India to grow to 62 mn by 2047: Labour ministry study

 India’s gig and platform workforce is projected to grow to 62 million by 2047, forming 15% of the non-
agricultural workforce, driven by technology and flexible work trends, according to a VVGNLI study.
 Using exponential smoothing models and data from a 2022 NITI Aayog report, the study forecasts a
doubling of gig workers over the next 17 years.
 The sector has expanded from ride-sharing and food delivery to include healthcare, education,
creative services, and professional consulting.

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 In a pessimistic scenario, growth may reach only 32.5 million, but under aspirational conditions, it
could create 90.8 million jobs.
 The study stresses the need for legal recognition, clear classification between workers and contractors,
and rights to unionisation and collective bargaining.
 Many countries like the UK, Canada, and France already offer such recognition, while Indian gig workers
face ambiguity in employment status and social protections.
 Recommendations include ensuring minimum income, fair work hours, algorithmic accountability,
and grievance redressal systems.
 It also proposes a national registry for gig workers, managed jointly by central and state
governments, to enable access to social security and labour rights.

India Inc to double capex to $850 billion in 5 years, says S&P report

 Corporate India’s capex is expected to double to

$850 billion over the next five years, led by sectors like
power & transmission, airlines, and green hydrogen,
according to S&P Global Ratings.
 The top-100 listed companies, with strong operating
cash flows and $150 billion in EBITDA, will fund most
investments internally, keeping debt under control.
 The power & transmission sector alone is set to
receive $300 billion, with key players like NTPC, Tata
Power, and Power Grid Corp leading investments in
renewables and grid infrastructure.
 The Adani Group has announced $20 billion yearly
capex, while the Tata Group plans $120 billion in sectors like airlines and semiconductors.
 Indian airlines, especially Indigo and Air India, are set to invest $75–100 billion in new aircraft, with
most funding coming through leasing arrangements.
 Traditional sectors such as steel, cement, oil & gas, and auto will contribute around $250 billion, largely
using internal accruals for capacity expansion.
 Emerging sectors like green hydrogen, semiconductors, and battery plants may attract $50–100
billion, requiring significant external debt support.
 The onshore bond market and financial institutions like PFC and REC are expected to provide up to
$200 billion in funding, especially for the power sector.
 If well executed, the capex wave could make Indian companies global leaders in sectors like power,
aviation, and cement, though execution and market risks remain high.
 S&P views this capex surge as a strategic move to enhance India’s industrial scale and
competitiveness in the global economy.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

India Hosts ITU FG-AINN Meeting to Advance AI-Native Telecom Networks

 The third meeting of ITU-T Focus Group on AI-Native Telecommunication Networks (FG-AINN) was
inaugurated in New Delhi, organized by TEC, the technical arm of DoT.
 AI-Native Networks (AI-NN) mark a fundamental shift in telecom design, enabling intelligent
orchestration under 3GPP standards, as emphasized by Mr. Sanjeev Bidwai.
 India showcased key initiatives like ‘Bharat Gen’, the first government-funded AI-based LLM for Indian
languages, and AI-based automation projects by IITs and C-DOT.
 Ethical deployment of AI with explainability, digital sovereignty, and updated regulatory frameworks
was highlighted as essential.
 India sought global support for hosting the ITU Plenipotentiary Conference 2030, council membership
(2027–2031), and Ms. M. Revathi’s candidacy for ITU Radiocommunication Bureau Director.

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CAQM, CSIR-CRRI, SPA sign MoU to reduce dust pollution via urban road redevelopment

 The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) signed a tripartite MoU with CSIR-CRRI and
SPA New Delhi to combat road dust pollution in the Delhi-NCR region.
 The collaboration focuses on implementing a Standard Framework for redevelopment of urban roads,
including paving and greening pathways and sidewalks.
 A Project Monitoring Cell (PMC) will be set up at CAQM to oversee the phased implementation across
nine key cities like Delhi, Gurugram, Noida, and Ghaziabad.
 The framework includes cross-section road design, greening measures, a Web-GIS-based Road
Asset Management System (RAMS), and adoption of new road technologies.
 CSIR-CRRI will contribute expertise in road engineering and asset management, while SPA will support
with sustainable planning and greening.
 A dedicated dashboard will track and monitor redevelopment progress using data-driven methods.
 This initiative is a long-term solution to reduce dust pollution and improve air quality through scientific
and sustainable urban road transformation.

