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Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
 commodities. This trade is however generally allowed to be of
great disadvantage to England, as the balance against us
annually amounts to several hundred thousand pounds: which is
the more extraordinary, as all these articles might be had from
our own American plantations.
For the management of the affairs of this company, they have
a Governor, Deputy Governor, and court of Assistants, consisting
of twenty-four of the members, annually chosen on the first
Wednesday after Michaelmas day, and they have their meetings
monthly; or as occasion requires, at Founders Hall in Lothbury.
Stow’s Survey.
East lane, Rotherhith Wall.§
East lane stairs, Rotherhith.§
East rents, Barnaby street, Southwark.§
East Shene, a village about a mile and a half in the coach road from
Richmond, where the Lord Viscount Palmerston, a descendant of
Sir William Temple, has a fine seat and gardens. These gardens
were laid out and finished by the great genius of Sir William, and
were his principal delight at the close of his life.
East Smithfield, a small square near Little Tower Hill, surrounded
with but indifferent buildings.
East Smithfield Courts. In this liberty two courts are held, viz. a
court leet and court baron; in the first officers are chosen, and
nuisances presented; and in the second pleas are held to the
amount of forty shillings.
East Smithfield double passage, Tower hill.
East Smithfield School, was founded in the year 1673, by Sir
Samuel Sterling, Knight and Alderman of this city, who endowed
it with certain lands and tenements in East Smithfield, of the
yearly value of 20l. for educating sixteen poor boys of the parish
of St. Botolph Aldgate, viz. eight in the city liberty, and eight in
that of East Smithfield.
East street, 1. Red Lion street, Holborn. 2. Spitalfields market.
Ebbgate lane, Thames street.†
Eccle’s yard, In the Minories.†
Eden court, New street, Shoe lane.
Edgeware, a town twelve miles from London, in the road to St.
Alban’s, Watford, and Harrow on the Hill, is situated on the very
edge of the county of Middlesex. The old Roman way called
Watling Street passes by here from London.
The late Duke of Chandos built near this town one of the most
noble seats in England, which he adorned and furnished at such
vast expence, that it had scarce its equal in the kingdom. The
great saloon or hall was painted by Paolucci, and the plaistering
and gilding of the house was done by the famous Italian
Pergotti. The columns supporting the building were all of marble:
the grand stair-case was extremely fine; the steps were marble,
and every step was one whole piece twenty-two feet in length.
The avenue was spacious and majestic, and as it afforded the
view of two fronts, joined as it were in one, the distance not
permitting you to see the angle that was in the center, so you
were agreeably deceived into the opinion, that the front of the
house was twice as large as it really was. And yet on
approaching nearer, you were again surprized, by perceiving a
winding passage opening, as it were, a new front to the eye of
near an hundred and twenty feet wide, which you imagined not
to have seen before.
The gardens were well designed, and the canals large and
noble. The chapel was a singularity both in its building and the
beauty of the workmanship, and the late Duke maintained there
at one time a full choir, and had divine worship performed with
the best music, after the manner of the chapel royal. But all this
grandeur was soon at an end. The furniture and curiosities were
brought to public auction; and this superb edifice quite
demolished. Tour through Great Britain.
 The land whereon this structure was erected was lately
purchased by Mr. Hallet, an eminent cabinet-maker, who
acquired a large fortune in that business, and he has built an
elegant small house upon the ruins of the Duke of Chandos’s
large and magnificent seat.
Edlin’s gate, Tooley’s street.
Edmonton, a village in Middlesex, in the road to Ware, seven miles
and a half from London.
Edmund’s court, Prince’s street, Soho.
St. Edmund the King, a church situated on the north side of Lombard
street, in Langborne ward, and thus denominated from its
dedication to St. Edmund King of the East Angles, who was
barbarously murdered by the Pagan Danes in the year 870, for
his steadfast adherence to the Christian religion. The name
Grasschurch was once added to this; but it is now disused: this
last name took its rise from an herb market near the church.
