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Microns Microbiology Simplified 3rd Edition Malathi
Murugesan Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Malathi Murugesan
ISBN(s): 9789334159349, 9389941989
Edition: 3
File Details: PDF, 44.23 MB
Year: 2020
Language: english
 3rd Edition

Malathi Murugesan
MD (Microbiology), DTM&H (RCP London), PGDID
Consultant Microbiologist
Vellore, Tamil Nadu

CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd

• New Delhi • Bengaluru • Chennai • Kochi • Kolkata • Mumbai
• Hyderabad • Nagpur • Patna • Pune • Vijayawada
 DISCLAIMER
This book contains questions based on important
topics frequently asked in previous years National
Level PG Entrance Examinations and State Level
Examinations in India. Often repeated topics
and sub-topics have been included for students’
benefit. We do not claim that these questions are
exact or similar to questions asked in any recent
examinations in India. If any such similarity is
found, it is purely coincidental and by chance.

ISBN: 978-93-89941-98-2

Copyright © Author & Publishers

Third Edition: 2020

Second Edition: 2019-20

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system without permission,
in writing, from the author and the publishers.
Published by Satish Kumar Jain and produced by Varun Jain for
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Printed at:
 Dedication
This book is dedicated to my parents
Mrs M Thamayanthi DCE
Mr S Murugesan MA
who molded and guided me in all my tough times...

Preface
To my dear PG aspirants,
Microbiology and infectious diseases need regular updates because of their emerging and re-emerging trends. With the
recent novel corona virus panicking whole world, the question which has been haunting every heart is: “Are we standing on
the threshold of a third world war”—Man versus Microbes?
Pandemic and Epidemic outbreaks make a huge impact on health, economy, travel and also our day to day life gets
affected on a large scale. There is a difference in understanding microbiology during your UG days and your PG preparation.
This book MICRONS—Microbiology Simplified will make you feel the difference. To prepare for a PG entrance examination,
you need to be smarter than being intelligent.
The most important chapters are Sterilization and Disinfection, Antimicrobial resistance, Mycobacterium, Spirochaetes,
Hepatitis, HIV, Influenza, recent outbreaks and parasitology images.
When you are writing your exam papers, if you feel the questions are tough, you are not alone who think like this. There
are a number of others who are competing with you. Common questions never decide the seats. The rare and exceptions
make the difference between you and your close competitor. While reading, you better highlight the most common facts,
exceptions and recent updates. This book makes it easier for you because the important facts are highlighted well to make
a quicker revision.
I am happy to share that Microns – Microbiology Simplified – 3rd edition is released with added features and has been
updated with recent questions and notes on novel corona virus.
As I always say, students are most important for us and their opinions and ideas about a book are highly valuable for
every teacher/author. My book is not an exception. I would heartily welcome your feedback and work accordingly to
improve my book. Please share your feedback on my mail id or facebook page.
Thank you dear students !

With Love
Malathi Murugesan MBBS MD DTM&H PGDID
[email protected]
Join author`s Facebook page for further updates and active discussion with author
MICRONS - Microbiology Simplified by Malathi M
 From the Publisher’s Desk
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 Acknowledgements
My gratitude to the contributors who helped me in preparing this manuscript:
™ Dr M Jane Esther, MD (micro), FID, Consultant and Head of microbiology, Doctors' Diagnostic Centre, Trichy, Tamil Nadu
™
™ Dr K Deepika, MD (Microbiology), Consultant Microbiologist, NG Hospital and Research Centre, Coimbatore for her contribution on
™
chapter Gastrointestinal infections
™ Dr M Muniraj, MD DVL, Final year postgraduate, Madras Medical College, Chennai for his contribution on STD
™
™ Dr P Divya, DGO, Consultant Gynaecologist, WCF Hospital, Kolathur and GIFT clinic, Chennai for her contribution on Infections
™
related to Obstetrics and Gynecology
™ Dr J Divya John Stephy MD (Pharmacology), Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, Government Vellore Medical College and Hospital
™
for her contribution on Antimicrobial Chemotherapy—A Short Review
™ Dr FM Zafar, DLO, ENT specialist, Asst. Surgeon, Cheyyur GH for his contribution on Infections of Ear, Nose and Throat
™
™ Dr Kenny Robert J MS (GS), Consultant General and Laparoscopic Surgeon, Assistant Professor of General Surgery, Government
™
Royapettah Hospital, Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai for his contribution on surgical site and related infections
™ Dr Karthik Jayachandran, MS Orthopedics, Assistant Professor, Trichy SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Irungalur,
™
Trichy for his contribution on Infections of Bones and Joints
™ Dr MJ Felix Emerson, D. ortho, DNB Orthopaedics (II year), Ganga Orthopaedic Hospital and Research Centre, Coimbatore, Tamil
™
Nadu
™ Dr R Gokul, MD (Anesthesiology), 2nd year postgraduate, Government Vellore Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu
™
™ Dr Neha Singh, II year MD (micro), Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand
™
™ Dr V Srinidhi MBBS, Chengalpattu Government Medical College, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu
™
™ S Suganya, CRRI, Chengalpattu Government Medical College, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu
™
™ S Abirami, final year MBBS, Chengalpattu Government Medical College, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu
™
™ T Karthick, final year MBBS, Chengalpattu Government Medical College, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu
™
™ M Meena, final year MBBS, Chengalpattu Government Medical College, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu
™
™ N Dhanushya, final year MBBS, Chengalpattu Government Medical College, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu
™
™ GR Manoj Kumar, final year MBBS, Chengalpattu Government Medical College, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu
™
™ D Rishaba Sri, Pre-final year MBBS, Tagore Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
™
My sincere acknowledgement to my mentors, friends and relatives who motivated and stood on my side in all my tough times:
™ I would like to express thanks and happiness to my pillar of support, my husband Dr R Jagadish, MD (Biochemistry), Assistant Professor,
™
Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu
™ Dr A Vijayalakshmi, MD (Microbiology), Professor & HOD, Chengalpattu Government Medical College, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu
™
™ Dr B Palani Kumar, MD (General medicine), Associate Professor, Government Thoothukudi Medical College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu
™
™ Dr S Jamuna Rani, MD (Pathology), Associate Professor, Tagore Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
™
™ Dr K Shakthesh, MS(ENT), Hopkins ENT Clinic, Tambaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
™
™ Dr K Bharani Raj Kumar, MS (General Surgery), Professor, Tagore Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
™
™ Dr AVM Balaji, MD (Microbiology), Sr Assistant Professor of Microbiology, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
™
™ Dr R Rajamahendran, MS, MRCS (Edinburgh), MCh (Surgcial Gastroenterology, FMAS), Consultant Gastrointestinal Surgeon,
™
Director/Founder: KONCPT PG Medical Coaching Center, Tamil Nadu, India, Director: RRM Gastrosurgical and Research Center,
Villupuram, Tamil Nadu
™ Dr T Antan Uresh Kumar, MS, MCh Urology, FMAS, Founder KONCPT, laparoscopic transplant surgeon, Madras Kidney Foundation,
™
Chennai, Tamil Nadu
™ My sister: M. Abirami
™
™ My father-in-law Mr KM Ramu, mother-in-law Mrs J Krishnaveni and to all my maternal and paternal relatives.
™
™ Last but not least, I have to thank my twin children Master MJ Aathreyan and Master MJ Aaruthran, who strengthened my motherhood
™
and gifted me the memories of maternity with this wonderful piece of book.
I would also like to thank Mr Satish Kumar Jain (Chairman) and Mr Varun Jain (Managing Director), M/s CBS Publishers and Distributors
Pvt Ltd for providing me the platform in bringing out the book. I have no words to describe the role, efforts, inputs and initiatives undertaken
by Mr Bhupesh Arora Vice President – Publishing & Marketing, PGMEE and Nursing Division for helping and motivating me.
I must admit that I have been highly demanding on the precision of expression of the content from the staff members of CBS publishers.
I thank Dr Mrinalini Bakshi (Editorial Head & Content Strategist) for her editorial support and Ms Nitasha Arora (Production Head & Content
Strategist), Dr Anju Dhir (Project Manager & Senior Scientific Coordinator), Mr Shivendu Bhushan Pandey (Senior Editor), Mr Ashutosh
Pathak (Senior Proof Reader) and all the production team members, Mr Chaman Lal, Mr Prakash Gaur, Mr Phool Kumar, Mr Bunty Kashyap,
Mr Chander Mani, Ms Tahira Parveen, Ms Babita Verma, Ms Manorama Gupta, Mr Raju Sharma, Mr Manoj Chaudhary, Mr Vikram Chaudhary,
Mr Manoj Malakar and Mr Rahul Negi for devoting laborious hours in designing and typesetting of the book.
 Contents
Preface ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii
Acknowledgements----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------vii
Recent Outbreak 2020--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------xi
Latest Exam Questions 2020–2019--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xiii
Sample Video Questions----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xxxvii
Image-Based Concept Zone--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------xli

