NAND VIDYA NIKETAN

WORKHEET CHAPTER -2(Is Matter Around Us Pure)

Class -IX
Question 1.
Which of the following statements are true for pure substances?
(i) Pure substances contain only one kind of particles.
(ii) Pure substances may be compounds or mixtures.
(iii) Pure substances have the same composition throughout.
(iv) Pure substances can be exemplified by all elements other than nickel.
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iii)
Solution:
(b) Pure substances are made up of only one kind of particles and they have same
composition throughout. Mixtures are not pure substances. Only elements and compounds are
pure substances.

Question 2.
Rusting of an article made up of iron is called
(a) corrosion and it is a physical as well as chemical change
(b) dissolution and it is a physical change
(c) corrosion and it is a chemical change
(d) dissolution and it is a chemical change.
Solution:
(c) Rusting of an article made up of iron is called corrosion. It is a chemical change because a
new substance hydrated iron oxide called rust is formed.

Question 3.
A mixture of sulphur and carbon disulphide is
(a) heterogeneous and shows Tyndall effect
(b) homogeneous and shows Tyndall effect
(c) heterogeneous and does not show Tyndall effect
(d) homogeneous and does not show Tyndall effect.
Solution:
(d) Sulphur is soluble in carbon disulphide hence, a solution is formed when sulphur is mixed
with carbon disulphide. Solution is homogeneous and does not show Tyndall effect.

Question 4.
Tincture of iodine has antiseptic properties. This solution is made by dissolving
(a) iodine in potassium iodide
(b) iodine in vaseline
(c) iodine in water
(d) iodine in alcohol.
Solution:
(d) Iodine dissolved in alcohol is known as tincture of iodine and has antiseptic properties.

Question 5.
Which of the following are homogeneous in nature?
(i) Ice
(ii) Wood
(iii) Soil
(iv) Air
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (ii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
Solution:
(c) Ice and air are homogeneous in nature since they have same composition throughout and
there are no visible boundaries between the components.

Question 6.
Which of the following are physical changes?
(i) Melting of iron metal
(ii) Rusting of iron
(iii) Bending of an iron rod :
(iv) Drawing a wire of iron metal
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(b) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(c) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Solution:
(c) Melting of iron metal, bending of an iron rod and drawing a wire of iron metal are
physical changes since no new substances are formed during these changes. Only rusting of
iron is a chemical change since a new substance rust is formed.

Question 7.
Which of the following are chemical changes?
(i) Decaying of wood
(ii) Burning of wood
(iii) Sawing of wood
(iv) Hammering of a nail into a piece of wood
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iv)
Solution:
(a) Decaying of wood and burning of wood are chemical changes since there is a change in
chemical composition of wood. Sawing of wood and hammering of a nail into a piece of
wood are physical changes since there is no change in the composition of the wood during
these changes.
Question 8.
Two substances, A and B were made to react to form a third substance, A2B according to the
following reaction: 2A + B → A2B
Which of the following statements concerning this reaction are incorrect?
(i) The product A2B shows the properties of substances A and B.
(ii) The product will always have a fixed composition.
(iii) The product so formed cannot be classified as a compound.
(iv) The product so formed is an element.
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
Solution:
(c) 2A + B → A2B
The product A2B is a new compound formed hence, it does not show properties of A and B.
The product formed is a compound and not an element.

Question 9.
Two chemical species X and Y combine together to form a product P which contains both X
and Y
X+Y→ P
X and Y cannot be broken down into simpler substances by simple chemical reactions.
Which of the following concerning the species X, Y and P are correct?
(i) Pis a compound.
(ii) X and Y are compound.
(iii) X and Y are elements.
(iv) P has a fixed composition.
(a) (1), (ii) and (iii),
(b) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i), (iii) and (iv)
Solution:
(d) X + Y→P
X and Y are elements hence, cannot be broken down into simpler substances. P is a
compound hence it has fixed composition.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 10.
The ‘sea-water’ can be classified as a homogeneous as well as heterogeneous mixture.
Comment.
Solution:
Sea-water can be classified as a homogeneous mixture because it contains salts dissolved in
water. It can be classified as a heterogeneous mixture also since it contains mud, sand and
decayed parts of plants.

Question 11.
What would you observe when
(a) a saturated solution of potassium chloride prepared at 60°C is allowed to cool to room
temperature
(b) an aqueous sugar solution is heated to dryness
(c) a mixture of iron filings and sulphur powder is heated strongly?
Solution:
(a) Crystals of potassium chloride will separate out.
(b) On heating sugar solution, water will evaporate first. Once the solution dries up, it would
turn black and sugar will get charred.
(c) Iron sulphide is formed when a mixture of iron filings and sulphur is heated strongly.

