ISSN : 2249-5746

International Journal of Ayurvedicand Herbal Medicine 7:4 (2017) 2685–2692

Journal homepage: http://www.interscience.org.uk
DOI: 10.18535/ijahm/v7i4.07
Impact factor: 4.415

Ayurvedic And Modern Therapeutic Aspect Of Lavang Tail

1
Dr. Salve Nilesh , 2 Dr. Gangasagre N. S. , 3 Dr. Pandhare Ravindra , 4 Dr. MirajkarShital ,
5
Dr. PhadkeSukrut
1
PG Scholar, Agadtantra Dept. GAC Osmanabad
2
Prof. & Head of Department AgadtantraDept, GAC Osmanabad.
3
PG Scholar, Agadtantra Dept. GAC Osmanabad Assist Prof, Agadtantra Dept. GAC Osmanabad.
4
Assist. Prof., Agadtantra Dept. GAC Osmanabad.
5
PG Scholar, RasaShastra Dept. GAC Osmanabad.
Corresponding Address-
Dr. Nilesh Salve
PG Scholar, Agadtantra Dept. GAC Osmanabad. Maharashtra -413501
Abstract-
Lavang(Syzygiumaromaticum) has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant properties aswell as anti-
carcinogenic,anti-mutagenic properties. According to Ayurveda lavang has tiktaand katu rasa and sheet
virya. Due tokatu rasa it acts as kaphashamaka andpitta hara, due to sheetaveerya. Therefore, lepa (local
application of paste) of lavang is applied on forehead in pratishyayjanyashirshoola (sinusitis induced
headache). It acts as uttejak (aphrodisiac) in dhvajbhang (erectile dysfunction) due to its tikshnaguna. It
also acts as krumighna(wormicidal) therefore it is used in dantshool (dental carries). In vyadhis (diseases)
like amvaatkatishoolgrudhrasi local application of lavang tail reduces the pain. Due to its tikshnaguna, the
salivary secretion increases and also the fibroblastic activity of mucus membrane ceases. Hence it can be
used in oro-dental conditions like sub mucus fibrosis as it increases fibroclastic activity of cell. Clove
hastwo major chemical components, Euginol and Beta Caryophyllene, which constitute 78% and 13%
respectively. Both have cytotoxic property towards human fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Clove also has
been effective in inhibition of cell proliferation in carcinogenesis.Euginol also helps in inhibition of fungal
growth. The leaves of clove containbetulinic acid, which also has cytotoxic property in certain cancers like
breast cancer. This study aims at the therapeutic use of clove indicated in Ayurvedic literature and research
studies conducted on the same. Comprehension of such literature is need of an hour for further clinical trials.
Keywords – Lavang tail, Chemical constituents, Therapeutic uses
Introduction -
According kalidasa(Ancient Ayurveda Acharya),lavangpushpa (clove flower) are firstly found in
dvipantara i.e. iseland[1]. In Charak and Sushrutsamhita the therapeutic use of lavang indicated with
tambulsevana(betal leaf chewing). It is kaphachhedak and pitta shamak. Thats why it is used in Indian
spices.Lavanghas great antioxidant property. Clove actually means symbol of dignity. It is unopened flower
bud growing on a tree belonging to Myrtaceae family. It is native of Indonesia but now days cultivated in
several part of world. It contains phenolic compounds such as euginol, euginol acetate, gallic acid which are
having great pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses. Clove is beneficial home remedy for several diseases. It
possess antioxidant, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anesthetic, pain
reliving, insect repellent properties.
1.1Aims –Ayurvedic and modern therapeutical aspects of lavang tail

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1.2 Objectives –
1. To collect and analyze the literature review of lavanga
2. To collect and analyze chemical component of lavangand its effect on body
3. To study the therapeutic uses of lavang.

1.3 Methodology
To fulfill the aims and objectives of the study this work has been carried out in the following phase wise
manner.
1. Conceptual study
2. Comparative study
3. Discussion
4. Conclusion and summary
2.1 Clove synonyms -

Sanskrit names-devkusuma, devapuspa, lavanga, sriprasun, chandanpushpak, vaareej,

English names – clove, clovos, caryophyllus, carophyllus
Botanical names – Eugenia caryophyllus, Syzygiumaromaticum.
Family –Myrtaceae
Hindi –lavang, laung
Marathi –lavang
Malayalam –grampu, karayampu
Kannada –krambu, daevakusuma, lavanga
Tamil –kirampu, kiraambu, grambu
Bengali –lavanga
Gujrati –lavang
Oriya-labanga
Urdu-laung
2.2 Phylotaxy of Clove tree-
Height - 30-40 feet in hight,
Leaves-Oval shaped green leaves of 3-6 inch in length
Flowers – Aromatic, Lavender colored
Fruits- Clove like shape, Named as mother clove
Clove buds- In dry form used as spices
2.3 Collection-

After 7-8 years of age there is formation of buds.