UNIT 1 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

Chapter 1. Introduction, History and Microscopes---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3–10
Chapter 2. Morphology and Physiology of Bacteria--------------------------------------------------------------------------------11–25
Chapter 3. Sterilization and Disinfection--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26–38
Chapter 4. Culture Media and Culture Methods------------------------------------------------------------------------------------39–48
Chapter 5. Bacterial Genetics, Resistance and Susceptibility Testing-------------------------------------------------------------49–59

UNIT 2 BACTERIOLOGY
Chapter 6. Staphylococcus-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63–72
Chapter 7. Streptococci---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------73–84
Chapter 8. Pneumococcus------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------85–89
Chapter 9. Neisseria-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------90–95
Chapter 10. Corynebacterium------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 96–102
Chapter 11. Bacillus----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 103–108
Chapter 12. Clostridium------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 109–118
Chapter 13. Enterobacteriaceae---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 119–134
Chapter 14. Vibrio------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 135–141
Chapter 15. Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Burkholderia-------------------------------------------------------------------- 142–146
Chapter 16. Haemophilus, Francisella and Pasteurella--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 147–151
Chapter 17. Brucella and Bordetella----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 152–155
Chapter 18. Mycobacterium-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 156–166
Chapter 19. Spirochaetes------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 167–175
Chapter 20. Rickettsia and Chlamydia--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 176–186
Chapter 21. Helicobacter and Campylobacter------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 187–189
Chapter 22. Mycoplasma and Legionella------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 190–193
Chapter 23. Miscellaneous Bacteria------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 194–202

UNIT 3 VIROLOGY
Chapter 24. Introduction and General Properties of Viruses-------------------------------------------------------------------- 205–213
Chapter 25. Bacteriophages--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 214–217
Chapter 26. Poxviruses-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 218–221
Chapter 27. Herpesviruses---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 222–230
Chapter 28. Adenovirus------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 231–232
Chapter 29. Picornaviruses--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 233–238
Chapter 30. Orthomyxoviruses----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 239–243
Chapter 31. Paramyxovirus--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 244–249
Chapter 32. Arthropod- and Rodent-Borne Viral Infections--------------------------------------------------------------------- 250–256
Chapter 33. Rhabdovirus------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 257–261
Chapter 34. Hepatitis Virus--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 262–271
Chapter 35. Human Immunodeficiency Virus------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 272–279
Chapter 36. Miscellaneous Viruses------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 280–286
 UNIT 4 PARASITOLOGY
 Contents

Chapter 37. Introduction to Parasitology------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 289–295

Chapter 38. Flagellates–I------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 296–299
Chapter 39. Hemoflagellates-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 300–304
Chapter 40. Leishmania------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 305–308
Chapter 41. Apicomplexa----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 309–317
Chapter 42. Toxoplasma, Ciliate Protozoa----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 318–321
Chapter 43. Coccidian Intestinal Parasites---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 322–325
Chapter 44. Helminthology Cestodes---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 326–332
Chapter 45. Trematodes------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 333–338
Chapter 46. Nematodes------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 339–347
Chapter 47. Filarial Nematode------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 348–353

UNIT 5 MYCOLOGY
Chapter 48. Characteristics and Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungi----------------------------------------------------------------- 357–363
Chapter 49. Superficial Mycoses---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 364–370
Chapter 50. Endemic/Systemic Mycoses------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 371–375
Chapter 51. Opportunistic Mycoses------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 376–383
Chapter 52. Miscellaneous Fungi--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 384–386

UNIT 6 IMMUNOLOGY
Chapter 53. Immunity -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 389–392
Chapter 54. Structure and Functions of Immune System ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 393–400
Chapter 55. Antigens ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 401–403
Chapter 56. Antibodies ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 404–410
Chapter 57. Complement System-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 411–415
Chapter 58. Antigen-Antibody Reactions------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 416–421
Chapter 59. Immune Response ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 422–426
Chapter 60. Hypersensitivity ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 427–431
Chapter 61. Immunodeficiency Diseases ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 432–435
Chapter 62. Autoimmunity --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 436–437
Chapter 63. Transplantation and Tumor Immunology--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 438–440
Chapter 64. Immunohematology -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 441–444

UNIT 7 APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Chapter 65. Applied Microbiology------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 447–450