Bengaluru Becomes India’s ‘Leopard Capital’, Surpassing Mumbai

 Bengaluru may now have the largest leopard population among Indian metros, surpassing Mumbai,
with 80–85 leopards identified through a year-long camera-trap survey by Holématthi Nature
Foundation (HNF).
 Of these, 54 leopards were recorded inside Bannerghatta National Park (BNP) and ~30 in surrounding
reserved and private forests.
 The population in BNP has steadily increased from 40 in 2019 to 54 in 2025, attributed to stricter
protection and better prey availability.
 Over 250 camera traps covered 282 sq km, capturing 34 mammal species, including four Endangered
and four Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List.
 Bengaluru is also the only metro where tigers, leopards, dholes, elephants, and gaur still coexist near
urban areas.
 HNF recommends halting leopard translocation into BNP and focusing on community outreach to
manage human–wildlife conflict.
 The findings emphasize the ecological value of Bengaluru's natural habitat and the need for continued
conservation efforts.

BHASHINI and CRIS Sign MoU to Build Next-Gen Multilingual AI Solutions for Indian Railways

 Digital India Bhashini Division (DIBD) and Centre for Railway Information Systems (CRIS) signed an
MoU to integrate multilingual AI solutions into Indian Railways' digital platforms.
 The collaboration will use BHASHINI’s language technologies like ASR, TTS, OCR, and text
translation in systems such as NTES and RailMadad.
 The initiative aims to make railway services accessible in 22 Indian languages, promoting linguistic
inclusion.
 It includes the development of chatbots, voice assistants, and multilingual interfaces for widespread
public use.
 Services will be deployed across websites, mobile apps, kiosks, and call centers, supporting real-time
speech interaction.
 The move supports Digital India’s vision and strengthens India’s global leadership in language AI for
public infrastructure.
 Joint technical workshops and pilot deployments are planned to ensure effective implementation and
scalability.

AviList: First-ever unified global checklist of bird species is now live

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 AviList, the world’s first unified global checklist of bird species, was launched on June 12, 2025, after
four years of collaboration by the Working Group on Avian Checklists.
 It replaces the IOC and Clements lists and includes 11,131 species, 19,879 subspecies, and covers 46
orders, offering a standardized reference for global bird taxonomy.
 Key organizations involved include BirdLife International, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, and the
International Ornithologists’ Union.
 The list aims to eliminate confusion from multiple taxonomies and support better conservation, research,
and data-sharing.
 AviList is expected to improve scientific clarity, guide conservation priorities, and help ensure a
common language among global ornithologists and birders.
 It marks a major step in unifying global efforts for the protection of avian biodiversity.

New species of jumping spider discovered

 A new species of jumping spider, Spartaeus karigiri, was discovered in Devarayanadurga, Karnataka,
by a team led by John Caleb T.D.
 This marks the first record in India of the Spartaeus and Sonoita genera, previously known only from
Southeast Asia and Africa.
 The spiders were found in rocky outcrops, with males
hiding in crevices and females guarding egg clutches.
 Specimens were also recorded in Tamil Nadu’s
Villupuram district, expanding their known range.
 The discovery highlights the intelligent hunting skills
and mimicry behavior of these spiders from the
Salticidae family.
 Sonoita cf. lightfooti, earlier known only in Africa, was
found in Karnataka, raising questions about range
extension or introduction.
 Another species, Marpissa gangasagarensis, was identified as the already known Phaeacius fimbriatus,
correcting a taxonomic error.
DEFENCE
Indian Navy Executes Daring Mid-Sea Salvage Operation on Burning MV Wan Hai 503

 The Indian Navy and Coast Guard carried out a critical rescue and towing operation for the burning
cargo ship MV Wan Hai 503 off the Kerala coast, which caught fire on June 9, 2025 due to a container
explosion.
 Despite rough seas and strong winds, a salvage team was airlifted using a Seaking helicopter and
successfully connected tow ropes to tugs Offshore Warrior, Garnett, and Water Lily.
 The ship, originally 27 nautical miles from shore, was moved to 40 nautical miles by June 14, with towing
limited to 1.5 knots due to bad weather.
 18 crew members were rescued, but 4 remain missing, prompting continued search and safety efforts.
 Multiple vessels including INS Sharda, MV Triton Liberty, and ICG ships Saksham, Samarth, and
Vikram are supporting the towing and firefighting efforts.
 The ICG and Directorate General of Shipping are ensuring the vessel stays at least 50 nautical miles
offshore, in line with international protocols.

