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wher mis in kg owd_y icin wis, Mie _wwitt of HE ate joules.
KE = (eg)Cmml? = kg Lint fat) + (Kg: let) m bat Newton = 1Kg-mi st
uaibCe): Nem + Joule
GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
Gravitational Potential Ener (PEs) i the energy opowsesed by an
shject Vecause of Ye grouitstional —interauion./ In faking —Hhreugh verti}
dictane oh, a mas m con do work in” He amount gh, We define,
Ye Peg af an Obj velative fo an arbihory veo fuel, oftn Hie
Forth’s Surhe He vbyeck ie ak eight fy toe He 22m (reference) kel
Figure ati / PEe = moh
ai 7% WHO)
/ PE. Nm = Jowe
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY :
Energy can neither be’ created tor erty, but only transformed from one kind
amtier . Mass cw be regard ar one form ef energy. vdinarly He camversion of wate
ity nergy, ard vice vera, predichel oy the Apiol Theory ef elaity canbe igored.
THE WORK- ENERGY THEOREM:
Why wrk io de ona pint wast or a rigld f+ na
body, ond ew is no dhonge in FE, the onaqy — fom mon eq: VPP = ots ane
imparted Aan only pete as Ke. Ino far ora a: ee
boty is oat totaly rigid , tower, energy one F + m (UE)
ous férnel bit kt end he work doe on wl Fe EE a
wh predacly eaunl_ ite change in KE, [ree ime? - tae]
doe ea
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|CamScanner™ POWER
Power ig Ye __fime _rate of ding work:
. wirk dene by a fue
Avery wer 2 Nk Re Ty) fete = force x speed
M4 ane a ee
measured in Me direction of Hie force applied te objut
—— More generally , power je fhe rate of trantfer of tery
— In the SI, the unit of power is the watt (W) ond aw + 4Sis.
——> Arter unit of power often und ir the horsepower : Shp = 746 Wl
THE KILOWATT- HOUR iso wit of energy. HE a forte is doing work at
4 Kilowatt Cwitidt ic woo Tle), Het in 1 four it will do) Kh of work:
AWW = a.0xw!T © a6 MS
— where Hie speed it
o rate of
Voted Problems +
+ Problem #2: In figure below
grund yo oo
How much work deep ie forve de in pulling Hie object 8.0m?
accume Hot Hie object iv ein pulkd olen fhe
AB-N force direuted —ag* —albtve the Mnoritontal.
Givin: FF * I5N
o> bon
+ Required: We 7
+ Figure:
+ Solution : We Feore
The Work dom ig equal +h the produd of Hee dicplocement , 8-01, and
Fhe component of He force hot is parallel fy Me dicplaument G5 N)Ccarze"),
Tw We GIN )@s 22") (0.0m)
We 0.93 KT ons!
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Problem #2: A block mows wa % indie
uvder_fhe_axtion of certain ferver_, three of
which are
Frit _liviwntal att ct mayythde, 40nd
HZ is normal fo the plane and meptite ‘it
Bit pura te Ste plane ono wage
“Deberming He work done by tach five: os
sown in Figne
Problem #3: A i2m-'o writ wasting
down yo? hill as shown in the figure. AL a fine
when the Gir’ spend ie emis the driver
Gpplies Mie _brdkes, What Garton fore
+Cparalit to dhe wad) murt recut if Me
(ar is fe chp after taveling bm?
+ Given’. tus (too kg 5 hg bi = (Itompcin 20°
The blog Cand print of aplication at cach MeO 7/5 Me teme 5 fe tom
face) moved 00 Gn uy he indline. sKequined: Fs?
*Guen: Feqon, fee oN, Be ON “Figure:
sReguiteds WE?
+ Figure.
= Salton:
The change in total energy ofthe car (KEt Pt)
: it cqyal + the work dane tm it by He braking
+ @lition: force F. thie work is Flos tee becoue ¥
fir We Feate
tearde the carte notin. We have,
We Fae (04m)
W= (4oN Yee 6 orm)
W aan J
i
be@ne if tor to comp rent in the
diredion of the dicpluemert, Ti does
aus!
on!
fewer,
fas
We _ QW (0a w)
We 24 Tans!
lose ia (AEA GPE) Work done against shyping fice
Em (NV) mg Uhgrhi) = Fe
(ia to) [{0)- (tule + (an 19) le*)
[© = tomeinay] =F (oom)
Fe @.3 EN
ans!
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oi
© Pobien #4: Problem fo:
Th We given figure, it swt ead viding An odverhitement —cimnr Yat a crin
CMa Wine. If friction forer ore negligible wm ky Gar can auelevate fom rut ho
Cand the bead fia a speed of om cn at vpted of asmis in a time of go¢,
OAL watt will be Hs Speed What average —prwer ast He dich
oe @ a pin B ! prdwe tr cae fit acdleration 2 lonore
c (>) dt print 07 friction Ince.