UNIT 8 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Chapter 66. Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 453–456
Chapter 67. Fever of Unknown Origin--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 457–458
Chapter 68. Infections of Ear, Nose and Throat----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 459–466
Chapter 69. Infections of Eye------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 467–470
Chapter 70. Infection in Lower Respiratory Tract – Pneumonia----------------------------------------------------------------- 471–472
Chapter 71. Gastrointestinal Infections-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 473–478
Chapter 72. Cardiovascular Infection – Endocarditis----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 479–481
Chapter 73. CNS Infections--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 482–484
Chapter 74. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 485–486
Chapter 75. Infections of Bones and Joints---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 487–489
Chapter 76. Sexually Transmitted Infections-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 490–491
Chapter 77. Urinary Tract Infections----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 492–493
Chapter 78. Infections Related to Obstetrics and Gynecology------------------------------------------------------------------- 494–496
Chapter 79. Surgical Site and Related Infections---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 497–500
Chapter 80. Infections in Special Hosts-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 501–503
Chapter 81. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy – A Short Review -------------------------------------------------------------------- 504–507
x
Chapter 82. Multiple Choice Questions-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 508–510
Self-Assessment ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 511–527
  Latest Questions Papers 2020–2019
Recent Outbreak 2020
Ref: CDC

CORONA VIRUS
Coronaviruses are named for the crown-like spikes on their surface. There are four main sub-groupings of coronaviruses, known as
alpha, beta, gamma, and delta.

HUMAN TYPES
1. 229E (alpha coronavirus)
2. NL63 (alpha coronavirus)
3. OC43 (beta coronavirus)
4. HKU1 (beta coronavirus)
5. MERS-CoV (the beta coronavirus that causes Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, or MERS)
6. SARS-CoV (the beta coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS)
7. 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

Electron microscopic image of corona virus

Courtesy: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

NOVEL CORONA VIRUS

yy 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is a virus identified as the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness first detected in Wuhan,
China.
yy Incubation period: 2 – 14 days
yy Route of transmission: Droplets (respiratory secretions)
yy Precautions: N95 Mask, gloves, fluid repellent gowns, goggles
yy Clinical features:
 Fever, cough, shortness of breath


 In few people it develops pneumonia



 No specific age predilection seen



yy Diagnosis: Sequencing (other methods yet to develop); Testing done only in NIV, Pune for India.
yy No antiviral drugs/vaccines currently not available.
yy Antiviral combinations like lopinavir and ritonavir give promising improvement. But efficacy of the drug for novel corona virus is
not proven by clinical trials. xi
LATEST EXAM QUESTIONS
2020–2019
 RECENT PATTERN QUESTIONS 2020 7. The following fungal infection occurs most commonly
1. Which of the following is the vector for Zika virus? due to thorn prick:
 Latest Exam Questions 2020–2019

a. Aedes aegypti b. Culex tritaeniorhynchus a. Blastomycosis b. Sporotrichosis

c. Phlebotomus papatasii d. Anopheles c. Coccidioidomycosis d. Paracoccidioidomycosis
2. A 30-year-old man reports to the OPD with a history 8. An 8-year-old female is diagnosed with meningococcal
of clean-cut wound before four hours. He had already meningitis. What advice should be given to children of
received a dose of TT before 12 years. What is the ideal household and school contacts with the primary case to
vaccination regimen for him? avoid outbreak?
a. Single dose of TT a. Single dose of meningococcal Men4B vaccine
b. Full dose of TT b. Erythromycin prophylaxis
c. Simultaneous administration of TT and TIG c. Chemoprophylaxis and two doses of vaccine
d. No need of vaccine d. Single dose of PCV vaccine
3. What is the immunological method depicted in the 9. An HIV patient with CD4 count less than 200/Cu.mm
following rapid test assay for Hepatitis B? came to OPD with whitish lesions in the mouth as given
in the image. Mucosal biopsy on HPE shows yeast and
pseudohyphae. What is the diagnosis?
a. Oral hairy leukoplakia b. Oral candidiasis
c. Lichen planus d. Kaposi sarcoma
10. Which among the following is a category A bioterrorism
agent?
a. Coxiella b. Brucella
c. Nipah virus d. Bacillus anthracis
11. Which of the following organelle in a bacterium helps in
adhesion?
a. Cytoplasmic membrane
b. Mesosomes
c. Fimbriae
d. Lipopolysaccharide
12. Identify the following immunoglobulin
a. ELISA b. Immunochromatography
c. CLIA d. Immunofluorescene
4. Identify the species from the following peripheral smear
of a man who had fever with chills.

a. IgM b. IgA
c. IgG d. IgD
13. Stool examination of a child is showing the following
soil transmitted helminthic egg. What is the diagnosis?

Courtesy: CDC/Dr. Mae Melvin

a. Plasmodium vivax b. Plasmodium falciparum
c. Plasmodium ovale d. Plasmodium knowlesi
5. The active disinfectant component in bleaching powder
is:
a. Hypochlorous acid b. Hypochlorite
c. Chlorine d. Hydrogen
6. What is the etiological agent for donovanosis?
a. Klebsiella granulomatis
b. Hemophilus ducreyi Courtesy: CDC/B.G. Partin
c. Leishmania donovani a. Ascaris lumbricoides b. Hook worm
xiv d. Treponema pallidum c. Trichiuris trichiura d. Taenia solium
14. The mechanism of resistance to penicillin by production 18. HIV patient presented with diarrhea. On stool
of beta lactamases results in: examination, following acid fast organisms was seen.

 Latest Exam Questions 2020–2019

a. Drug efflux What is the drug of choice in this patient?
b. Alteration in penicillin binding proteins
c. Breaks the drug chemical bonding
d. Decreases MIC
15. An eight-year-old child presented to casualty with acute
febrile illness and petechial rash. What is the most likely
diagnosis?