India and Mongolia hold joint military exercise to enhance interoperability

 India and Mongolia are conducting the 17th edition of their bilateral military exercise ‘Nomadic Elephant’
in Ulaanbaatar from May 31 to June 13.
 The exercise focuses on counter-terrorism operations, precision sniping, and non-conventional
warfare in semi-urban and mountainous terrain.

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 It is conducted under a UN mandate, aiming to enhance operational capabilities and interoperability

between the two forces.
 Troops are engaging in joint drills, exchanging best practices, and refining tactics to respond to
contemporary security challenges.
 The exercise is held annually, alternating between India and Mongolia; the 2024 edition was held in
Meghalaya.
 A key element includes simulated UN peacekeeping operations, enhancing readiness for real-world
multinational missions.
 Emphasis is also placed on promoting cultural understanding and building camaraderie between the
participating contingents.

Indian Navy, Royal Navy participate in Passage Exercise in North Arabian Sea

 Indian Navy and the UK Royal Navy's Carrier Strike Group participated in a Passage Exercise
(PASSEX) in the North Arabian Sea on June 9–10.
 The Indian Navy deployed INS Tabar (stealth frigate), a submarine, and P8I maritime patrol aircraft.
 The UK side included the HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Richmond.
 The exercise involved tactical manoeuvres, anti-submarine operations, unified helicopter control,
and professional officer exchanges.
 It showcased a shared commitment to maritime security and robust bilateral ties between the two
navies.
 The joint operation reflects deepening cooperation and a focus on a stable maritime environment in
the region.
 The PASSEX served as a platform for strengthening interoperability and fostering mutual
understanding.

Khaan Quest 2025

 The Indian Army has reached Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia to participate in Khaan Quest 2025, a
multinational peacekeeping exercise held from June 14 to 28.
 Originally a bilateral exercise between the U.S. and Mongolia in 2003, Khaan Quest became
multinational in 2006, aiming to enhance UN peacekeeping readiness.
 The Indian contingent includes 40 personnel from the Kumaon Regiment, featuring one woman
officer and two women soldiers, reflecting military inclusivity.
 The exercise covers tactical drills such as checkpoint setups, cordon and search, counter-IED
operations, and casualty evacuation.
 It promotes interoperability, collaboration, and sharing of best practices among international forces
for effective joint operations.
EVENTS
Sri Lanka celebrating Poson Poya, marking arrival of Buddhism over 2000 years ago

 Sri Lanka is celebrating the Poson Poya festival, commemorating the arrival of Buddhism over 2,000
years ago during the June full moon.
 The festival marks the first sermon by Arahat Mahinda, son of Emperor Ashoka, to King
Devanampiyatissa at Mihintale.
 Thousands of devotees have gathered at Mihintale Hill and Anuradhapura, with streets and homes
decorated with paper lanterns.
 The Indian High Commission organized an exhibition on Indian Buddhist heritage at the National
Museum in Colombo.
Learn Along:
About Sri Lanka
Capitals: Colombo, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte Currency: Sri Lankan Rupee

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Yoga Connect 2025

 The Ministry of Ayush will host ‘Yoga Connect’ on 14th June 2025 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, as
a lead-up to the 11th International Day of Yoga (IDY).
 Organized by CCRYN, the summit will follow a hybrid format, bringing together 1,000+ in-person and
global virtual participants.
 Delegates from Bahrain, the USA, UK, and South Korea will participate, reflecting the international
importance of India's yoga movement.
 The summit will unveil the ‘Yoga Prabhava’ report, a decade-long impact assessment of IDY, relevant
for researchers and health professionals.
 Additional releases include an E-book on Yoga’s Decadal Impact, a Scientometric Analysis, and a
booklet on native Indian trees.
 Key sessions will cover themes like Yoga for NCDs, Women’s Health, Yoga-Tech, and Yoga Commerce
and Industry.
 Prominent yoga figures like Swami Ramdev, Acharya Balakrishna, and HR Nagendra will attend,
highlighting India's leadership in global yoga advocacy.