Question 12.
Explain why particles of a colloidal solution do not settle down when left undisturbed, while
in the case of a suspension they do.
Solution:
The size of colloidal particles in a colloidal solution is smaller than suspension. These
particles are in a random motion hence do not settle down when left undisturbed. The
particles of suspension are bigger and they tend to settle down under the effect of gravity.

Question 13.
Smoke and fog both are aerosols. In what way are they different?
Solution:
In smoke, the dispersed phase is solid and the dispersion medium is gas. In fog, the dispersed
phase is liquid and the dispersion medium is gas.

Question 14.
Classify the following as physical or chemical properties.
(a) The composition of a sample of steel is 98% iron, 1.5% carbon and 0.5% other elements.
(b) Zinc dissolves in hydrochloric acid with the evolution of hydrogen gas.
(c) Metallic sodium is soft enough to be cut with a knife.
(d) Most metal oxides form alkalis on interacting with water.
Solution:
(a) Physical property
(b) Chemical property
(c) Physical property
(d) Chemical property

Question 15.
The teacher instructed three students ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ respectively to prepare a 50% (mass by
volume) solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). ‘A’ dissolved 50 g of NaOH in 100 mL of
water, ‘B’ dissolved 50 g of NaOH in 100 g of water while ‘C’ dissolved 50 g of NaOH in
water to make 100 mL of solution.
Which one of them has made the desired solution and why?
Solution:
By definition, 50% mass by volume percent solution means 50 grams of a solute dissolved in
100 mL of solution. Therefore, student C made the desired solution. Student A dissolved 50 g
of NaOH in 100 ml of water, So the solution is diluted and it is not a desired solution. By
definition, 50% mass by mass percent solution means 50 grams of a solute dissolved in 100
grams of solution.
Student B dissolved 50 g of NaOH in 150 g of solution so, it is not the desired solution.
‘ C’ has made the desired solution by dissolving 50 g NaOH in water to make the volume of
the solution 100 mL

Question 16.
Name the process associated with the following:
(a) Dry ice is kept at room temperature and at one atmospheric pressure.
(b) A drop of ink placed on the surface of water contained in a glass spreads throughout the
water.
(c) A potassium permanganate crystal is in a beaker and water is poured into the beaker with
stirring.
(d) An acetone bottle is left open and the bottle becomes empty.
(e) Milk is churned to separate cream from it.
(f) Settling of sand when a mixture of sand and water is left undisturbed for some time.
(g) Fine beam of light entering through a small hole in a dark room, illuminates the particles
in its paths.
Solution:
(a) Sublimation of dry ice (solid) to C02 (gas)
(b) Diffusion of ink into water
(c) Diffusion or dissolution of solid into liquid
(d) Evaporation, diffusion of acetone in air
(e) Centrifugation
(f) Sedimentation
(g) Tyndall effect – Scattering of light

Question 17.
You are given two samples of water labelled as ‘A’ and ‘B’. Sample ‘A’ boils at 100°C and
sample ‘B’ boils at 102°C. Which sample of water will not freeze at 0°C? Comment.
Solution:
Sample ‘B’ which boils at 102°C contains impurities. It will not freeze at 0°C. There will be a
depression in freezing point.

Question 18.
What are the favourable qualities given to gold when it is alloyed with copper or silver for the
purpose of making ornaments?
Solution:
Pure gold is highly malleable and soft. When it is alloyed with copper or silver it becomes
hard and strong and can be moulded into various shapes.

Question 19.
An element is sonorous and highly ductile. Under which category would you classify this
element? What other characteristics do you expect the element to possess? ‘
Solution:
It is a metal. The element is expected to be lustrous, malleable and good conductor of heat
and electricity.

Question Question 20.

Fill in the blanks.
( A) Ice, water and water vapour look different and display different _______ properties but
they are _______ the same.
( B) When light is passed through water containing a few drops of milk, it shows a bluish
tinge. This is due to the _______ of light by milk and the phenomenon is called _______.
This indicates that milk is a _______ solution.
solution:
(b) physical, chemically

(e) scattering, Tyndall effect, colloidal

Question 21.
Sucrose (sugar) crystals obtained from sugarcane and beetroot are mixed together. Will it be
a pure substance or a mixture? Give reasons for the same.
solution:
The composition of the sugar (sucrose) will remain constant irrespective of the source of its
preparation. Hence sugar or sucrose is a. pure substance with fixed composition.

Question 22.
Give some examples of Tyndall effect observed in your surroundings?
solution:
Examples of Tyndall effect:
(i) When light rays enter into a dark room through a hole or a small window.
(ii) Sunlight passing through a group of trees in the forest.
(iii) Path of light rays seen in front of the projector in a cinema hall.

Question 23.
On heating, calcium carbonate gets converted into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
(a) Is this a physical or a chemical change?
(b) Can you prepare one acidic and one basic solution by using the products formed in the
above process? If so, write the chemical equation involved.
solution:

(a) It is a chemical change in which new substances are formed.