The first sacred edifice in this place, and of this name, was
built under the Saxon heptarchy: but the last old church was
destroyed in the fire of 1666, and the present structure was
finished in 1690. The length of this structure from north to south
is 69 feet, and the breadth from east to west 39. The altar is
placed at the north end. It has a square tower, upon which a
short spire rises, with its base fixed on a broad lanthorn.
This church is a rectory in the patronage of the Archbishop of
Canterbury; but in ecclesiastical affairs it is subject to the
Archdeacon of London; and the parish of St. Nicholas Acons
being united to it, the profits of the Rector are almost doubled;
he receives in lieu of tithes 180l. a year.
Edwards’s Almshouse, in the parish of Christ Church, Surry, was
built and endowed by the trustees of Mr. Edward Edwards, a
citizen and mason of London, for such poor persons of that
parish as receive no alms from that or any other parish. Each
 person has one room, an allowance of 40s. a year; and once in
two years a purple gown of twenty shillings value.
Edward’s court, 1. Oxendon street.† 2. Panton street.†
Edward’s rents, Islington.†
Edward’s street, 1. Berwick street.† 2. Hare street, Spitalfields.†
Edward’s wharf, Durham yard in the Strand.†
Eel’s yard, in the Minories.†
Egglin’s gateway, Tooley street.†
Egham, a town in Surry, situated on the bank of the Thames almost
opposite to Stanes, and three miles on this side of Windsor. It
has several good inns, a noble charity school, and an almshouse
built and endowed by Baron Denham, Surveyor of the works to
King Charles II. for five poor old women, each of whom have an
orchard. The parsonage house was formerly the seat of Sir John
Denham, who rebuilt it. This Sir John was the father of the poet
of that name, who took great delight in this place.
Elbow lane, 1. Dowgate hill; this lane running west, and suddenly
turning short into Thames street, was from this bending called
Elbow lane. 2. New Gravel lane. For Great and Little Elbow lane,
see Great and Little.
Elder lane, Upper Millbank.‡
Elder street, White Lion street, Norton Falgate.‡
Elephant court, Whitechapel.*
Elephant lane, Rotherhith wall.*
Elephant stairs, Rotherhith.*
Eling, Great and Little, are situated in Middlesex, between
Brentford and the Oxford road. Great Eling lies to the east of the
other, and has a work house and a charity school, with a pretty
church that has eight musical bells, and is the mother church of
that of Old Brentford.
Elizabeth court, Whitecross street.
Elliot’s court, Little Old Bailey.†
Elliot’s rents, Stepney Causeway.†
Ellman street, Long Acre.†
Elm court, 1. Elm street.‡ 2. Middle Temple.‡
Elm row, Sun Tavern fields.‡
Elm street, Gray’s Inn lane.‡
Elstree, a village in Hertfordshire, situated on an eminence, within
a mile of Stanmore, and in the road from Watford to High
Barnet. It is also called Eaglestree, Illstree, and Idlestree.
Eltham, a town in Kent, seven miles from London in the road to
Maidstone. Here a palace was built by Anthony Beck, Bishop of
Durham, who bestowed it upon Queen Eleanor, the wife of
Edward I. King Edward II. constantly resided in this place, and
his son being born here, was on that account called John of
Eltham. The palace here was afterwards much enlarged by the
succeeding Kings, who when the court was kept at Greenwich
often retired hither; and here were made the statutes of Eltham
by which the King’s house is still governed. There are however
no traces of the palace left. The town has the honour of giving
the title of Earl to the Prince of Wales; and there are here the
houses of several rich citizens, and two charity schools.
Ely court, Holborn; so called from the Bishop of Ely’s house, which
is not far from it.
Ely House, the city mansion of the Bishop of Ely, was formerly
called Ely’s Inn. It is situated in Holborn, and stands on a large
piece of ground. Before it is a spacious court, and behind it a
garden of considerable extent; but it is so ill kept that it scarcely
deserves the name. The buildings are very old; and consist of a
large hall, several spacious rooms, and a good chapel.