Developing clove buds are collected before they get full grown.
2.4 Time of collection-
When clove buds turn pinkish from green color.
A tree yields 2.5 – 4.5 kg clove at one time.
These immature clove buds then dried for 4-5 days in sunlight. And then used.

2.5 Nutritive value of clove [2]-

Content Nutrient value per 100gm
Protein 5.98gm
Fat 20.07gm
Carbohydrate 61.21gm

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Energy 323 kcal

Calcium 646 mg
Phosphrous 105 mg
Iron 8.64 mg
Carotin 84 mcg
Thiamine 0.115 mg
Riboflavin 0.267 mg
Niacin 1.458mg
Folates 93 mcg
Copper 0.347 mg
Magnesium 264 mg
Manganese 30.033 mg
Zinc 1.09 mcg
Potassium 1102 mg
Sodium 243 mg
Vit A 530 IU
Vit C 80.8 mg
Vit E 8.52 mg
Vit K 141.8 mcg

3.1 Ayurvedic properties-

Guna-snigdha, laghu
Rasa-tikta, katu
Vipak-katu
Veerya- sheet
Karma- dosh karma- due to tiktakatu rasa it is kaphashamak, due to its sheet veerya it is pitta shamak

3.2 Local action- Due to its tikshnaguna it is raktotkleshak(blood agrevator), uttejak(stimulant),

krimighna(wormicidal)

3.3 Internal action[3]-

No System Guna Karma

1. Digestive Katu, tikta rasa Deepanpachan(appetizer),ruche vardhan(taste improver)

Teekshaguna Salivary secretion increases

Snigdhaguna Vatanulomak(carminative), shoolprashamak(analgesic)
2. Circulatory Tikta rasa Raktadushtinashan(blood purifier)
3. Respiratory Katutikta rasa Shleshmaputihar(mucolytic)
4. Reproductive Prabhav Vajikaran (aphrodiasic).
Katuvipak Stanyajanan(lactogenic),
5. Excretory Prabhav Mutrajanan (diuretic)
6. Fever Tikta rasa Jwaraghna(antipyretic)

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3.4 Therapeutic uses by Samhitas[4] –#

1. Shirshooljanyapratishyay(sinusitis induced headache)- Local application of lepa on forehead

2. Mukharoga,kantharoga (orodental disorder) – Chewing of clove
3. Aamvata(Rheumatoid Arthritis), katishool(Backache), grudhrasi (Sciatica), vaatvikar(Neurological
Disorder)– Clove oil massage for local pain relief
4. Dantshool(Toothache)- Cotton plug of lavang tail
5. Dhvajbhang (Erectile Dysfuction) – Oil application on penis for aphrodasiac action
6. Aamplapitta(Hyperacidity) – Aampachan , Agni deepan(appetizer) Pitta vidah shanti (Reducing
Burning Sensation), Shoshan of drava pitta.
7. Kaas, shwas, hikka(respiratory disorder)
8. Jwara(Fever) –LavangodakinJwara. Aruchi(Anorexia), Agnimandya(Loss of appetite), Ajeerna
(Dyspepsia),Chhardi(Vomitting),Trushna(Excessive thirst), yakrutvikara (liver disorder)
9. Firang, upadansha(soft chancre) – raktadushtinaash(purification of vitiated rakta)
10. Lavangambu – In visuchika, pipasa(cholera oinducetrushna)[5]
11. Koshnajalapishtvalepa(local application of paste)- In vaatvikara (Neurological Disorder) for pain
relief.

4.1 Chemical compostion of clove-

Clove contains volatile and non volatileconstituents[6]-

4.2 Volatile constituents-#

Clove part Constituent

Bud oil Essential oil - 15-20%
Euginol - 70-85%
Euginol acetate- 15%
Beta caryophyllene - 5-12%
Methylamylketone, Methylsalicylate-responsible for odour of clove
Leaf oil Essential oil – 3.0-4.8%
At different stages of leaf growth euginol content increases from 38.3 to 95.2%
WhereasEuginyl acetate decreases from 51.2 to 1.5 % and caryophyllene from 6.3 to
0.2%
Clove stem Essential oil- 6%
oil Euginol- 80.2%
Beta caryophyllene- 6.6%
Fruit oil Essential oil- 2%
Euginol – 50-55%

4.3 Nonvolatile constituents-

Constituents Percentage
Tannins Tannin 10-13% isolated from clove
Eugenin, ellagitannin isolated from clove
Euginolglucosidegallate, Chromone C-glycoside isolated from leaves

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Syzyginin A, syzyginin B islated from leaves

Triterpenes Clove contains Triterpines and oleanolic acid 2%
Maslinic acid isolated from clove buds
2- alpha hydroxyoleanolic acid isolated from clove

Sterols Sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol

Flavonoids C-glucoside, isobiflorin isolated from ethinolic extract of cloves
Apigenin isolated from ethanol extract of the seeds

