6/21/25, 10:24 PM Navratan of Akbar-Description and 9 Ratnas
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General Knowledge Navratan of Akbar
Navratan of Akbar
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Who were the Navratnas of Akbar
Mughul Emperor Akbar was one of the most renowned kings in Indian history. From 1556 until 1605, he
ruled over the majority of the Indian subcontinent, extending Mughal authority. Akbar undertook
initiatives to win the loyalty of the non-Muslim inhabitants of his realm in order to maintain the unity
of his kingdom. He restructured and reinforced his central administration, as well as centralizing and
reorganizing his financial system and tax collecting operations. He never rejected Islam, but he was
interested in other religions and persuaded Hindus, Parsis, Christians, and Muslims to engage in
theological debates in front of him.
Among all the histories of the Mughal Emperor, nine gems of Akbar or the Navratnas are the most
talked about. They were also called the Navratnas of Akbar or the nine gems of Akbar. Although
Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great was not the first to honor scholarly individuals as the nine gems or
jewels of his empire, his navratnas are perhaps the most famous.
As a monarch, he effectively expanded the Mughal Empire over virtually the whole Indian
Subcontinent to the north of the Godavari River. Despite his illiteracy, Akbar was a patron of artists
and intellectuals and had a strong desire to learn. He amassed a vast library of approximately
24,000 books written in Sanskrit, Urdu, Persian, Greek, Latin, Arabic, and Kashmiri, containing the works
of a wide range of academics, translators, painters, calligraphers, scribes, bookbinders, and readers.
For study and conversation, his court welcomed holy men of all faiths, poets, architects, and artists
from all over the world. These were also called the Navratan of Akbar.
In 1582 AD, he proposed Din-i-Ilahi, a syncretism religion, to reconcile divisions in his kingdom based
on faith, in an attempt to collect the teachings and finest components of the many faiths in the
Indian subcontinent. In addition to Christianity, Jainism, Sikhism, and Zoroastrianism, most aspects of
the faith were derived from Islam and Hinduism.
9 Ratna of Akbar
The "Nine Gems of Akbar," or Navratnas Nauratan, are nine members of the Mughal Emperor Akbar's
court. These navratnas of Akbar court are the most prominent ones. Emperor Akbar had a passion
for the arts and education, which impacted his royal court appointments. Artists, singers, authors,
finance ministers, soldiers, and poets composed the Nine Gems or the 9 ratna of Akbar.
1) Abu’l-Fazl ibn Mubarak
Abu'l was the second son of an Indian scholar and teacher Sheikh Mubarak and was born in Agra.
This little genius could read and write at the age of five thanks to an Arabic education. He is one of
the nine jewels of Akbar.
An early occurrence in his life exemplifies his brilliance. When he came upon an Ishafani dictionary
that had been devoured by white ants, he took out the eaten portions and taped the blank paper to
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6/21/25, 10:24 PM Navratan of Akbar-Description and 9 Ratnas
it. He produced a full draught of the dictionary after discovering the beginning and finish of each
piece. Only three differences separated the original work from Fazl's draught.
At the age of 23, he was welcomed into Emperor Akbar's court. He extended the attitude of religious
tolerance to his monarch and the empire as a liberal thinker. His first position was as a military
commander in the Deccan. He is well known for writing Akbarnama, a three-volume chronicle of
Akbar's life and kingdom.
2) Raja Todar Mal
Todar Mal was born into a Hindu household in Laharpur, Uttar Pradesh, but his father died while he
was a child. As a fatherless youngster, he struggled to make ends meet. From his lowly beginnings as
a scribe, he rose through the ranks to become in control of Sher Shah Suri's new fort of Rohtas in
Punjab.
Todar Mal remained to serve Akbar when the Mughals conquered the Suri monarch. He was then
appointed governor of Gujarat and given command of Agra. The revenue system, which he
implemented together with a land surveying system, standard weights and measurements, and
revenue districts, is his most major gift to India, which is still in use in various places today. He is
among the leading Akbar Navratna name.
3) Abdul Rahim Khan-L-Khana
One of the well-known nine jewels of Akbar. If asked who was the court poet of Akbar? Abdil was the
leading one. He was a poet as well as one of Akbar's most powerful dewans. Khan Khana, in the
Nawanshahr region of Punjab, is named for him. He is known for his Urdu couplets and Sanskrit
astrological works such as Khetakautukam and Dwatrimshadyogavali. Bairam Khan, Akbar's beloved
protector and mentor was his father.