India Marks 10 Years of IDY: Visakhapatnam Chosen as National Host

 Visakhapatnam has been selected as the national host for the 11th International Day of Yoga (IDY),
marking a decade of global celebrations.
 Senior officials from the Ministry of Ayush and Andhra Pradesh government conducted a
comprehensive field review at key venues like RK Beach, Rishikonda Beach, Andhra University, and
GITAM University.
 The event will feature yoga demonstrations, along with cultural, wellness, and educational activities,
aligning with the Prime Minister’s vision of taking yoga to the last mile.
 The “Yogandhra” initiative aims to engage over two crore citizens through yoga camps, mass
awareness drives, and certification of 20 lakh practitioners.
 About five lakh participants are expected in Visakhapatnam, with events planned at one lakh locations
across the state.
 Emphasis was placed on inter-departmental coordination, public mobilization, and security
protocols to ensure smooth execution.
 The initiative reflects India’s commitment to “Yoga for One Earth, One Health”, promoting wellness and
unity globally.

APPOINTMENTS
Organization Name News Learn Along
Fertiliser Association Sailesh C. Mehta, MD of Deepak Fertilizers and Petrochemicals ---
of India Ltd., has been appointed as the new Chairman of the Fertiliser
Association of India (FAI), succeeding N. Suresh Krishnan.
Life Insurance Sat Pal Bhanoo, Managing Director at LIC, has been appointed as the Founded:
Corporation of India interim CEO and MD of the Life Insurance Corporation of India. 1 September
His appointment follows the completion of Siddhartha Mohanty’s 1956
tenure as CEO and MD. Headquarters
Sat Pal Bhanoo will serve in this role from June 08 to September 07, : Mumbai
2025, or until a permanent successor is named.
The appointment has been made by the Government of India to
ensure continuity in LIC’s top leadership.
SBI General Insurance SBI General Insurance has appointed Mohd. Arif Khan as its new ---
Deputy CEO to strengthen its leadership team.
His appointment was officially announced on June 11, 2025, as a step
towards enhancing strategic and operational capabilities.

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The move aligns with the company’s focus on leadership

development and customer-centric insurance solutions.
Maldives tourism  Katrina Kaif has been appointed as the global brand ambassador for ---
Maldives tourism, coinciding with the launch of its summer sale
campaign to boost international tourist inflow.
Yes Bank Prashant Kumar received a six-month extension as MD & CEO of Founded:
Yes Bank by the RBI, effective from October 6, 2025, or until a new 2004
appointment. Headquarters
He was first appointed during Yes Bank’s reconstruction in March : Mumbai
2020, led by RBI and SBI, and got a three-year extension in October
2022.

AWARDS AND REWARDS

Gram Panchayats Shine in Digital Governance: New Category Introduced Under National e-
Governance Awards 2025

 A new category titled “Grassroots Level Initiatives” has been introduced under National Awards for e-
Governance (NAeG) 2025 to honour digital initiatives by Gram Panchayats.
 This first-of-its-kind recognition aims to enhance service delivery, promote citizen-centric governance,
and improve the quality of life at the grassroots.
 Over 1.45 lakh entries were received, and after multi-level evaluation, four Gram Panchayats were
selected as winners.
 Rohini (Maharashtra) won the Gold Award, West Majlishpur (Tripura) won Silver, and Palsana
(Gujarat) and Suakati (Odisha) received Jury Awards.
 The awards include a trophy, certificate, and financial incentives of Rs.10 lakh (Gold) and Rs.5 lakh
(Silver) for public welfare use.
 The award ceremony will take place during the 28th National Conference on e-Governance, jointly
organized by DARPG and MeitY.
 The initiative highlights the growing role of Panchayats in driving digital transformation and transparent
governance.

