History of Microsoft Word

The first version of Microsoft Word was developed by

Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie, former Xerox
programmers hired by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in 1981.
Both programmers worked on Xerox Bravo, the first
WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) word
processor. The first Word version, Word 1.0, was released in
October 1983 for Xenix, MS-DOS, and IBM; it was followed
by four very similar versions that were not very successful.
The first Windows version was released in 1989, with a
slightly improved interface. When Windows 3.0 was released
in 1990, Word became a huge commercial success. Word for
Windows 1.0 was followed by Word 2.0 in 1991 and Word
6.0 in 1993. Then it was renamed to Word 95 and Word 97, Installation floppy of Microsoft Word for
Word 2000 and Word for Office XP (to follow Windows UNIX Systems, version 5.0 (distributed
commercial names). With the release of Word 2003, the by SCO, 1990)[1]
numbering was again year-based. Since then, Windows
versions include Word 2007, Word 2010, Word 2013, Word
2016, and most recently, Word for Office 365.

In 1986, an agreement between Atari and Microsoft brought Word to the Atari ST.[2] The Atari ST version
was a translation of Word 1.05 for the Apple Macintosh; however, it was released under the name
Microsoft Write (the name of the word processor included with Windows during the 1980s and early
1990s).[3][4] Unlike other versions of Word, the Atari version was a one-time release with no future
updates or revisions. The release of Microsoft Write in 1988 was one of two major PC applications to be
released for the Atari ST (the other application being WordPerfect).

In 2014, the source code for Word for Windows version 1.1a was made available to the Computer History
Museum and the public for educational purposes.[5][6]

Word for DOS

The first Microsoft Word was released in 1983 as Multi-Tool Word at the same time as the first Microsoft
Mouse. Costing $395,[7] it featured graphics video mode and mouse support in a WYSIWYG interface. It
could run in text mode or graphics mode but the visual difference between the two was minor. In graphics
mode, the document and interface were rendered in a fixed font size monospace character grid with italic,
bold and underline features that were not available in text mode. It had support for style sheets in separate
files (.STY).
The first version of Word was a 16-bit PC DOS/MS-DOS application. A Macintosh 68000 version named
Word 1.0 was released in 1985 and a Microsoft Windows version was released in 1989. The three
products shared the same Microsoft Word name, the same version numbers but were very different
products built on different code bases. Three product lines co-existed: Word 1.0 to Word 5.1a[8] for
Macintosh, Word 1.0 to Word 2.0 for Windows and Word 1.0 to Word 5.5 for DOS.

Word 1.1 for DOS was released in 1984 and added the Print Merge support, equivalent to the Mail Merge
feature in newer Word systems.

Word 2.0 for DOS was released in 1985 and featured Extended Graphics Adapter (EGA) support.

Word 3.0 for DOS was released in 1986.

Word 4.0 for DOS was released in 1987 and added support for revision marks (equivalent to the Track
Changes feature in more recent Word versions), search/replace by style and macros stored as keystroke
sequences.[9] Computer Intelligence estimated that year that Microsoft had 4% of the Fortune 1000 PC
word processor market.[10]

Word 5.0 for DOS, released in 1989, added support for bookmarks, cross-references and conditions and
loops in macros, remaining backwards compatible with Word 3.0 macros. The macro language differed
from the WinWord 1.0 WordBasic macro language.

Word 5.5 for DOS, released in 1990, significantly changed the user interface, with popup menus and
dialog boxes. Even in graphics mode, these graphical user interface (GUI) elements got the monospace
ASCII art look and feel found in text mode programs like Microsoft QuickBasic.

Word 6.0 for DOS, the last Word for DOS version, was released in 1993, at the same time as Word 6.0 for
Windows (16-bit) and Word 6.0 for Macintosh. Although Macintosh and Windows versions shared the
same code base, the Word for DOS was different. The Word 6.0 for DOS macro language was compatible
with the Word 3.x-5.x macro language while Word 6.0 for Windows and Word 6.0 for Macintosh
inherited WordBasic from the Word 1.0/2.0 for Windows code base. The DOS and Windows versions of
Word 6.0 had different file formats.