Emanuel Hospital, at Tothill side in Westminster, was founded by the
Lady Dacres, in the year 1601, for twenty old bachelors and
maids, sixteen of whom to be of St. Margaret’s parish
Westminster, two of Hayes, and two of Chelsea parishes; each of
whom have an allowance of 10l. per annum, with the liberty of
bringing up a poor child. According to certain constitutions
formed by the foundress’s executors, no person of ill fame, or
that cannot say the creed and ten commandments in English; or
are under fifty years of age; or have not lived three years in the
said parishes, are to be admitted upon this foundation.
The city of London is intrusted with the management of this
charity, and is to receive annually 200l. for its support, out of an
estate in Yorkshire, till the expiration of a lease of 199 years,
when the produce of the whole manor, which is said to amount
to above 600l. per annum, is to be appropriated to the
augmentation of this foundation.
Some time ago the Court of Lord Mayor and Aldermen caused
to be erected at the upper end of this hospital, a handsome
school house and dormitory, for the reception of twenty poor
boys and girls, who were first admitted in the year 1735. They
are supplied with the necessaries of life; the boys are taught
reading, writing, and accounts; and the girls reading, writing,
and plain work.
Embroiderers, incorporated by the name of Broderers. See an
account of this company under the article Broderers.
Emm’s yard, Broad street, Ratcliff.†
Emperor’s Head lane, Thames street.*
Enfield, a town in Middlesex near eleven miles from London.
Almost in the center of Enfield Chace, are the ruins of an old
house, said to have belonged to the Earls of Essex. Here is a fine
lodge for the ranger, and the skirts of the chace abound with
handsome country houses belonging to the citizens of London.
When King James I. resided at Theobalds, this chace was well
 stocked with deer, and all sorts of game; but in the civil wars it
was stripped both of the game and timber, and even let out in
farms: however, after the restoration it was again laid open,
woods were planted, and the whole chace afresh stocked with
deer.
Engine street, Hyde Park road.
Englefield Green, a village in Berkshire, in the parish of Egham,
where are several pleasant seats.
Epping, a town in Essex, seventeen miles from London. The
markets, which are on Thursday for cattle, and on Friday for
provisions, are kept in Epping street, a hamlet about a mile and
a half from the church. There are several fine seats in Epping
Forest, which is a royal chace, and extends from the town almost
to London.
Epsom, a well-built and handsome town in Surry, sixteen miles from
London, abounds with very genteel houses, which are principally
the retreats of the merchants and citizens of London, and is a
delightful place open to Bansted Downs. Its mineral waters,
which issue from a rising ground nearer Ashted than Epsom,
were discovered in 1618, and soon became extremely famous;
but though they are not impaired in virtue, they are far from
being in the same repute as formerly; however, the salt made of
them is valued all over Europe. The hall, galleries, and other
public apartments, are now run to decay, and there remains only
one house on the spot, which is inhabited by a countryman and
his wife, who carry the waters in bottles to the adjacent places.
Horse races are annually held on the neighbouring downs. The
town extends about a mile and a half in a semicircle from the
church to Lord Guilford’s fine seat at Durdans; and, as Mr.
Whatley observes, there are here so many fields, meadows,
orchards and gardens, that a stranger would be at a loss to
know whether this was a town in a wood, or a wood in a town.
There are many fine seats in this neighbourhood, besides
 Durdans, already mentioned, as Lord Baltimore’s, the Lady
Fielding’s, Earl of Berkshire’s, &c.
Erith, a village in Kent, situated on the banks of the Thames below
Woolwich, and about fourteen miles from London. For Mr.
Gideon’s house here, see Belvedere.

Esher Place.
S. Wale delin. B. Green sc. Oxon.

Esher, a village in Surry, situated near Walton upon Thames and

Hampton Court, of which last it affords a fine prospect, as well
as of the other parts of Middlesex.