(b) Calcium oxide when dissolved in water, forms a basic solution.
CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2
Carbon dioxide when dissolved in water, forms an acidic solution
CO2 + H2O → H2CO3

Question 24.
Non-metals are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity. They are non-lustrous, non-
sonorous, non-malleable and are coloured.
(a) Name a lustrous non-metal.
(b) Name a non-metal which exists as a liquid at room temperature.
(c) The allotropic form of a non-metal is a good conductor of electricity. Name the allotrope.
(d) Name a non-metal which is known to form the largest number of compounds.
(e) Name a non-metal other than carbon which shows allotropy.
(f) Name a non-metal which is required for combustion.
solution:
(a) Iodine
(b) Bromine
(c) Graphite
(d) Carbon
(e) Sulphur, phosphorus
(f) Oxygen

Question 25.
Classify the substances given in Fig. 2.2 into elements and compounds.

solution:
Elements – Cu, Zn, F2,O2,diamond (C), Hg
Compounds – CaCO3, H2O,

Question 26.
Which of the following are not compounds?
(a) Chlorine gas
(b) Potassium chloride
(c) Iron
(d) Iron sulphide
(e) Aluminium
(f) Iodine
(g) Carbon
(h) Carbon monoxide
(i) Sulphur powder
solution:
Chlorine gas, iron, aluminium, iodine, carbon and sulphur powder are not compounds.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question Question 27.
(a) Under which category of mixtures will you classify alloys and why?
(b) A solution is always a liquid. Comment.
(c) Can a solution be heterogeneous?
solution:
(a) Alloys are homogeneous mixtures because they have uniform composition throughout.
(b) No, a solution can be solid (alloys) or gaseous (air) also.
(c) No, a solution is a homogeneous mixture.

Question 28.
Iron filings and sulphur were mixed together and divided into two parts, ‘A’ and ‘6’. Part ‘A’
was heated strongly while Part ‘S’ was not heated. Dilute hydrochloric acid was added to
both the Parts and evolution of gas was seen in both the cases. How will you identify the
gases evolved?
solution:
Part A – Iron sulphide is formed which gives out hydrogen sulphide gas with HCI.

H2S gas can be identified by its smell. It has a foul smell and it turns lead acetate solution
black.
Part B – Fe and S will not react, when HC1 is added to this mixture, only Fe will react with
HCI to give out H2 gas.
Fe + 2HC1 > FeCl2+ H2
Hydrogen gas burns with a pop sound hence, can be identified by bringing a burning
matchstick near it.

Question Question 29.

A group of students took an old shoe box and covered it with a black paper from all sides.
They fixed a source of light (a torch) at one end of the box by making a hole in it and made
another hole on the other side to view the light. They placed a milk sample contained in a
beaker/tumbler in the box as shown in the Fig. 2.4. They were amazed to see that milk taken
in the tumbler was illuminated. They tried the same activity by taking a salt solution but
found that light simply passed through it?

(a) Explain why the milk sample was illuminated. Name the phenomenon involved.
(b) Same results were not observed with a salt solution. Explain.
(c) Can you suggest two more solutions which would show the same effect as shown by the
milk solution?
solution:
(a) Milk is a colloidal solution hence shows Tyndall effect.
(b) True solutions do not show Tyndall effect because they do not scatter light.
(c) Detergent solution, sulphur solution.

Question 30.
Classify each of the following, as a physical or a chemical change. Give reasons.
(a) Drying of a shirt in the sun.
(b) Rising of hot air over a radiator.
(c) Burning of kerosene in a lantern.
(d) Change in the colour of black tea on adding lemon juice to it.
(e) Churning of milk cream to get butter.
solution:
(a, b, e) : Physical changes because there is no change in chemical composition, (c), (d) :
Chemical changes because new substances are formed.

Question 31.
During an experiment the students were asked to prepare a 10% (Mass/Mass) solution of
sugar in water. Ramesh dissolved 10 g of sugar in 100 g of water while Sarika prepared it by
dissolving 10 g of sugar in water to make 100 g of the solution.
(a) Are the two solutions of the same concentration?
(b) Compare the mass % of the two solutions.
solution:
(a) No, Sarika has higher mass percentage.

Question 32.
Arun has prepared 0.01% (by mass) solution of sodium chloride in water. Which of the
following correctly represents the composition of the solutions?
(a) 1.00 g of NaCl + 100 g of water
(b) 0.11 g of NaCl + 100 g of water
(c) 0.01 g of NaCl + 99.99 g of water
(d) 0.10 g of NaCl + 99.90 g of water
solution:
(c)
Question 33.
Calculate the mass of sodium sulphate required to prepare its 20% (mass percent) solution in
100 g of water?
solution:
Let the mass of sodium sulphate required be = x g
The mass of solution would be = (x + 100) g x g of solute in (x + 100) g of solu