CO SLiven:(o) we Lome 5 his om ; hyo Given: Mear= [2m bg 4 V= to mt aasee
A (oh gombs hes Cwm hy «0.90 Kequind: Pet
B © Ruined: (a) Wy at point 7 Solution’
a (He) at pinto? the wore dove, in_occhatng fhe car
A & Figure: is given bys
e 4 work done = change in KE + x m(yp*- vit)
S [am the time foten fir dis werk Bor.
e ean |
7 Power = —
4B Salution’ ps x(ta kg) (ap mls)?
© a) Goin in be + lor in GFE 4.06
GEMM = mghy > mghg 0: 4 8N
‘ x nies gin(eomb)'s m(aeim)e)(o-mm) + Converting from watt fy horsepower we Have,
‘ = mbar mis) ()
a Ue = 4.440 mis Power = (4,40 W) (47)
fet in Gre
Mmpho - mony
+ (b-) Goin in Xt *
SEIS EM
Ene =F nlzo mie)’ = moi m4)
> = (4-11 mfst) (0.5m)
> p=
3.4 als
P= Gs hp ans!
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IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM ;
The Linear Momentum CP) of a body is wre prdud_ ef _ its
mast (m) ond _velwity (V) :
Linear momentum = (mass of tody)( velocity of body)
Momentum ig a _vedtor quantity witest direction it Mut of he velocity.
the unite of —monttum are bg-mld in Me JT.
AN ipoLst ir She product of a forve CF) and the “tne inkl (At)
Gyer _whidh fhe forte ade:
Impulse = Core YCltngth of time Mie force outs)
Impulse ie vedor quanity wha dicecione ie Hot ef the ‘one.
We owite ote NS in He ST.
AN IMPULSE CAUSES =A CHANGE IN MOMENTUM =
The change of momentum produced by on impulse sequal th the.
impulse _n__ both magnitude and direction. Thus, Hf constant forte F
auing for atime tm a body of macy manger te weity
fron on itihial value Eto ov final value WR, Hen
Impwle = ange ih moment
Fat > mc iW)
Howton) Second Low. af fe gue Ht, is Fe Bab fon which it
folluc Hut Fak = AG Woewver, Fa < ACS) avd om ic conttont
Fat - om (WW,
CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM :
HE fhe met external fore acting om a ariem of object ir
ze, the ved Sum of He momenta af He objects lll remain
tonytant -
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|\CamScanner GOMXVI9N9000909 68)
IN COLLISIONS AND EXPLOSIONS , the vedor sum of dhe momenta just
lbere the ove equals the _vedor_ sum of He momenta Gurk after the ent. the
Veche Sum of the momenta of the objeckr Implved doer not dhange during He
collisions of explosion. Thus, when two bodies of mas om, anh wh, cllide,
ola momurhun befor. impo = fetal momettum after inpatt
= = =
MU, + MU, = MN + Mae
where Te and We an te velaifes Ochre ingot , ord Wom! Ve ore Mie velen
atin. In ane dimension , it component — form,
MV FMaUyy = M,Nig + MeV
and vtnilonly for Yye y= and 2- canpontate . Remenber Haat ved quantities an
always beldfaced art vehcity ita vet. On the eter hand, Wie Mex Vix and
Any te fe ceolor value «of He velettiet Hiy Can be positive or nepitive)
A glitive dination is ititialy —vleded and vettorr pointing —oppette fe thie
have negative numerical) vcalar values,
A PERFECTLY ELASTIC COLLISION is mein which the
vm of the tanelatioval §=XEo of the objects ir mot ranged during the
tallisim . In fre case ot two_badies,
Smuts dmus pONet yp mVe
COEFFICIENT OF RESTITUTION : for any collicion between to bodies
in which He odie / move only along Singh vtaight line (e.g. He axic) ,
a wefticient of rechhitin = ie defined. Ih it @ pure number given by
= Nex = Vx
e = ex = Vu
thie tx
where Vix and Wax are values Sretore impad , and Vix and Vex are valies offer impact.
Notia Urat | Mac~ Wer) it Hie nelative speed of appradh and 1 Vey- Vax] ie
the relative speed of recession. For perfedly castic cllivin , @4. Tor inelastic
wlliine 624. If the bodieg stice together after ullirim , €-0.