Esher Place, was the seat of the late Henry Pelham, Esq; The house
is a Gothic structure built of a brownish red brick, with stone
facings to the doors, windows, &c. It stands upon almost the
lowest ground belonging to it, and has the river Mole gliding
close by it and through the grounds. This house was originally
one of those built by Cardinal Wolsey; but the late Mr. Pelham
 rebuilt the whole, except the two towers in the body of the
house, which are the same that belonged to the old building,
and the whole is rebuilt in the same style of architecture it was
before, which uniformity is certainly better than an unnatural
mixture of Gothic and modern too often practised. There is a fine
summer house built upon a hill on the left hand as you enter,
which commands the view of the house, park, and country round
on both sides the Thames for many miles. The park or ground in
which the house is situated appears quite plain and unadorned;
yet perhaps not a little art has been used to give it this natural
and simple appearance, which is certainly very pleasing. But in
one part of it there is a pretty wilderness laid out in walks, and
planted with a variety of ever-green trees and plants, with a
grotto in it, and seats in different places. The wood in the park is
well disposed, and consists of fine oak, elm, and other trees, and
the whole country round appears finely shaded with wood.
The grand floor of the house is elegantly finished, and consists
of six rooms. The great parlour is carved and gilt in a taste
suitable to the style of the house, with curious marble chimney
pieces and slab. In this room are the portraits of Mr. Pelham, Sir
Robert Walpole, afterwards Earl of Orford, Lord Townshend,
Duke of Rutland, the late Duke of Devonshire, and the late Duke
of Grafton; a picture of Lady Catharine Pelham and her son is
over the chimney. In the drawing room over the chimney there is
a picture of King Charles II. when only eleven years old, by
Vandyke. The library is curiously finished, and there is a good
collection of books in it. Some say it was at this house Cardinal
Wolsey was first seized by order of Henry VIII. on his refusing to
annul his marriage with Queen Catharine, that he might marry
Ann Boleyn, and which refusal brought on his fall.
Essex court, 1. Middle Temple. 2. Whitechapel. 3. White Friars.
Essex stairs, Essex street, in the Strand.☐
Essex street, 1. In Ratcliff Highway. 2. In the Strand; so called from
the Lord Essex’s house formerly there. 3. White Friars.
Clerk of the Essoins, or excuses for lawful cause of absence; an
officer belonging to the court of Common Pleas, whose office is
in Searle street, Lincoln’s Inn.
St. Ethelburga’s Church, on the east side of Bishopsgate street, is
so denominated from the first Christian Princess in Britain, the
daughter of Ethelbert King of Kent. It escaped the fire in 1666.
The body is irregular and in the Gothic style, with very large
windows; and the steeple is a tall spire supported on a square
tower.
This church is a rectory, the advowson of which was in the
Prioress and Nuns of St. Helen’s in Bishopsgate street, till the
suppression of their convent in 1536, when falling to the Crown,
it was afterwards granted to the Bishop of London, who has ever
since collated and inducted to it. The Rector receives about 60l.
a year in lieu of tithes.

Eton College.
S. Wale delin. J. Green sc. Oxon.
Eton College, justly celebrated for the many learned men it has
produced, is situated in Buckinghamshire on the banks of the
Thames opposite to Windsor, and was founded by Henry VI. for
the support of a Provost and seven Fellows, one of whom is
Vice-Provost, and for the education of seventy King’s scholars, as
those are called, who are on the foundation. These when
properly qualified, are elected, on the first Tuesday in August, to
King’s College, Cambridge, but they are not removed, till there
are vacancies in the college, and then they are called according
to seniority; and after they have been three years at Cambridge,
they claim a fellowship. Besides those on the foundation, there
are seldom less than three hundred scholars, at this time there
are many more, who board at the masters houses, or within the
bounds of the college. The school is divided into upper and
lower, and each of these into three classes. To each school there
is a master and four assistants or ushers. The revenue of the
college is about 5000l. a year. Here is a noble library enriched by
a fine collection of books left by Dr. Waddington, Bishop of
Chester, valued at 2000l. and Lord Chief Justice Reeves
presented to this library the collection left him by Richard
Topham, Esq; keeper of the records in the Tower. In the great
court is a fine statue of the founder, erected at the expence of
the late Provost Dr. Godolphin, Dean of St. Paul’s. The chapel is
in a good style of Gothic architecture. The schools and other
parts, which are in the other style of building, are equally well,
and seem like the design of Inigo Jones.
