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Signal Transduction Ques

The document contains a series of questions related to signal transduction, covering topics such as types of cell signaling, receptor types, and the roles of second messengers like cAMP and IP3. It includes multiple-choice questions in Part A and open-ended questions in Part B that require definitions and explanations of key concepts in cell signaling. Overall, it serves as a study guide for understanding the mechanisms and importance of cell signaling in multicellular organisms.

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49 views2 pages

Signal Transduction Ques

The document contains a series of questions related to signal transduction, covering topics such as types of cell signaling, receptor types, and the roles of second messengers like cAMP and IP3. It includes multiple-choice questions in Part A and open-ended questions in Part B that require definitions and explanations of key concepts in cell signaling. Overall, it serves as a study guide for understanding the mechanisms and importance of cell signaling in multicellular organisms.

Uploaded by

khutsopax
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION QUESTIONS

PART A
1. Cell signaling can lead to all of the following except:
A) Muscle contraction
B) Changes in transcription
C) Protein secretion
D) Photosynthesis

2. Which type of cell signaling involves hormones being released into the bloodstream to
reach distant target cells?
A) Paracrine
B) Endocrine
C) Autocrine
D) Direct signaling (gap junctions)

3. Which type of signaling involves a cell releasing a signal that then binds to receptors on
its own surface?
A) Paracrine
B) Endocrine
C) Autocrine
D) Direct signaling (gap junctions)

4. Which of the following receptors is typically located inside the cell rather than on the
cell surface?
A) Ion channel-linked receptor
B) Intracellular (nuclear) steroid hormone receptor
C) G-protein-coupled receptor
D) Receptor tyrosine kinase

5. Which of these is not a general category of cell-surface receptors?


A) Ion channel-linked receptor
B) G-protein-linked receptor
C) Enzyme-linked (tyrosine kinase) receptor
D) Internal (intracellular) receptor

6. Which of the following is NOT one of the three stages of cell signaling?
A) Reception
B) Transduction
C) Amplification
D) Response

7. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and inositol triphosphate (IP3) are examples of:
A) Primary messengers (ligands)
B) Second messengers
C) DNA-binding transcription factors
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION QUESTIONS

D) Membrane ion channels


8. What is the effect of cAMP on protein kinase A (PKA)?
A) It inhibits PKA.
B) It activates PKA
C) It causes PKA to be degraded.
D) It has no direct effect on PKA.

9. What role does IP3 (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate) play in a signaling pathway?


A) It activates adenylyl cyclase.
B) It directly activates protein kinase C (PKC).
C) It triggers the release of Ca from the endoplasmic reticulum
D) It inhibits phospholipase C.

10. What event causes a heterotrimeric G-protein to become activated?


A) Binding of GDP to the G-protein
B) Hydrolysis of GTP to GDP
C) Exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit
D) Phosphorylation of the beta-gamma subunits

PART B

1. Define cell signaling and explain why it is essential in multicellular organisms.


2. Name and briefly describe the four main categories of cell signaling (paracrine,
endocrine, autocrine, direct).
3. What is the difference between an internal (intracellular) receptor and a cell-surface
receptor?
4. List the three stages of cell signaling and describe what happens at each stage
(reception, transduction, response).
5. What is a second messenger? Give two examples and explain their general role in a
signaling pathway.
6. How does cyclic AMP (cAMP) activate protein kinase A (PKA) in the cAMP signaling
pathway?
7. Explain how IP3 (inositol trisphosphate) and DAG (diacylglycerol) are generated and
describe their roles in signal transduction.
8. What is calmodulin, and how does it function in calcium mediated signaling?
9. Outline the sequence of events that occur when a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) is
activated by its ligand.
10. Describe one mechanism by which a signaling pathway is turned off or downregulated
after being activated.

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