Word for Windows 1989 to 1995

The first version of Word for Windows was released in November 1989 at a price of USD $498, but was
not very popular as Windows users still comprised a minority of the market.[11] The next year, Windows
3.0 debuted, followed shortly afterwards by WinWord 1.1, which was updated for the new OS. The
failure of WordPerfect to produce a Windows version proved a fatal mistake. The following year, in 1991,
WinWord 2.0 was released which had further improvements and finally solidified Word's marketplace
dominance. WinWord 6.0 came out in 1993 and was designed for the newly released Windows 3.1.[12]

The early versions of Word also included copy protection mechanisms that tried to detect debuggers, and
if one was found, it produced the message "The tree of evil bears bitter fruit. Only the Shadow knows.
Now trashing program disk." and performed a zero seek on the floppy disk (but did not delete its
contents).[13][14][15]
After MacWrite, Word for Macintosh never had any serious rivals, although programs such as Nisus
Writer provided features such as non-continuous selection, which were not added until Word 2002 in
Office XP. Word 5.1 for the Macintosh, released in 1992, was a very popular word processor, owing to its
elegance, relative ease of use and feature set. However, version 6.0 for the Macintosh, released in 1994,
was widely derided, unlike the Windows version. It was the first version of Word based on a common
code base between the Windows and Mac versions; many accused the Mac version of being slow, clumsy
and memory intensive.

With the release of Word 6.0 in 1993 Microsoft again attempted to synchronize the version numbers and
coordinate product naming across platforms; this time across the three versions for DOS, Macintosh, and
Windows (where the previous version was Word for Windows 2.0). There may have also been thought
given to matching the current version 6.0 of WordPerfect for DOS and Windows, Word's major
competitor. However, this wound up being the last version of Word for DOS. In addition, subsequent
versions of Word were no longer referred to by version number, and were instead named after the year of
their release (e.g. Word 95 for Windows, synchronizing its name with Windows 95, and Word 98 for
Macintosh), once again breaking the synchronization.

When Microsoft became aware of the Year 2000 problem, it released the entire DOS port of Microsoft
Word 5.5 instead of getting people to pay for the update. As of March 2024, it is still available for
download from Microsoft's web site.[16]

Word 6.0 was the second attempt to develop a common code base version of Word. The first, code-named
Pyramid, had been an attempt to completely rewrite the existing product. It was abandoned when Chris
Peters replaced Jeff Raikes as the general manager of the Word group[17] and determined it would take
the development team too long to rewrite and then catch up with all the new capabilities that could have
been added in the same time without a rewrite. Therefore, Word 6.0 for Windows and Macintosh were
both derived from Word 2.0 for Windows code base. The Word 3.0 to 5.0 for Windows version numbers
were skipped (outside of DBCS locales) in order to keep the version numbers consistent between
Macintosh and Windows versions. Supporters of Pyramid claimed that it would have been faster, smaller,
and more stable than the product that was eventually released for Macintosh, and which was compiled
using a beta version of Visual C++ 2.0 that targets the Macintosh, so many optimizations have to be
turned off (the version 4.2.1 of Office is compiled using the final version), and sometimes use the
Windows API simulation library included.[18] Pyramid would have been truly cross-platform, with
machine-independent application code and a small mediation layer between the application and the
operating system.

More recent versions of Word for Macintosh are no longer ported versions of Word for Windows.

Later versions of Word have more capabilities than merely word processing. The drawing tool allows
simple desktop publishing operations, such as adding graphics to documents.

Write for Atari ST

In 1986, Atari announced an agreement with Microsoft to bring Microsoft Write to the Atari ST.[19] The
agreement was first teased by Compute!'s Atari ST Disk & Magazine in October 1986 (the premier issue)
via the rumors & gossip section reporting, "Mum's The Word: At this writing, Atari is expected to soon
announce a major software deal with a big-name software company--one of the biggest, in fact. If the
deal goes through, it should turn a lot of heads and gain new respect for Atari and the ST. Even the
Macintosh and IBM people will be impressed. Sorry, but we promised not to reveal any more about this
one."[20]

Atari ST User’s Mike Cowley commented on the enthusiasm within the industry regarding the agreement
between Atari and Microsoft writing, “It is not just the provision of the package that is being seen as a
coup by Atari, but the fact that it carries with it an endorsement for the ST from such a powerful
company. “You could compare it with a blessing from the Pope”, observed one industry pundit.”[21] ST-
Log’s D.F. Scott offered a thoughtful insight on the impact of the agreement, “Superior or mediocre
(Microsoft Word), Atari has scored a victory in acquiring Microsoft's assistance. There's only one
microcomputer I can name, to date, which has thrived without being somehow shaped by the hand of Bill
Gates at Microsoft, and it is the ST. That should be an indication of the machine's strength-it has
independence, not "compatibility."[22]

For the 1988 holiday shopping season, STart magazine reported Atari bundling Microsoft Write with a
couple of their Atari ST packages including an Atari Mega ST 2 package (Atari SLM804 laser printer,
Microsoft Write, The Terminal Emulator, and VIP Professional) for $2995 and an Atari 520STFM
monochrome package (Arrakis Scholastic Series package, Atari Planetarium, Battlezone, Microsoft
Write, and Missile Command) for $699.[23]

