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The document critically reviews and compares the motivational theories of Maslow, Herzberg, and McClelland, focusing on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs which outlines a pyramid of needs from physiological to self-actualization. It emphasizes that basic needs must be satisfied before higher-level needs can influence behavior, and discusses the implications of unmet needs on individual motivation and well-being. The review highlights the significance of understanding these theories in the context of human behavior and motivation.

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Aishath Najaath
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2 views1 page

Page 4

The document critically reviews and compares the motivational theories of Maslow, Herzberg, and McClelland, focusing on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs which outlines a pyramid of needs from physiological to self-actualization. It emphasizes that basic needs must be satisfied before higher-level needs can influence behavior, and discusses the implications of unmet needs on individual motivation and well-being. The review highlights the significance of understanding these theories in the context of human behavior and motivation.

Uploaded by

Aishath Najaath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Critical Review and Comparism Between Maslow, Herzberg and Mcclelland's Theory of Needs

Comparing Motivational Theories of Maslow, ultimately fail. Physiological needs are thought to
Herzberg and McClelland be the most important; they should be met first.
Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of Needs There are the requirements for survival in all
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is often portrayed in animals, including humans. Clothing and shelter
the shape of a pyramid with the largest, most provide necessary protection from the elements.
fundamental levels of needs at the bottom and the While maintaining an adequate birth rate shapes
need for self-actualization and self-transcendence the intensity of the human sexual instinct, sexual
at the top (Maslow.1943, Steere, 1988) competition may also shape said instinct (Maslow,
1943).
The most fundamental and basic four layers of the
pyramid contain what Maslow called "deficiency b) Safety needs such as security and protection from
needs" or "d-needs": esteem, friendship and love, physical and emotional harm. Once a person's
security, and physical needs. If these "deficiency physiological needs are relatively satisfied, their
needs" are not met with the exception of the most safety needs take precedence and dominate
fundamental (physiological) need, there may not behavior. In the absence of physical safety – due to
be a physical indication, but the individual will war, natural disaster, family violence, childhood
feel anxious and tense. Maslow's theory suggests abuse, etc. – people may (re-)experience post-
that the most basic level of needs must be met traumatic stress disorder or trans-generational
before the individual will strongly desire (or focus trauma. In the absence of economic safety – due to
motivation upon) the secondary or higher level economic crisis and lack of work opportunities –
needs. Maslow also coined the term “meta- these safety needs manifest themselves in ways such
motivation” to describe the motivation of people as a preference for job security, grievance
who go beyond the scope of the basic needs and procedures for protecting the individual from
strive for constant betterment (Goble 1970) unilateral authority, savings accounts, insurance
policies, disability accommodations, etc. Safety and
Maslow portrayed the needs of individuals in the Security needs include: Personal security, financial
form of a pyramid with several stages of security, Health and well-being, Safety net against
needs. At the least was the physiological accidents/illness and their adverse impacts.
needs and the highest was the self-
actualization. According to Baridam (2002), c ) S o c i a l b e l o n g i n g n e e d s : a ff e c t i o
Maslow based his theory of human motivation n , belongingness, acceptance and friendship.
on the following assumptions: After physiological and safety needs are fulfilled,
1) Individuals have certain needs that influence the third level of human needs is interpersonal and
their behavior, only unsatisfied needs can involves feelings of belongingness. Deficiencies
influence behavior, satisfied needs do not act within this level of Maslow's hierarchy can
as motivators. adversely affect the individual's ability to form
2) Needs are arranged in an order of importance and maintain emotionally significant relationships
or hierarchy from the basic physiological to in general, such as: friendships, intimacy, and
the complex self-actualization needs, family. According to Maslow (1943) humans need
3) An individual's need at any level on the to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance
hierarchy emerges only when the lower needs among their social groups, not considering the
are reasonably satisfied. size of the groups. For instance, some large social
It is probably safe to say that the most well known groups may include clubs, co-workers, religious
theory of motivation is Abraham Maslow's theory groups, professional organizations, sports teams,
of Needs. Maslow hypothesized that within every and gangs.(Maslow (1943).
human being, there exists a hierarchy of five
needs which are: d) Esteem needs: internal factors such as self-
a) Physiological needs such as hunger, thirst, respect, autonomy, achievement and external factors
shelter, sex and other bodily needs. Physiological such as status, recognition and attention. All humans
needs are the physical requirements for human have a need to feel respected; this includes the need
survival. If these requirements are not met, the to have self- esteem and self-respect. Esteem need
human body cannot function properly and will presents the typical human desire to be

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