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aad
ET
—_——_
THE CENTER OF MAGS of an Oojed Gl mass m) is the single pitt
Wat moves in Hie vom, WAY OF int mast (Of Rast mM) wold nove when
wauijeced fe He vam external fovoer Hat act et the hed. tt is, it te
Uegultant fro, aut onan object Cor system of object) of ase mic Fy te
auchevation of the cater of ast of the abject (or stem) in given by
Gon = Fim. if te objet ir wideeed bh be onposed “of tiny raster
Me, Me, thy and do ot, at cardinater (XY) 1), (le, Ye, 2a), ond co om
fiea Hie ordinaky of the cenit of mast ak, given” by
Exif 7 Evin 7 LE ziat
Xoa * “Sm Yom * Sq on * Sr
whee ie mass + ume ects — cute al mossy coping He abject. Ina uniform
aitutial Feld, Wee center of ones and He center of gravity coincide.
Solved Pabvlems :
Probkm #1: An 80-9 bullet ir fired horizontally inte a 4 ¥o
Cube of Wad , “which ic at ret and vficke in if. The cube
ic five f/ move ond typed) of 40 inte otter
inpact. Fird He initial velodity ofthe bute.
tromertun of cyte Hebe impact = mamentun of system after inpoe
(momentum’ ef bulet)eCmanentun of cube) = Cmorentn abut + cube)
MyVox t Mex = — (het me Vx
(0.008 kg Vex) 10 = (4.008 Ko) Cody mls)
Vox = 0.45 Kafe ancl
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|\CamScanner 2 Problem # 2: As show in dhe figure a 6-9 bul ig fived —hwiemtally
e ind —3.t00- ky block of Wood durpended = by Ing toed.
) The bullet ricer ine block. tompute He vped ofthe bullet
it the impor ccer ie lok fe swing 10 on aboue the
intial — level.
Momentum — ust Get, impact = momentum — just attr impact
Gor t)v 40° (5.015 ky
where: Vo ig the initial speed of the bate
Vis’ He ped of block anh wilet just after callision
c KE just aftr allisim © firal PEG
E(oow by) V* = (.015 ky) (an mls) (0-0 m)
Vo= 14 mle
> (0.015 K)v to = (2.015 by) (1. 40 mls)
E V+ 0.88 kinfe ons!
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|\CamScanner EOUILIBRWM OF A RIGID BOPY UNDER COPLANAR Frorcer
e * The torque (or moment) due fp aime about an axis if a measure
of He effectineacis tf she five in producing rofatin bust ataxic.
th i defined tbe the product ofthe free and He perpendicular
> dictance fon the anit of he, eointion > he tine of actin _ of
the thre. This _pergendioilar distance, ig called fe_vel_ arm (0 moment orm).
<
forque = r= fore (lever arm)
~ The units of torque ore fl mi / Io. ft.
= CONDITIONS FOR EQUILIBRIUM OF A RIGID OBJECT UNDER
THE ACTION OF COPLANAR FORCES ARE :
(The fore Gndifion : The veotr sum of alt forces auing om fhe
: body must be tem,
C EF +0 SFy*0
~ Whee fe plane of the planar forrer it taken to be He xy plone .
(2) Tre erqe —_aendition Take axis perpendicular te Hye plane of
L the eplanar fore, Calling He fuer Hat Kendo
Couge — clockwise rotation abort tte avi’ —hegettive and
Gouttier dock vite torques positive, Mle sum of all He torques
outing onthe object = muct be te, zr=o
ThE CENTER oF Gravy of an object it the point ot which the
witire weight of Me object may fe considered § oancentrated, ie the line of
agin of “the Weight pases —Hhougn fre center Of gravity. A ingle Ketically
upward fe equil in magnitude Me weight ofthe = ahject ard applied
threngh the centr of gravity will Keep Hie object i equilibrium.
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é
e
©
e
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6
Psi
IME POSTION OF aE AKES 1S ARBITRARY,
TH te wun of the toret iy term diate axle fw
body fai also obeye the forte conttion, it ie rem about all oer
vet paral tp the fit. We sna chose, the asi in uch way
Hat fe line of on utknom fete gter Hhrough = fhe nerve ion point
fhe acie onde plane, the ver arm Cand torque) of Hie _uthtan
fore it hen em and oie unknown fore doer mot appear it
Hie toa, equation.
+ EQUILIBRIUM UNDER THE ACTION OF CONCURRENT FORCES
2 EQUILIORIWM OF A RIGID BoDY UNDER COPLANAR FORCES
—_—
Yayo & &
Y 4
~
7 —
ir rion
TORQUE : T= Fring + F(rsind) Cig = Center of gravity
TF, (Nm)
Compe Situation «
ty te 1E ) he?
Esa | hee
y ”
Es i ae)
a Wt fr t20l- so -0 > a.@
——L4 [===
a
“Solution: 2% * 0 Gl for Fr:
BL - so (F)s 20 (E) 20 Rt fet 20m - ON +0
ir e ans! ih - ant!