Microsoft Write for the Atari ST retailed at $129.95 and is one of two high-profile PC word processors
that were released on the Atari platform. The other application is WordPerfect. Getting Microsoft Word
and WordPerfect on the Atari ST platform was considered a big win for Atari as during the ST era Atari
(reemerging from the "Video Game Crash of 1983" as a Fortune 500[24] public company) was trying to
downplay their videogames image and reimagine itself as a serious business computer brand as it
competed against the PC and Macintosh markets. Leonard Tramiel (Vice President Of Software
Development) boasted of Microsoft and WordPerfect Corporation's involvement on the Atari ST platform
saying, "You don't get much bigger names than those."[25] STart would declare, “The two most talked-
about programs under development are Microsoft Write and WordPerfect.”[26]

Microsoft Write also featured a "Help Screen" tool to help a user explore the advanced features of the
word processor. STart praised the help screen feature stating that “Write's online help screens are a
significant aid: their form and presentation should be seriously studied by other ST developers. Each help
screen doesn't just list the commands, it actually explains how to use the program in easily understood
language.”[27]

STart's Ian Chadwick wrote, "To put Write into perspective, it is basically a decent GEM-based word
processor, but at a price that puts it above most of its competitors."[28] Writing in Antic, Gregg Pearlman
commented, "You could call Write a "full-featured" word processor. It's GEM-based and it can (but
doesn't have to) run under GDOS. It can use any of several fonts in a WYSIWYG format. It has a search-
and-replace feature as well as cut-and-paste, and a visible (non-editable) copy buffer called the
Clipboard."[29] Atari ST User described Microsoft Write in their ST User Software Buyer’s Guide as,
“Easy-to-use GDOS document processor. Very reminiscent of the Macintosh in places.” [30] Atari
Explorer's John Jainschigg wrote, "All in all, Microsoft Write is a powerful, flexible, and genuinely easy-
to-use word processor appropriate for business, professional, and academic writing."[31]
In 1990 Atari ST User would reminisce about the 1986 agreement milestone that brought Word to the
Atari ST writing, "Four Years Ago: Atari announces that US software giant Microsoft, is to produce an
ST version of their Macintosh document processor, Microsoft Word. The ST package, to be called
Microsoft Write, was said at the time to signify the ST's arrival as a serious business tool."[32]

Microsoft Office

Word 95
Word 95 was released as part of Office 95 and was numbered 7.0, consistently with all Office
components. It ran exclusively on the Win32 platform, but otherwise had few new features. The file
format did not change.

Word 97
Word 97 had the same general operating performance as later versions such as Word 2000. This was the
first copy of Word featuring the Office Assistant, "Clippit", which was an animated helper used in all
Office programs. This was a takeover from the earlier launched concept in Microsoft Bob. Word 97
introduced the macro programming language Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) which remains in use
in Word 2016.

Word 98
Word 98 for the Macintosh gained many features of Word 97, and was bundled with the Macintosh Office
98 package. Document compatibility reached parity with Office 97 and Word on the Mac became a viable
business alternative to its Windows counterpart. Unfortunately, Word on the Mac in this and later releases
also became vulnerable to future macro viruses that could compromise Word (and Excel) documents,
leading to the only situation where viruses could be cross-platform. A Windows version of this was only
bundled with the Japanese/Korean Microsoft Office 97 Powered By Word 98 and could not be purchased
separately. It was then released in the same period as well.

Word 2000

Word 2001/Word X
Word 2001 was bundled with the Macintosh Office for that platform, acquiring most, if not all, of the
feature set of Word 2000. Released in October 2000, Word 2001 was also sold as an individual product.
The Macintosh version, Word X, released in 2001, was the first version to run natively on (and required)
Mac OS X.

Word 2002/XP
Word 2002 was bundled with Office XP and was released in 2001. It had many of the same features as
Word 2000, but had a major new feature called the 'Task Panes', which gave quicker information and
control to a lot of features that were before only available in modal dialog boxes. One of the key
advertising strategies for the software was the removal of the Office Assistant in favor of a new help
system, although it was simply disabled by default.

Word 2003
Microsoft Office 2003 is an office suite developed and distributed by Microsoft for its Windows
operating system. Office 2003 was released to manufacturing on August 19, 2003, and was later released
to retail on October 21, 2003. It was the successor to Office XP and the predecessor to Office 2007.