a. TMP-SMX b. Nitazoxanide
c. Primaquine d. Niclosamide
19. Diagnostic method of choice for leptospirosis:
a. Cold agglutination test b. MSAT
c. MAT d. Latex agglutination test
20. Investigation of choice for neurosyphilis:
a. Meningococci
a. VDRL b. FTA-ABS
b. Pneumococci
c. RPR d. TPI
c. Hemophilus influenza
d. Malaria 21. A person working in an abattoir presented with malig-
nant pustule on hand; What is the causative agent?
a. Clostridium botulinum b. Clostridium perfringens
RECENT PATTERN QUESTIONS 2019 c. Bacillus anthracis d. Streptococcus pyogenes
16. True about Congenital Rubella syndrome is: 22. Ideal dose of Diphtheria antitoxin given for treatment is:
a. It will become a chronic infection a. 10,000 to 1,00,000 units b. 20,000 to 1,00,000 units
b. Virus can be isolated only upto 6months after birth c. 10,000 to 2,00,000 units d. 20,000 to 2,00,000 units
c. Triad of CRS are cataract, cardiac defects, cerebral 23. Infection that causes acute febrile illness with jaundice
palsy and conjunctivitis is:
d. Infection is most serious after five months of pregnancy a. Malaria b. Leptospirosis
c. Pertussis d. Typhoid
17. A 9 years old child presented to OPD with complaints of
24. A neonate was found to have cataract, deafness and
high grade fever, vomiting, one episode of seizure. CSF
cardiac defects. Which group of viruses does the mother
examination was done and Gram staining of the culture
was infected with:
showed the following finding. What is the probable
a. Togaviridae b. Flaviviridae
causative agent?
c. Bunyaviridae d. Arenaviridae
25. Which vaccine is contraindicated in pregnancy?
a. Hepatitis A b. Hepatitis B
c. Rabies d. Chicken pox
26. Which vaccine strain is changed every yearly?
a. Influenza b. Rabies
c. Hepatitis d. Ebola
27. A 5 years old child presented to the OPD with complaints
of rectal prolapse; On examination stunting and growth
retardation was documented; What is the parasitological
cause for this clinical feature?
a. Trichuris trichiura b. Trichinella spiralis
c. Giardia lamblia d. Enterobius vermicularis
a. Hemophilus influenzae 28. Flask shaped ulcers seen in a dysentry patient is
b. Neisseria meningitidis diagnostic of:
c. Streptococcus pneumoniae a. Shigellosis b. Amoebiasis
d. Escherichia coli c. Giardiasis d. Typhoid

xv
 29. A 35 years old man presented with dry cough and rusty 34. Contact isolation is done for:
colored sputum; He has history of eating in chinese a. Mumps
 Latest Exam Questions 2020–2019

restaurant very often with consumption of crabs often; b. MRSA

What is the probable causative agent in this condition? c. Diphtheria
a. Diphyllobothrium latum d. Typhoid
b. Pneumocystis jirovecii 35. Coxsackie virus A causes:
c. Paragonimus westermani a. RMSF
d. Strongyloides stercoralis b. HFMD
30. Culture media for Legionella: c. Yellow fever
a. BCYE agar d. Pleurodynia
b. Baird Parker medium 36. Infection of following organism has clinical features
c. Macconkey agar resembling erythroblastosis foetalis?
d. PLET medium a. Cytomegalovirus
b. Ebstein Barr virus
31. Special stain for Cryptococcus:
c. Toxoplasmosis
a. Ziehl-Neelsen stain
d. Herpes virus
b. Mucicarmine stain
37. All are true about congenital toxoplasmosis except:
c. Malachite green
a. Chorioretinitis
d. Albert stain
b. Jaundice
32. Disk diffusion method is also known as:
c. Macrocephaly
a. Kirby Bauer method d. Cerebral calcification
b. E test-method 38. An AIDS patient presented to OPD with dyspnoea and
c. MIC method respiratory illness; Which of the following is suitable to
d. Stokes method diagnose the opportunistic infection commonly seen in
33. A child is suffering from recurrent chronic infections AIDS patient?
with encapsulated bacteria; Which subclass of IgG does a. Sputum microscopy
the child has deficiency? b. Broncho alveolar lavage (BAL)
a. IgG1 b. IgG2 c. Chest Xray
c. IgG3 d. IgG4 d. CT scan

39. Identify the following life cycle:

a. Plague b. Japanese encephalitis c. Influenza d. Nipah virus

xvi
 AIIMS NOVEMBER 2019
40. Which of the following toxin acts by this mechanism as shown in the figure:

 Latest Exam Questions 2020–2019

a. Tetanus b. Botulism c. Neuroborreliosis d. Neurosyphilis

41. The CLED medium is preferred over other media for the 44. A Giemsa stain of a thin peripheral blood smear is
culture of the organisms in case of UTI because:- prepared. Which of the following cannot be diagnosed?
a. It inhibits proteus swarming a. Bartonella henselae b. Coxiella burnettii
b. It differentiates Lf from NLF c. Toxoplasma gondii d. Ehrlichia chaffeensis
c. It helps growth of candida and Staphylococcus 45. Mechanism of action of toxin produced by the bacterium
d. It identifies pseudomonas shown in the figure:
42. Which of the following organism cause multiple alveolar-
like mass in liver?
a. Echinococcus multilocularis
b. E. granulosus
c. Amoebic liver abscess
d. Cysticercus cellulose
43. A 25-Year-old man presents with urethral discharge
for the last three days. A gram stained smear of the
discharge is shown in the figure. All of the following are
true about the likely etiology except:-

a. Increase in cAMP
b. Increase in cGMP
c. ADP-ribosylation of ribosyl transferase
d. ADP-ribosylation of Gs protein
46. All can be seen intracellularly in hepatocytes except:-
a. Plasmodium b. Toxoplasma gondii
c. Leishmania d. Babesia
a. Virulence factor Pili 47. Beta-1, 3-D glucan assay test is used to diagnose all
b. Intracellular except:-
c. Both catalase and oxidase positive a. Aspergillosis b. Mucormycosis xvii
d. Show twitching motility c. Candidiasis d. Pneumocystis
 48. True about γδ T cell; except: AIIMS MAY 2019
a. It is type of helper T cells 51. A 40-year-old male from Himachal Pradesh has
 Latest Exam Questions 2020–2019

b. It is an antigen presenting cell presented with verrucous lesions in the skin with
c. It resides in gastrointestinal tract epithelium following microscopic findings from the tissue biopsy.
d. It shows direct cytotoxicity. What is the diagnosis?
49. Assertion: Anaphylactoid reaction can be caused by 1st
exposure.
Reason: Involves mast cell degranulation but not IgE.
a. Both Assertion and Reason are independently true/
correct statements and the Reason is the correct
explanation for the Assertion
b. Both Assertion and Reason are independently true/
correct statements, but the Reason is not the correct
explanation for the Assertion
c. Assertion is independently a true/correct statement,
but the Reason is independently a false/incorrect
statement
d. Assertion is independently a false/incorrect statement, a. Chromoblastomycosis b. Sporotrichosis
but the Reason is independently true/correct statement c. Rhinosporidiosis d. Mycetoma
e. Both Assertion and Reason are independently false/ 52. An HIV patient with fever, chronic diarrhea presented
incorrect statements to OPD. His stool was examined which showed the
following oocysts. Identify the components used for
50. Patient has recovered from a hepatitis B infection.
staining the stool?
Identify the serological marker shown by the arrow in
the image below:

a. Diluted Carbol Fuchsin, 20% H2SO4 and Methylene

blue
b. Strong Carbol Fuchsin, 0.5% H2SO4 and Loeffler’s
methylene blue
c. Strong Carbol Fuchsin, 1% H2SO4, iodine and methylene
blue
a. Anti HbC d. Diluted Carbol Fuchsin, 5% H2SO4 and methylene blue
b. Anti HbS 53. Arrange the order of Gram staining from below:
c. HBsAg I. Mordant II. Acetone alcohol
d. Anti HBe III. Crystal violet IV. Diluted carbol fuschin
a. I, II, III, IV b. III, I, II, IV
c. IV, II, III, I d. III, II, I, IV
54. Match the following with regards to Biomedical waste
management:

Column-A Column-B
1. Yellow a. Glassware globes
2. Red b. Scalpel blade
3. Blue c. Chemical waste
4. White transparent d. syringe wrapper
a. 1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B b. 1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C
xviii c. 1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D d. 1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A
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Sunday Schools in every part of the world on Sunday, May 22, of
that year. For this purpose the hymn was translated and printed in
more than one hundred languages and dialects. What a magnificent
illustration of the solidarity of the Christian Church in a progressive,
aggressive attitude!”