4.4 Pharmacological uses-

1. Anti-oxidant activity-Clove has the highest anti-oxidant property. It has inhibitory effect against
hydroxyl radicals and it also act as iron chelator. The anti-oxidant activity ofeuginol and
euginolacetate were comparable with alpha Tocopherol like natural anti-oxidants[7].
2. Anti-microbial activity- Clove posses great antiseptic property. Clove oil is effective against
Styphylococcus species, Aspergillusniger, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Clostridium perfringens, E. Coli and Candida albicans[8]. Euginol is effective against tuberculosis.
3. Anti-viral activity -Eugininalso shows antiviral activity against herpes virus at a concentration of 10
mcg/ml[9]
4. Anti-inflamatory-Euginol functions as Anti-inflammatory agent. Clove contains large number of
flavonoids such as Beta caryophyllene, Rhamnetin which initiate clove’s anti-inflammatory and anti-
oxidant properties[10]
5. Antipyretic –Euginol, main component of clove oil reduces fever through a central action similar to
that of acetaminophen.[11]
6. Anti-carcinogenic- It is found that, aqueous infusion of clove reduces lung carc-inogenesis strain in
mice. it significantly reduces number of proliferating cells.[12]
7. Anti-diabetic- Clove regulates the expression of same genes in similar manner to that of insulin.[13]
8. Antiplatelet- It was found that both euginol and euginol acetate are potent in inhibiting platelet
aggregation.[14]
9. Anti-stress- Clove extract found to be usefull in releving anoxic stress induced convulsions in
mice.[15]
10. Aphrodisiac-Ethinolic extract of clove found to be effective in increasing sexual sexual activity of
normal male rats.[16]
11. Mosquito repellent- Clove oil is found to be potent mosquito repellent[17]
12. Hepato-protective-Ethinolic extract of clove is found to be hepatoprotective in paracetamol induced
liver injury.[18]
13. Cytotoxic activity- Clove oil has cytotoxic property towards human fibroblastsand endothelial
cells.[19]
14. Fungicidal activity-It has been seen that euginol has anti candidial effect in oral candidiasis [20]
15. Bactericidal activity-Euginol has bactericidal effect against both positive and negative bacteria like
streptococcus pyogenes,proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli by disrupting their outer membrane[21]
16. Tooth ache-Euginol has analgesic effect in dental caries. Clove oil cotton plugs is been used in
dental carries traditionally[22]

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17. Anti-ulcer activity- Clove oil and euginol are capable of significantly enhancing mucus production
therefore they found to be gastroprotective in function. In indomethacin ethanol induced ulcer
euginol displays anti-ulcer activity.[23]
18. Reducing high fat diet induced obesity-Euginol found to effective in downregulation of
adipogenic and lipogenic gene .[24]
19. Anti-carcinogenic in cervical cancer-Euginol in clove found to be anti-carcinogenic in breast
cancer cells.[25]
20. Stress- Clove oil is excellent stress reliver. Having stimulating effect on mind and it removes mental
exhaustion and fatigue. It is also helpful in patient suffering from insominia. [26]
21. Muscle cramps and headache- Flavonoids present in clove oil has anti-inflammatory effect in
general therefore clove oil is used for muscle cramps and headache.[27

Discussion-
This article basically focus on samhitagranthas reference of lavangaand its therapeutic uses describe in
nighantugranthas. Along with that it also focuses on chemical constituents of clove oil and their
pharmaceutical actions on human body. Clove has many important systemic effects, such as anti-
inflammatory actions, anti-pyretic actions, anti-carcinogenic actions, aphrodiasic action, stress releasing
actions. With that it also has aampachaka, krumighna, sheershoolnashak, kaphachedana action due to its
unique rasa panchak. It is very important to have some clinical trials on postulated pharmaceutical actions
for further studies. So that it will help us to confirm its usefulness in treating patients
Conclusion -
Lavang being a major and most widely spice used in indiansub-continent. It possesseuginol like chemical
constituents with many flavonoids which are having large effects on physiology of normal human being. Its
tiktakatu rasa makes it best aampachak in various disorders. It acts as vaatshamak due to its sheet veerya.
With its krumighnaprabahava it becomes more usefull in orodental disorder. And due to its aromatic
flavonoids it act as mukhavaishadyakar. Euginol and euginol acetate has great fibroclastic activity on
mucosal membrane. Clove is usefull as anti canrcinogenic agent in lung as well as in cervical cancers. So it
is very important for us to have sound knowledge of its active principles and their actions. This article
concludes that the herb which is described in our nighantugrantha as lavangahas great pharmaceutical
applications. And it requires further clinical evaluation of the same.

References-
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6. Parle Milind And KhannaDeepa, Clove A Champion Spice. IJRAPvolume 2 issue 1,January 23 2011,
ISSN 2229-3566

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26. Singh AK, Dhamanigi SS, Asad M. Anti-stress activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Eugenia
caryophyllus buds (clove). Indian J. Pharmacol. 2009; 41:28-31
27. Ghelardini C, Galeotti N, Di CesareMannelli L, Mazzanti G, Bartolini A. Local anaesthetic activity of β
-caryophyllene 11. Farmaco. 2001; 56: 387–389

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