Alexander Payne to Be Honored at Locarno Film Festival

 Alexander Payne will receive the Honorary Leopard Award (Pardo d’Onore) at the 78th Locarno Film
Festival on August 15, 2025.
 Payne is recognized for his dryly humorous, mid-budget films that explore the human condition,
contributing significantly to 21st-century American cinema.
 His notable works include “Election,” “About Schmidt,” “Sideways,” “Nebraska,” and “The
Holdovers”, earning multiple Academy Awards, BAFTAs, and Golden Globes.
 The festival will run from August 6 to 16, and Payne will also head the main jury at this year’s Venice
Film Festival.

Maharashtra Village Tops in e-Governance Awards, Tripura Takes Second Place

 Rohini Gram Panchayat in Dhule, Maharashtra, won the Gold Award at the National e-Governance
Awards 2025 for its innovative digital service delivery in a tribal area.
 Selected from over 1.45 lakh entries, Rohini was honored in the "Grassroots Level Initiatives" category
for offering 956+ online services including birth and death certificates via WhatsApp and email.
 All services are delivered within 7 working days, in line with the Maharashtra Right to Public Services
Act, ensuring quick, transparent access to government services.
 The initiative enables online fee payments and uses a user-friendly website, helping remote residents
avoid visiting government offices.
 The project showcases digital inclusion in Scheduled Areas, making Rohini a national model for rural
e-governance.

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 The award, presented by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj and DARPG, includes a ₹10 lakh cash prize,
trophy, and official recognition.
 Other winners include West Majlishpur (Tripura) with the Silver Award, and Palsana (Gujarat) and
Suakati (Odisha) with Jury Awards.
 Rohini’s success reflects the transformative potential of e-governance to empower rural and tribal
communities through technology-driven governance.

IMPORTANT DAYS
Day/Week Observance Significance
9th June World Accreditation Day The Quality Council of India (QCI) celebrated World Accreditation
(WAD) 2025 Day (WAD) 2025 on 9th June to highlight the role of accreditation in
trade and economy, with the theme "Accreditation: Empowering
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)".
QCI also launched the revamped NABL Portal and Gunvatta
Samarpan Initiative to enhance digital accreditation access for
MSMEs and promote public commitment to quality standards
June 12 World Day Against Child To raise awareness and call for global action, World Day Against
Labour Child Labour is observed every year on June 12. The day serves as
a reminder of the urgent need to protect children from
exploitation and uphold their rights.
The theme for this year is ‘Progress is clear, but there’s more to do:
let’s speed up efforts!’
14 June World Blood Donor Day On 14 June, the world celebrates World Blood Donor Day, a global
tribute to the millions of voluntary, unpaid blood donors who give
others a second chance at life. Their generosity saves lives,
strengthens communities and embodies the spirit of solidarity.
June 15 Global Wind Day Global Wind Day is observed every year on June 15 to raise
awareness about the power of wind energy and its potential to
reshape the world’s energy systems. This day is observed globally
to highlight the importance of wind as a clean, renewable, and
sustainable source of energy.

OBITUARIES
Name of Person Field Points to Remember
Frederick Forsyth Writer Frederick Forsyth, renowned British thriller writer, died at 86.
He authored over 25 books, including bestsellers like The Day of
The Jackal, The Odessa File, and The Dogs of War, selling 75
million copies globally.
Forsyth served as one of the youngest RAF pilots, later becoming
a foreign correspondent and secret service agent.
His debut novel, The Day of The Jackal, based on a plot to
assassinate Charles de Gaulle, was adapted into a 1973 film and
a recent TV series.
A sequel to The Odessa File, titled Revenge of Odessa, co-
written with Tony Kent, is set to be published in August.
Uriah Rennie Refree Uriah Rennie, the first coloured referee in the Premier League,
passed away at the age of 65.
He officiated over 300 top-flight matches between 1997 and
2008, making a lasting impact on English football.
Rennie was a trailblazer who inspired future generations and
helped shape the football community.
His contribution was remembered by the Sheffield and
Hallamshire County FA, where he also served as chair.