Heard Lauder’s Song and Wesley’s Hymn

“Before going to our watch-night services many of us heard Sir Harry
Lauder singing his old favorite, ‘Keep right on to the end of the road,’
from ‘Though the way be long, let your heart be strong,’” wrote a
woman at the beginning of 1947. She was thus reminded that
though we take a long look backward at the close of a year, we are
also disposed to take a forward look when the New Year 20
dawns.

Then the woman went to the watch-night service at the church.

Soon she found herself singing with the others the hymn written for
this occasion by Charles Wesley:

“Come, let us anew our journey pursue,

Roll round with the year,
And never stand still till the Master appear.
His adorable will let us gladly fulfill,
And our talents improve,
By the patience of hope, and the labor of love.”

Returning home, she confessed that she found herself with the
feeling that the Scotch minstrel and the English hymn writer each
had an appropriate message for the human spirit.

The Hymn with Exclamation Points

After Dr. Charles Kendall Gilbert was elected to succeed Bishop
William T. Manning as head of the Protestant Episcopal diocese of
New York in the latter part of January, 1947, The New York Times
said in an editorial: “It will now be his responsibility to build his
church on ever stronger foundations in a world beset by doubt,
bewilderment and confusion. But it is also an inspiring task. The
hymn sung before his election was dedicatory:

“‘Rise up, O men of God!

Have done with lesser things.’”

“That hymn will be sung when everything else about you is

forgotten,” the great pulpit orator of Brooklyn, Dr. S. Parkes Cadman,
once remarked to the author of the vigorous hymn which both 21
clergymen and laymen sang together on that responsible day.

“Every stanza has at least one exclamation point,” remarked Dr.

Charles A. Boyd, when he called attention to this peculiar feature of
the hymn written by Dr. William Pierson Merrill. In fact, out of the
four stanzas in the copy now in front of the writer, two of these have
two exclamation points each. The vivid style of this hymn, therefore,
is an emphatic call for speedy action. The hymn was written to incite
men to “do something,” and to do it without delay. Hence the call:

“Give heart and mind and soul and strength

To serve the King of kings.”

This hymn was written for a definite purpose and a particular

occasion. It came to us early in the twentieth century when the
Brotherhood movement was one of large proportions in some of the
great denominations in the United States; and the large conventions
which were held in vital centers of the country were scenes of
tremendous enthusiasm. During that period Nolan R. Best, then
editor of The Continent, remarked to Dr. Merrill that there was need
of a Brotherhood hymn. The suggestion lingered in the mind of the
latter. About the same time (1911) Dr. Merrill read an article by
Gerald Stanley Lee on “The Church of Strong Men.” “I was on one of
the Lake Michigan steamers,” Dr. R. G. McCutchen quotes him as
saying, “going back to Chicago for a Sunday at my own church,
when suddenly this hymn came up, almost without conscious
thought or effort.”

Quickly the hymn made an appeal to various denominations, which

included it in their revised hymnals. Other countries, also,
approvingly placed this hymn in their new books. Thus it is 22
found in The Hymnary of the United Church of Canada, and
The Methodist Hymn Book, London. Dr. Merrill once said, “It has
given me very deep satisfaction to have the hymn obtain such
general use. Several times each year I am asked for permission to
include it in some new collection of hymns.” But, as Dr. C. M.
Washburn has remarked, “Any hymnal is enriched because of the
inclusion of these challenging lines.”

A newspaper reporter (Ernest J. Bowden) in an upstate city of New

York has an assignment each Sunday to attend a selected church,
and then write his impressions. He is peculiarly sensitive to the
music rendered, and often makes illuminating comments on the
same. He was peculiarly gratified when, on a December Sunday, he
was assigned to a Presbyterian church to report a visiting minister.
Thirty years earlier he had heard a new hymn sung in a city in
California, and he had remembered the name of the writer. Now
came the opportunity to hear him. After the service he met the
author, and the two talked about Dr. Merrill’s choice hymn. The
author told the newspaper man that while on a trip to Oriental
missions he had heard this hymn sung in both Japanese and
Chinese. Also, it was sung at a meeting in India which he addressed.
At the close of the gathering Dr. Merrill said to the leader of the
music, “It was very thoughtful of you to sing my hymn.”

“We didn’t know that you wrote it; we sang it because we like it,”
was the reply.
“Better still,” continued Dr. Merrill. “That’s the finest tribute it could
have received.”

This sketch was then given by the reporter of Dr. Merrill, in 1944,
“He is a genial soul, free and friendly as the gospel he 23
preached in Brick Church, New York. He retired in 1938, and is
now climbing toward eighty. But you would never think it to see him.
His voice rang clear as a bell through every pew.” Then, speaking as
a layman, he remarked: “When a group of men have been sitting for
hours, or days, in conference, threshing over the routine of church
or community, what more fitting climax could there be than the call
to sing in parting:

“‘Rise up, O men of God!

Have done with lesser things;
Give heart and mind and soul and strength
To serve the King of kings.’”

The wide service rendered by this hymn to the Christian Church is

indicated by the fact that when the Bishop of Ripon congratulated
Dr. Merrill on having written such a choice and practical hymn, he
said: “I use it at every communion service in my diocese where
young people are received into the church.” Thus did the
Episcopalian leader pay tribute to the appeal of the hymn written by
the eminent Presbyterian author. Doubtless this hymn is destined to
play a valiant part in helping to

“Bring in the day of Brotherhood

And end the night of wrong.”

I cherish a program sent me by a friend who lives in a Cornish town

beyond the wide Atlantic. It outlined a great service of thanksgiving
for the return of peace held in one of the largest churches in the
county, when the several churches of the community participated.
The rector of the parish and the several ministers of the town united
in conducting a carefully prepared service of hymns, responsive
readings, prayers and addresses. Thus they that day 24
remembered those who had fallen in World War II. Then, in
closing, those men, women and youth, which packed the great
building, led by a worthy choir, stood and sang the hymn of our
American author:

“Rise up, O men of God!