Word 2004
A new Macintosh version of Office was released in May 2004. Substantial cleanup of the various
applications (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) and feature parity with Office 2003 (for Microsoft Windows)
created a very usable release. Microsoft released patches through the years to eliminate most known
macro vulnerabilities from this version. While Apple released Pages and the open source community
created NeoOffice, Word remains the most widely used word processor on the Macintosh. Office 2004 for
Mac is a version of Microsoft Office developed for Mac OS X. It is equivalent to Office 2003 for
Windows. The software was originally written for PowerPC Macs, so Macs with Intel CPUs must run the
program under Mac OS X's Rosetta emulation layer. Also: Stable release: v11.6.6 / December 13, 2011; 7
years ago

Word 2007
The release includes numerous changes, including a new XML-based file format, a redesigned interface,
an integrated equation editor and bibliographic management. Additionally, an XML data bag was
introduced, accessible via the object model and file format, called Custom XML – this can be used in
conjunction with a new feature called Content Controls to implement structured documents. It also has
contextual tabs, which are functionality specific only to the object with focus, and many other features
like Live Preview (which enables you to view the document without making any permanent changes),
Mini Toolbar, Super-tooltips, Quick Access toolbar, SmartArt, etc.

Word 2007 uses a new file format called docx. Word 2000–2003 users on Windows systems can install a
free add-on called the "Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack" to be able to open, edit, and save the new
Word 2007 files.[33] Alternatively, Word 2007 can save to the old doc format of Word 97–2003.[34][35]

Word 2008
Word 2008 was released on January 15, 2008. It includes some new features from Word 2007, such as a
ribbon-like feature that can be used to select page layouts and insert custom diagrams and images. Word
2008 also features native support for the new Office Open XML format, although the old doc format can
be set as a default.[36] Microsoft Office 2008 for Mac is a version of the Microsoft Office productivity
suite for Mac OS X. It supersedes Office 2004 for Mac and is the Mac OS X equivalent of Office 2007.
Office 2008 was developed by Microsoft's Macintosh Business Unit and released on January 15, 2008.
Word 2010
Microsoft Office 2010 is a version of the Microsoft Office productivity suite for Microsoft Windows.
Office 2010 was released to manufacturing on April 15, 2010, and was later made available for retail and
online purchase on June 15, 2010. It is the successor to Office 2007 and the predecessor to Office 2013.

Word 2011

Word 2013
The release of Word 2013 has brought Word a cleaner look and this version focuses further on Cloud
Computing with documents being saved automatically to OneDrive (previously Skydrive). If enabled,
documents and settings roam with the user. Other notable features are a new read mode which allows for
horizontal scrolling of pages in columns, a bookmark to find where the user left off reading their
document and opening PDF documents in Word just like Word content. The version released for the
Windows 8 operating system is modified for use with a touchscreen and on tablets. It is the first version
of Word to not run on Windows XP or Windows Vista.[37]

Word 2016
On July 9, 2015, Microsoft Word 2016 was released. Features include the tell me, share and faster shape
formatting options. Other useful features include realtime collaboration, which allows users to store
documents on Share Point or OneDrive, as well as an improved version history and a smart lookup tool.
As usual, several editions of the program were released, including one for home and one for business.

Word 2019
Word 2019 added support for Scalable Vector Graphics, Microsoft Translator, and LaTeX, as well as
expanded drawing functionality.[38]

Word 2021
Word 2021 was released in October 2021. As of early 2024, the latest version was 2312 (build
17126.20132).

Word 2024
Word 2024 is expected to be released in the second half of 2024.[39]

Word included with Office 365

Microsoft Office 365 is a free/paid subscription plan for the classic Office applications.

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37. Microsoft Technet System Requirements for Office 2013 (https://technet.microsoft.com/en-u
s/library/ee624351.aspx)
38. What's New in Microsoft Office 2019 — HelpdeskGeek (https://helpdeskgeek.com/office-tip
s/whats-new-in-microsoft-office-2019/)
39. Hazarika, Skanda (November 8, 2023). "Exclusive: Microsoft Office 2024 is coming next
year, and you can try the preview now" (https://www.xda-developers.com/microsoft-office-20
24-coming/). XDA Developers. Retrieved January 29, 2024.

Further reading
Tsang, Cheryl. Microsoft: First Generation. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-
33206-2.
Liebowitz, Stan J. & Margolis, Stephen E. WINNERS, LOSERS & MICROSOFT:
Competition and Antitrust in High Technology Oakland: Independent Institute. ISBN 0-
945999-80-1.

External links
Microsoft Word home page (http://office.microsoft.com/word/)
The Word Object Model (http://visualbasic.about.com/od/learnvba/l/blecvbai0204.htm)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160415023127/http://visualbasic.about.com/od/lear
nvba/l/blecvbai0204.htm) April 15, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
Ms Word Files Generation using .net framework (http://www.tipsdotnet.com/ArticleBlog.asp
x?KWID=71&Area=MsWord&PageIndex=0)
Microsoft Word 1.0 for Macintosh screenshots (http://www.knubbelmac.de/bildschau.html?b
asis=ms-word-1)
[2] (https://www.slideshare.net/KishanKhunt1/history-of-microsoft-msword)

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