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Name of Person Field Points to Remember

Daji Panshikar scholar and author Daji Panshikar, a renowned scholar and author, passed away at
the age of 92 in Thane, Maharashtra after a brief illness.
He was celebrated for his interpretations of Indian epics like the
Mahabharata, Eknaathi Bhagwat, and Bhavarth Ramayan.
Vijay Rupani Politician Former Gujarat CM Vijay Rupani died in an Air India plane crash
near Ahmedabad, just five minutes after takeoff on a flight bound
for London.
Rupani, who served as CM from 2016 to 2021, is the second
Gujarat CM to die in an air accident after Balwantrai Mehta in
1965.
Salim Akhtar NewsReader The former Urdu newsreader of Akashvani, Salim Akhtar, passed
away in New Delhi. He was 76. Salim Akhtar was associated with
the Urdu unit of the News Services Division of Akashvani for
about 25 years.
Sunjay Kapur Business Sunjay Kapur, 53-year-old businessman and ex-husband of
Karisma Kapoor, died of a heart attack while playing polo in
London on June 12.

BOOKS
Book Title Author/s About the book
Prajala Kathe, Naa Bandaru Dattatreya Former President Ram Nath Kovind praised Haryana
Atma Katha Governor Bandaru Dattatreya as a rare leader with no
enemies in public life. Ram Nath Kovind spoke at the launch of
Dattatreya’s autobiography in Telugu, titled ‘Prajala Kathe,
Naa Atma Katha’. He lauded Dattatreya’s friendliness,
service to the poor, and imprisonment during the
Emergency as signs of his commitment.
Former Vice President Venkaiah Naidu highlighted
Dattatreya’s blend of ideological commitment and integrity.

SPORTS
England's Jos Buttler becomes 4th-highest run-getter in T20Is

 Jos Buttler became the fourth-highest run-scorer in T20I history, surpassing Paul Stirling, with 3,678
runs in 136 matches at an average of 46.76.
 In 2025, Buttler has scored 289 runs in 7 matches at an average of 41.28, with a strike rate of over 143.

M. S. Dhoni among seven players inducted into ICC’s Hall of Fame

 M.S. Dhoni was inducted into the ICC Hall of Fame 2025, becoming the 11th Indian to receive the honour.
 He was joined by Matthew Hayden, Graeme Smith, Hashim Amla, Daniel Vettori, and women cricketers
Sarah Taylor and Sana Mir.
 His ODI records include most stumpings (123), highest score by a keeper (*183), and most matches as
Indian captain (200).
 M.S. Dhoni led India to major victories: T20 World Cup 2007, ODI World Cup 2011, and Champions
Trophy 2013.

Pooran retires from international cricket

 Nicholas Pooran, West Indies’ most capped T20I player, announced his retirement from international
cricket at the age of 29, without citing a reason.

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 Pooran played 106 T20Is, scoring 2275 runs at a strike rate of 136.39, and 61 ODIs, scoring 1983 runs
at an average of 39.66.
 He was a former white-ball captain and a key figure in West Indies' limited-overs formats.
 His retirement came shortly after opting out of the T20I series against England, following a full IPL
season with Lucknow Super Giants.
 Pooran’s last appearance for West Indies was in December 2024 against Bangladesh, and he was
expected to play in the 2026 T20 World Cup.

Priyanka Goswami wins gold in women’s 10km race walk at Austrian Championships

 Priyanka Goswami secured her first win of the season by clinching gold in the women’s 10km race
walk at the Austrian Race Walking Championships in Innsbruck.
 Her main event is the 20km race walk, where she holds the national record of 1:28:45, and her 10km
personal best is 45:47 set in 2022.
 She also finished second in the Athletics Victoria Walking Championships in Melbourne (May),
clocking 2:26:54 in a long-distance event.
 In the men’s 35km race walk in Innsbruck, Sandeep Kumar and Ram Baboo finished second and third,
clocking 2:38:45 and 2:41:47 respectively.