The Church for you doth wait,
Her strength unequal to her task;
Rise up, and make her great!”

Then came the closing stanza, with also two exclamation points:

“Lift high the cross of Christ!

Tread where His feet have trod;
As brothers of the Son of Man,
Rise up, O men of God!”

25
 CHAPTER II
MORNING MELODIES
“But I sing of thy strength,
a morning song to thy love.”
(Psa. 59:16, Moffatt).

“For lovely morning songs we have:

(1)
‘Come, my soul, thou must be waking;
Now is breaking
O’er the earth another day.’

(2)
‘When morning gilds the skies,
My heart awaking cries,
May Jesus Christ be praised!’

(3)
‘Fairest Lord Jesus,
Ruler of all nature,
O Thou of God and man the Son,
Thee will I cherish
Thee will I honor,
Thee, my soul’s Glory, Joy, and Crown.’

The third of these is something which seems to me a perfect

hymn.”—From an address by Dean Howard Chandler Robbins at
the Northfield General Conference, 1938.

26
 The Morning Call
Her father was a lay preacher, and she, a school teacher, followed in
his steps. She was in the pulpit on that Sunday morning when an
American citizen visited the country of his birth, in the summer of
1946 to observe post-war conditions. He was now amid familiar
scenes in the far south of England. The morning was full of glorious
sunshine, and he went to church as he had done when a boy. Then
he wrote an account of the service, and sent it to his home folks.

What, he wondered, would be the hymn which this “spiritually and

mentally disciplined woman” might select for the opening of the
service. That question was answered when this preacher-daughter of
a preacher-father announced the charming lines of Geoffrey A.
Studdert Kennedy:

“Awake, awake to love and work,

The lark is in the sky,
The fields are wet with diamond dew,
The worlds awake to cry
Their blessings on the Lord of Life,
As He goes meekly by.”

There the visitor blended his voice with some of those he had known
in his boyhood days as they together worshipped in the village
church. The preacher stood in the pulpit with the ease of one born
to it, and “joined in the singing with the full-voiced enthusiasm of a
thrush or mockingbird on a spring morning.”

This song is placed among the morning hymns in The Hymnal of the
Protestant Episcopal Church (1940). Imaginative and 27
impressive is the language used in the second verse:

“Come, let thy voice be one with theirs,

Shout with their shout of praise;
See how the giant sun roars up,
 Great Lord of years and days!
So let the love of Jesus come
And set thy soul ablaze.”

“Woodbine Willie” was the name, for some reason, given to the
author when he became a chaplain in World War I. His was a
charmed name in the army, and his experiences there “made him an
enthusiast for peace.” He became a rector in London, and in 1924 he
made a visit to the United States and added many persons to the
long list of friends already his. Death came to him in Liverpool in
1929. Someone characterized him as “the wholly lovable prophet of
social righteousness.” Through coming years he will continue to
speak to the hearts of many who joyfully sing his inspiring morning
hymn with its lilting tune.

Morning Hymn on an Ocean Voyage

Time for reflection is found on an ocean voyage, and, as the writer
and many others can testify, lasting impressions are often made.
Such an experience came to one who was making a trip around the
world in the days between two world wars. “The sea,” said he, “was
not a friend of mine as we rode the mountainous waves for nearly
three weeks without a port of call.” Much of the time, indeed, he lay
in his cabin simply watching the rising and the falling of the waves
through the porthole.

A Sunday morning, however, dawned fair and bright; and he found

himself “able to make his way to the top deck for divine 28
worship.” Never, he confessed, was he more deeply touched
by a hymn than when the company of passengers, and some
members of the crew, united in singing as their opening hymn:

“New every morning is the love

Our wakening and uprising prove;
 Through sleep and darkness safely brought,
Restored to life and power and thought.”

The memory of that hymn proved to be cheering and invigorating.

He later wrote: “How beautiful this sunny Sunday morning with no
land, or fish, or bird in sight. Just the sun, the sky, and the sea. How
sacred the upper deck seemed that morning! Can you not believe
that I never hear this hymn sung without again feeling the waves
lifting me, the scene crowding my brain with its poignancy—sea, sky,
sun, and God’s care through another night on the ocean waves.”

A brilliant scholar was John Keble, author of “The Christian Year,”

from which this hymn comes. It is regarded as one “of the greatest
religious classics in the English language.” This tribute has been paid
to this work by Nutter and Tillett: “What the Prayer Book is in prose
for public worship, ‘The Christian Year’ is in poetry for private
devotion.” Mentally suggestive are the lines which have such a direct
relation to daily living:

“New mercies, each returning day,

Hover around us while we pray;
New perils past, new sins forgiven,
New thoughts of God, new hopes of heaven.”

Morning Songs Fill the Day with Music

Skilled in both the art and science of making lovely gardens, 29
Silas Kenton loved to sing while working. The story of this
interesting English gardener was related by the Rev. S. Horton in
“Say It with Song.”

“Good morning, Kenton,” was the cheery greeting of Lady Lawder, by

whom he was employed, one day. Then she added: “You were
singing early this morning, Silas. I could hear you as I lay in bed.”
“I hope I didn’t disturb your ladyship,” he answered. “I had forgotten
the green-houses were so near your room. It was thoughtless of me
and I am sorry indeed.”

“Well, it did wake me up, but I didn’t mind. What was it you were
singing? The tune was familiar to me.”

“It was an old favorite of mine,” replied Silas:

“‘Holy, holy, holy, Lord God Almighty!

Early in the morning our song shall rise to Thee.’”

The musical gardener then made this observation: “You see, ma’am,
when the world gets busy, there are doubtless thousands upon
thousands of singers whose songs are rising like sweet music to the
skies. I like to think that most mornings I’m one of the earliest of the
Lord’s servants offering my tribute of praise. Besides I always think a
few songs before breakfast fill the heart with music all the day.”

Hymn Suggested by a “Blaze of Leafage”

For eight months an English Episcopalian bishop confined to a
Japanese prison saw no sunlight. But this prisoner of war did witness
what he described as “a blaze of leafage on some trees.” This sight
recalled to the mind of the bishop a hymn from the heart and pen of
Charles Wesley:

“Christ, whose glory fills the skies, 30

Christ, the true, the only Light,
Sun of righteousness, arise,
Triumph o’er the shades of night;
Day-Spring from on high, be near;
Day-Star, in my heart appear.”
This experience which came to Dr. J. L. Wilson, Bishop of Singapore,
who was representing the Church of England, stood out above all
others, and represented the value of a mind stored with memories of
hymns. Three thousand people listened most attentively for forty-
five minutes in the City Hall, Sheffield, England, in September, 1946,
as the speaker narrated experiences which can come only in war
time.