To dk: Fthr + toll > son
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>
= Sample Sitvation #
° y oF
e d= Leing i
e Keg Lisa
© Problem #4: Find Ye torque tmnt avis Ain Tig. 5-2 due cath of
e the — forcer shown,
e
o ton
e £
® ee
ition: ford free (6) Fr 25 ()_ For toll fore,
© C) mh-o G1) 2% +07 CH) 5% <0
© 2 wl (oaw) Aon (oxr)finas) = 20.N)
ps F-BNM ans J 449 Nem ane! *o ang!
6
Problem #2: A uniform team’ ot tenth Leight fond wits a 4H0-N
‘De objet as owt in Tig, 53, Find he eapitaet ofthe freer canbe
: onthe beain ty He fe suyporte oti end. Aoume He legis ow emt
) i t
e - {____ C a
A
c apa
e 40N
© ebotttion:
C een” “ning for:
Oyo) aon) =0 BFy 0
C H+ 1s Nant Rt = 20n -aaN +0
o Fret a.5N -20N- 4m N= 0
F = 2.5N ans!
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[-Frobiem #8: A wifern, wo-N pipe it ured ar a Yor , at showy in Tig. 5-4.
Where, mutt the firm (ihe support pint) be placed if a An-Newaht at ane.
wd ic balance o 2O-N weit at Heather ond 7 what it
oe teachin force exerted ty Hie suport om Hie yige?
Te
poet Z
ah
—
+ wT
‘on ON
© Suhon,
o) ZY,°0 J
, 9010(%) + oN (x> §) = 900 (L-¥) =o
¥ 20x + wox - 10 (5) ~ Hol + mx 20
' wx s50L
x? 0.095 L antl
b) es?
By 20
Fe - tM WN - WON =o
R * 900 N ons!
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|\CamScanner TA Consider he thuttion sfown in Tig. 5-2 (@), The wrifivm 0-0 KN beam is hinged
at P. tind Hhe densi in the tie cope and the Components of He reathion
fore exerted ty He hinge on the eam, Give yor aneners two cigtiiant fy.
1 ---4
Li ~ Tangy"
1
p Dy ta. __**
aL — 7 L
4 z
tv t
saat tintl__ do
C4 %-0
7 Goon) CL) -ten (Lf) 4 Twingo" (4Lg) =o
T= QUAN ons!
zo
~Teos 40" - fy 72
=
Fy -Teoedot «C220 79N )(cattp’)
== 14F.40N Ch the “ight ans
iy “o
Tsingy’ = ton ~ toon > Fy “0
daria Ging) roll 800 = FY
Fr= U7 N anst
© To che, Teint’ = Goa N + onl # 40.07
AAT TAN Fie” = WY UAH
Web. G7 N= Ub. OF
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|\CamScanner ‘A_unifrm 0-40 KN boom if supported as ston in fig. 54 (a). Find He _fension
inthe fio _rope_and_ fhe frie exerted on Hie boom by He pin at P.
+ olution: CA ZT 70
B Teinss’ (25)- nin (Lownt)-gnn lee) b) 0
T= Adel. None!
-
5 =
e Fy = 0
Ri -T +0
y= T4240 eH
2A 0
/ Fi > AWN coon +0
Fi > 4400 N
Fre / Gh) + GR
Fy = Gat. a0nd® + (2400 N)*
Tins (5) Fr + M377 Nong!
3H
© = tan? (_24u0 N
i es)
()
O= A428 ane!
ooh (4) corse
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|\CamScanner Sitvation shown in figure, find T,, Te ond Ts. The boon
ond Weight — to NL
tT wef Fp’
T- hava" «0 —@
fi! +o
| “4 Tasingd' - tuo N +0 — @
Ta = Bi499 NN ansl
' + Ty = (m-49tN Yor 40°)
Ti+ £993. 07-N ant!
tA ET. +0
WP) = TEL =B00N (Feast) § Ty sinze"(L) +0
To = 9844.09 N ans!
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awe
waoen
Caen OW Mee tT
fa Ukta ¢ IAM, -n ® mts e Ls w
Gl A Worn veers | Tap els
TEV a top, toate a ts.bly 5. Talst
A ,
& yore
van Tague
are SEIS) bond
gw eet Mo
Srey To Btw HS" bY tows 90 Te OTST EH SI
+ what) + 10 bub) Pre agh
= MM + tsth = ng WG.)
Ne amet
Pee — tole AS) 14.)
FP avps ng Gl) Ces
Va EOD td TIL
46.04.10 1-51 QBN
t VAD NTs
Pert
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lr -ws van ; :
tty Ve WUE Ryn AUT, FAL UMM Tt
+154) Woy Retoineh Ae BO ML BS t/t a
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