Indonesia Open 2025: Denmark’s Antonsen wins first crown; An downs Wang to clinch title

 Anders Antonsen of Denmark won his first Indonesia Open title, defeating Taiwan’s Chou Tien-chen
22-20, 21-14 in the men’s singles final of the Super 1000 event.
 South Korea’s An Se-young, world number one and 2024 Olympic gold medalist, clinched her
second Indonesia Open title by beating China’s Wang Zhi Yi in three sets.
 In mixed doubles, France’s Thom Gicquel and Delphine Delrue defeated the higher-ranked Thai pair
to win France’s first-ever Super 1000 title.
 The French duo beat Dechapol and Supissara 21-16, 21-18 in 48 minutes, marking a historic win.

Tilak climbs up to third spot in T20I rankings

 Tilak Varma rose to third in the ICC Men’s T20I Batting Rankings with 804 rating points, just behind
Abhishek Sharma.
 Travis Head remains the top-ranked batter, while Suryakumar Yadav slipped to sixth, still among the
top 10.
 In bowling, Varun Chakaravarthy and Ravi Bishnoi retained their third and seventh positions,
respectively.
 Arshdeep Singh also features in the top 10 bowlers, holding 653 points.
 Adil Rashid climbed to second in the bowling chart with 710 points, overtaking Wanindu Hasaranga
and Chakaravarthy.
 Rashid's rise follows his performance in a 3-0 series win over West Indies.
 Hardik Pandya continues to top the T20I all-rounders’ rankings with 252 rating points.
 The rankings reflect strong Indian presence across batting, bowling, and all-rounder categories.
Batting Rankings
Travis Head – 1st
Abhishek Sharma – 2nd
Tilak Varma – 3rd
Suryakumar Yadav – 6th

Bowling Rankings
Adil Rashid – 2nd
Varun Chakaravarthy – 3rd
Ravi Bishnoi – 7th

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Arshdeep Singh – 10th (inferred, as he is in top 10 with

653 points)

All-Rounder Rankings
Hardik Pandya – 1st

Cristiano Ronaldo named Esports World Cup Global ambassador

 Cristiano Ronaldo has been appointed as the Global Brand Ambassador for the Esports World Cup
2025 by the Esports World Cup Foundation (EWCF).
 The partnership aims to expand esports reach beyond traditional audiences by bridging the gap between
sports and competitive gaming.
 Ronaldo will lead the global campaign promoting the EWC’s theme, "Rise Above", and represent
esports athletes’ dedication and excellence.
 He previously collaborated with EWCF in 2023, helping to announce the 2024 EWC and attending its
Closing Ceremony in Riyadh.

Wimbledon announces record $73M prize fund and $4M for singles champions

 Wimbledon 2025 will offer a record prize money of £53.5 million ($73 million), with £3 million ($4
million) each for the men’s and women’s singles champions.
 This is a 7% increase from 2024 and double the prize fund of a decade ago, reflecting growing demands
from players for higher revenue sharing.
 The winners' prize marks an 11.1% jump from last year, while first-round losers will receive £66,000,
a 10% rise.
 Wimbledon 2025 will run from June 30 to July 13, and for the first time, will feature electronic line-
calling, replacing traditional line judges.
WTC 2025 Winner: South Africa Won 3rd Edition of ICC World Test Championship

 South Africa won the ICC World Test Championship Final at Lord's, defeating Australia by five
wickets, ending a 27-year ICC trophy drought since 1998.
 Aiden Markram was named Player of the Match for his match-winning 136, anchoring the chase of 282
runs and falling just before victory.
 The chase concluded on the fourth morning, with Kyle Verreynne hitting the winning shot,
showcasing a complete team effort.
 This historic win reflects South Africa's resilience and marks a turning point after multiple close misses
in ICC knockout games.

Carlos Alcaraz won his fifth Grand Slam title at the French Open

 Carlos Alcaraz won his fifth Grand Slam title at the French Open, matching Rafael Nadal’s tally at the
same age, calling it “destiny”.
 The 22-year-old Spaniard made a historic comeback from two sets down for the first time in his career
against world No. 1 Jannik Sinner.
 Alcaraz triumphed in the longest French Open final in the professional era, with a scoreline of 4-6, 6-
7(4), 6-4, 7-6(3), 7-6[10-2].
 The win highlights Alcaraz’s emergence as Nadal’s claycourt successor and one of the sport’s elite
players.

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Sources of the News:

The Hindu,The Indian Express,Business Standard, The Financial Express ,PIB, etc.

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