A reporter was among those who heard with amazement the words
of the bishop as he explained how, charged with being a “spy,” he
was “imprisoned, tortured, and flogged with ropes almost beyond
endurance” by the Japanese. Four thousand persons were crowded
into a prison designed to accommodate seven hundred. They were a
courageous company, however. “When men and women came
downstairs bleeding from torture, they might not speak; but they
smiled, and the others smiled back.” Bishop Wilson was the only
“European among Malayans, Indians and Chinese.” But his fellow-
prisoners, observing his firmness and forgiving spirit, asked him to
teach them to pray.

Bread and wine were lacking, but Bishop Wilson used tea or water in
the celebration of the Holy Communion on Sundays. “It might be
irregular,” the speaker remarked with a smile; but he could not be
convinced that it was not valid. A Christian girl, he learned, was
there for helping the British, and the elements were passed through
the prison bars to her.

The hymn which lifted the soul of the imprisoned bishop above 31
his immediate surroundings came from the singing spirit of
Charles Wesley, and appeared in 1740 in his “Hymns and Sacred
Poems.” The hymnology of both British and American Methodism is
enriched by the inclusion of this song of worship; and it is also found
in the Hymnal of the Protestant Episcopal Church, The Hymnal
(Presbyterian), The Hymnary (of the United Church of Canada), The
Inter-Church Hymnal, etc. The three verses will be found “full of the
sunshine of which they sing,” observed Dr. Charles S. Robinson.
Lovers of literature will be especially interested in a comment made
by Dr. James Moffatt, where he says, “George Eliot uses this hymn in
Adam Bede describing how Seth Bede, the young Methodist, on
leaving his brother one Sunday morning in February, ‘walked
leisurely homeward, mentally repeating one of his favorite hymns.’ It
was this one.”

Easy is it, therefore, for us to imagine Bishop Wilson, the liberty-

loving Englishman, confined to a sunless prison in a foreign country,
catching a glimpse of “a blaze of leafage on some trees,” then
refreshing his singing spirit by mentally repeating the lines which he
had often joined with others in publicly singing when a youth in his
homeland:

“Dark and cheerless is the morn

Unaccompanied by Thee;
Joyless is the day’s return
Till Thy mercy’s beams I see;
Till they inward light impart,
Cheer my eyes and warm my heart.”

“Stone walls do not a prison make” when one has a song in his soul.
And he who knows his hymnal well has one for every occasion.

32
 CHAPTER III
SUNSET SONGS
“In the night I sang of him.”
(Psa. 42:10, Moffatt).

“One of the most successful numbers sung in the series of Sunday

evening concerts, which for several years it was my privilege and
pleasure to sponsor, was that old English hymn, ‘Now the Day is
Over.’ That hymn marked the close of each Sunday night concert,
and the thousands of letters I received from listeners throughout
the country gave sure evidence that this old religious song struck
a responsive chord in the heart of listeners everywhere.”
—A. Atwater Kent in a broadcast on “Radio’s Influence on
Music.”

A group of young men from an English theological college, the “Cliff

College Trekkers,” went, during the summer of 1936, to Morecambe,
and there this band of energetic youth held Sunday services on the
slipway.

Evening prayer was also held by them at the slipway, and one who
was present expressed gratitude through the press for the privilege
of sharing these moments of quiet devotion. Following prayers, the
entire company united in singing:

“All hail the power of Jesus’ name.”

People who had listened to the inspirational hymn were doubtless

singing in their hearts, as they walked to their seaside residences,
the glowing words:

“And crown Him Lord of all.”

 33

Nature Gave the Perfect Touch

Some of the great moments of a lifetime were experienced by lovers
of sacred music on an evening in late June, 1931, at the stadium of
Cornell University. The Westminster Choirs, arrayed in their
resplendent robes, sang under the leadership of the distinguished
conductor, Dr. J. Finley Williamson. A representative of The Syracuse
Post-Standard thus sketched the event for his newspaper:

“The scene:—Eleven harps were ranged on the velvet green in

front of the singers. The skies were hung with black clouds for a
canopy. The soft beauty of the marvellous scenery, as far as the
eye could reach, surrounded all. Lightning darted through the
clouds, and the low rumble of thunder was a background for the
celestial music of the harps as they played the hymn:

“‘Day is dying in the west;

Heaven is touching earth with rest:
Wait and worship while the night
Sets her evening lamps alight
Through all the sky.’

“When the voices, in unison with the harps, hummed the melody,
it was something to be cherished in memory. Words fail to
describe adequately the impression. It was the perfect touch that
only nature is able to give to human effort.”

During such sublime moments the musicians passed to the close of

the hymn:

“Holy, holy, holy, Lord God of hosts!

Heaven and earth are full of Thee!
Heaven and earth are praising Thee,
O Lord most high!”
The music combined with the display of nature to induce a 34
mood which brought God very close to his earthly children that
June afternoon.

The Bells of Trinity

Startled as he wandered rather aimlessly amid lower New York, a
distinguished visitor listened to the Bells of Trinity Church as they
joyously pealed forth the strains of:

“Hark, hark, my soul! angelic songs are swelling

O’er earth’s green fields and ocean’s wave-beat shore;
How sweet the truth those blessèd strains are telling
Of that new life when sin shall be no more!”

The music fell with soul-stirring effect on the ears of Dr. John A.
Hutton, long-time editor of The British Weekly, who was in the
United States, as he frequently was in summer-time, to fulfill
engagements in preaching and lecturing.

The location of Trinity Church, whence came the eventide music,

deepened the interest in the hymn. Said Dr. Hutton: “I was hearing
the Lord’s song just where the Lord’s song stands in most need of
being heard, and just where the Lord’s song sounds most sweetly. I
was hearing the Lord’s song in a strange land.” Down opposite Wall
street, “Where Mammon holds the throne, dwarfed and almost
overshadowed by immense business and financial houses, rises the
spire of Trinity.” Hence, “where men were engrossed in the things of
time and sense, there fell upon the ear a song that spoke of
heaven.”

The most popular setting in America for this hymn is “Pilgrims” by

Henry Smart, with what H. Augustine Smith calls its “plaintive
wistfulness.” This hymn therefore, according to Boyd, “appeals to
both the poetic sense and the musical ear.”

Personally I have seen congregations deeply moved as they 35

have joined in singing, at an evening service of worship:

“Angels, sing on! your faithful watches keeping;

Sing us sweet fragments of the songs above;
Till morning’s joy shall end the night of weeping,
And life’s long shadows break in cloudless love.”

Singing Soldiers
Fifteen soldiers were gathered together on a Thursday evening in a
little French village behind the line during the First World War.
Forming themselves into a semicircle around the chaplain, Thomas
Tiplady, who has described the scene in “The Cross at the Front,”
they made choice of the hymn they would like sung to open their
devotional meeting. Then they joined in singing:

“At even, ere the sun was set,

The sick, O Lord, around Thee lay;
O in what divers pains they met!
O with what joy they went away!