After his father was assassinated, his mother and a young Rahim were safely sent to Akbar's imperial
palace. The emperor bestowed the title of "Mirza Khan" on Rahim and arranged for him to marry the
daughter of Mirza Aziz Kokah, son of Ataga Khan, a prominent Mughal noble. Abdul was well-known
for his charitable contributions to the needy. He never looked them in the eyes of the people, instead
of casting his gaze down and distributing alms in humility. He authored a number of dohas and
translated Babar's memoirs from Chagatai to Persian, including the renowned Baburnama.
4) Raja Birbal
He was a Hindu adviser at Akbar's court who became well-known in India because of ancient folk
stories praising his humor. He was a personal friend of the Emperor and a poet and vocalist. Birbal
commanded an army to suppress the insurrection in the northwest in 1586, but he was slain in an
ambush with 8000 men, the Mughal Empire’s largest military defeat at the time.
The Emperor was so upset that he fasted and drank for nearly two days to lament the loss of his
favorite courtier. Raja Birbal was the sole Hindu to convert to Akbar's religion, Din-i Ilahi.
5) Mulla Do- Piyaza
He was Akbar's Minister of Home Affairs, in command of the Mughal Empire's version of a police force,
and was in charge of the country's internal security. Many historians, however, have declared his
existence to be fake. In most 19th-century folktales, he appears as the humorous Muslim counterpart
to Birbal.
6) Faizi
Faizi was the pen name of Sheikh Abu al-Faiz ibn Mubarak, an Arab poet, and philosopher. He was
named the Malik-ush-Shu'ara, or poet laureate, of Akbar's Court in 1588. He was Abul Fazl's elder
brother and the author of Akbarnama.
Sheikh Mubarak, Fazio’s father, was born in Agra. When he arrived at court, he was assigned as a
tutor to Akbar's sons, Salim, Murad, and Daniyal, due to his intellect. In Persian, he wrote over 100
notable poetry pieces. Tabashir al-Subh was his Divan (collection of poetry), which included qasidas,
ghazals, ruba'is, and elegies.
7) Fakir Aziao-Din
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6/21/25, 10:24 PM Navratan of Akbar-Description and 9 Ratnas
Fakir Aziao-Din was a mystic who served as Emperor Akbar's top counselor. The emperor respected
his advice highly, and he was appropriately named one of his court's nine gems, or Navratnas. He
counseled the Emperor on religious concerns.
8) Tansen
He was born into a Hindu household and studied music in modern-day Madhya Pradesh. He began
his career under the patronage of Rewa State Governor Ram Chand and quickly rose to prominence.
When Tansen attracted Akbar's interest, he dispatched emissaries to Ram Chand, demanding that
the musician join his court. While Tansen first declined, Ram Chand, urged him to reach a broader
audience and, at the age of 60, sent him to Akbar's court with presents. He was an instrumentalist,
composer, musician, and vocalist who were also one of the most important figures in Indian
Hindustani classical music. Tansen was the most beloved Navratnas of Akbar court.
9) Raja Man Singh 1
He was Amber's Rajput Raja (present-day Jaipur). Manorama Bai, one of Akbar's most loyal generals,
married Shah Jahan's oldest son, Crown Prince Dara Shikoh.
He was roughly eight years younger than Akbar and 10 years younger than Rana Pratap. He was born
to King Bhagwant Das and his wife Bhagawati of Amber. These three contemporaries set the
groundwork for India's politics and history in the sixteenth century. Previously known as Kunwar
(prince), he was given the title of Mirza (Raja) and the mansab (rank) of 5000 by Akbar following his
father's death.
Akbar was a reformer to the core. He provided peace to his subjects and treated them decently. He
was an outspoken opponent of prejudice against Hindus and Muslims, and he served in the military
while advocating for religious tolerance. His nine jewels (Navratnas), whose recommendations widen
his range of thought, also contributed to his tolerance and kindness.
FAQs on Navratan of Akbar
1) Which Mughal king had the nine gems in its court?
Emperor Akbar, the great Mughal monarch, was known for his effective administrative skills and wise adviser selection.
The "Nine Gems," or Navratnas Nauratan, are nine members of the Mughal Emperor Akbar's court.
2) Who were the Navratna of Akbar and their work?
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