“Once more ’tis eventide, and we,

Oppressed with various ills, draw near;
What if Thy form we cannot see?
We know and feel that Thou art here.”

The evening was still, and the voices of the men playing football not
far away were heard, as well as the sound of guns. Yet as the men
sang the birds were also singing in some neighboring trees. Chaplain
Tiplady makes this observation: “To him who has only sung this
hymn in a church much of its beauty must of necessity be hidden. It
is revealed only in the light of the setting sun. The men were 36
facing the Golden West. The pomp of the dying day lay upon
the rustling leaves of the trees and upon the grass at our feet. It lit
up with beauty the faces of the men as they sang. Soon it would be
gone, and the shadows would wrap us round as with a mantle.” But
those Englishmen in France sang their faith and prayer:

“Thy touch has still its ancient prayer,

No word from Thee can fruitless fall;
Hear in this solemn evening hour,
And in Thy mercy heal us all.”

Hymn Discussion at Oyster Bay

Captain Archibald W. Butt, personal aide to President Theodore
Roosevelt, spending a week-end at the Roosevelt residence in Oyster
Bay, N. Y., accompanied the family to a morning service of worship
on July 27, 1908, at the Episcopal Church. Mrs. Roosevelt was a
member of this church. Mr. Roosevelt was a member of the Dutch
Reformed Church, but when in Oyster Bay he used to worship with
the family; and so, on this occasion, he took Captain Butt, also an
Episcopalian, with him. Later in the day Captain Butt referred to the
hymns sung in the service, and, being from the South, made this
observation: “I think the South likes strong, sentimental hymns,
while every one which was sung at Oyster Bay had some poetic
value.”

Theodore Roosevelt sang hymns with zest, and enjoyed variety. On

this day, however, he declared that his favorite hymn was:

“Christ is made the sure Foundation,

Christ the head and corner-stone,
Chosen of the Lord, and precious,
 Binding all the Church in one;
Holy Sion’s help for ever, 37
And her confidence alone.”

This is a translation from an old Latin hymn by Dr. John Mason

Neale. Information concerning this hymn by Dr. Charles S. Robinson
is as follows: “It is more popular in England than it is on this side of
the water, except, perhaps, among Episcopalians, who, as a
denomination, seem very fond of it. It is used for corner-stone
services, and for dedications and the like, with much acceptance.”

“Holy, holy, holy, Lord God Almighty!”

was given by Mr. Roosevelt as his next choice. But he also expressed
admiration for “Jerusalem the Golden,” and very naturally for a man
of his type:

“The Son of God goes forth to war.”

Mrs. Roosevelt, on the other hand, named as her choice:

“Nearer, my God, to Thee;”

and also:

“Art thou weary, art thou laden,

Art thou sore distrest?
‘Come to Me,’ saith One, ‘and coming,
Be at rest.’”

“For the first time I realized that I had no favorite hymn,” said
Captain Butt in a letter which he wrote to his mother that very night;
and which, fortunately, has been preserved in “The Letters of Archie
Butt.” He added: “I have thought of it during the day, and I believe
that I shall take ‘Nearer, my God, to Thee,’ as my favorite. It 38
appeals to the sentimental side of me at least.”
“I think I should like to have sung at my funeral, ‘Nearer, My God, to
Thee,’” said Butt in this letter. Singularly enough, this was the last
music which he heard played before he died. He was drowned when
the Titanic sank; and the ship’s band, which had been playing
popular music during the fateful period after the great ship had
struck an iceberg on a Sunday night, rendered as its last selection,
when the boat was going down and carrying hundreds of the
passengers and crew to a swift death in the Atlantic:

“Nearer, my God, to Thee.”

The following interesting observation, which I have not elsewhere

seen, is made by Lawrence F. Abbott, who edited “The Letters of
Archie Butt”: “It is said by survivors of the Titanic that as the ship
was going down Captain Butt ordered the band to play the music of
this hymn.”

Most fruitful was the discussion of hymns held at Oyster Bay on that
July Sunday afternoon and evening. As a result we know the first
choice of Theodore Roosevelt of the many hymns he loved; the
hymns which most appealed to Mrs. Roosevelt; and on that eventful
day Archibald Butt made his decision in favor of the hymn which
went with him to his death in the Atlantic Ocean.

39
 CHAPTER IV
SERENADING THE SOUL WITH SONG
“In London Town there are always queer, unexpected things to be
seen and heard. The other day my wife and I went out to lunch,
and we were waiting in a queue. Suddenly above the noise of the
busy street we heard a tin whistle being played. The tune was ‘O
Jesus, I have promised’—and it was played very well, too. This
was followed by ... ‘Jerusalem the golden.’ I looked, but couldn’t
see the musician.

“The queue moved up, and I was afraid I wasn’t going to see the
tin whistle expert at all. But just as we got level with the door I
did see him. He was now giving a spirited rendering of ‘The
Church’s one foundation’—and he was a grey-headed old Negro.
He wore what had been a very smartly cut officer’s tunic. The
tune finished, the old fellow sat down on a doorstep.

“Where, I wondered, had he learned these hymn-tunes? And

where had that Lascar seaman in the street in West Hartlepool
learnt ‘There’s a Friend for Little Children?’—for he was humming
it as he passed me by.”
—F. H. E. in “The Methodist Recorder,” London.

Nothing is more beautiful than the sight of a company of

Christians singing their hymns of praise.
—Roy L. Smith.

40

That Was Yesterday!

“Why, Samuel!” exclaimed the surprised wife of the beloved Bishop
Samuel Fallows, one morning.

The story as related by Dr. Roy L. Smith referred to a night when the
ageing bishop returned from a rather stormy meeting. Harsh things
had been said, and he appeared thoroughly discouraged. Entering
the home, his wife, with womanly instinct, sensed the situation. The
bishop even went to bed without partaking of his usual cup of hot
milk.

Full of understanding sympathy, his wife expected him to remain in

bed a little later than usual, and possibly have breakfast taken to
him. But when she quietly entered his room, he was pulling the
“weights of his ancient exercise machine.” Meanwhile he was
singing:

“Come, Thou Fount of every blessing;

Tune my heart to sing Thy grace,
Streams of mercy, never ceasing,
Call for songs of loudest praise.”

All this was so unexpected that the good and anxious woman, in her
astonishment, could only say, “Why, Samuel!”

“Why what?” questioned the bishop, without missing a beat in the

rhythm of his morning exercise.

“Why that board meeting last night. I thought you would stay in bed
this morning, and try to get a bit of rest.”

“That board meeting, what about it?” he asked, as he came to a

halt.

“Why it must have been terrible. You came home utterly spent and
discouraged,” was the reply.
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