Evangelists court, Stonecutters alley, Black Friars.
Evan’s court, Basinghall street.†
Evan’s rents, Grub street.†
Evan’s row, Old Bond street.†
Evans yard, Church street, Rotherhith.†
Eveny Farm, in Middlesex, is situated between the streams of the
Coln, on the north side of Stanes, and belongs to the Dean and
 Chapter of Westminster.
Eunuch court, Near Goodman’s yard.‡
Ewel, a town near Epsom in Surry, fourteen miles from London.
Here a plentiful spring breaks out in several different spots, and
becomes the head of a fine stream as clear as crystal, that runs
over Epsom meadows, and falls into the Thames at Kingston.
St. Ewen, or Owen, a parish church which anciently stood near the
north east corner of Warwick lane in Newgate street, the
remains of which are still to be seen in the cellars of Mr. Hinton,
a bookseller, and the next house to the west. This was one of
the churches given by Henry VIII. towards the erecting of Christ
Church.
Ewer’s street, Gravel lane.†
Exchange. See Royal Exchange, Old Change, and Exeter Exchange.
Exchange, or Change alley, 1. Cornhill; so called from its being
situated opposite to the Royal Exchange. 2. In the Mint.
Exchange court, 1. In the Strand.☐ 2. By Exeter Exchange.☐
Exchequer, one of the four great courts of the kingdom, is held in a
room contiguous to the north west corner of Westminster hall,
and is so named from a chequered cloth, which anciently
covered the table where the Judges, or chief officers sat. This
court was first erected by William the Conqueror, for the trial of
all causes relating to the revenues of the crown; and in the same
court there are now also tried matters of equity between subject
and subject.
The Judges of this court are, the Lord Chief Baron of the
Exchequer, and three other Judges called Barons of the
Exchequer; who are all created by letters patent to hold their
offices quamdiu se bene gesserint. There is also the Cursitor
Baron of the Exchequer, who administers the oath to the
Sheriffs, Under-Sheriffs, bailiffs, searchers, surveyors, &c. of the
Custom house; but is no Judge. When at any time the Barons
 are of different opinions concerning the decision of any cause,
they call to their assistance the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who
decides in favour of one of the parties by his casting vote.
Dugdale’s Orig. Jurid.
Long after the conquest there sat in the Exchequer both
spiritual and temporal Barons, whence in later times those who
sat there, tho’ they were not Peers, were stiled Barons.
Exchequer, or the Office of the receipt of his Majesty’s Exchequer, a
plain old building formed of wood and plaister, at the south end
of New Palace yard, where the King’s revenue is received and
disbursed. This important office is under the direction of the
Chancellor of the Exchequer, who has the custody of the
Exchequer seal; he has also the comptrollment of the rolls of the
Lords of the Treasury, and sits in the court above the Barons of
the Exchequer. He has the gift of the office of Comptroller of the
Pipe, and of that of Clerk of the Nihils.
The Auditor of the receipts of the Exchequer, is another great
officer. He files the bills of the Tellers, and draws all orders to be
signed by the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury, for issuing
forth all money, in virtue of privy seals, which are recorded by
the Clerk of the Pells, and entered and lodged in the Auditor’s
office. He also, by warrant from the Lords of the Treasury, makes
debentures to the several persons who have fees, annuities or
pensions, by letters patent from the King, out of the Exchequer,
and directs them for payment to the Tellers. He daily receives
the state of each Teller’s account, and weekly certifies the whole
to the Lords Commissioners, who immediately present the
estimate, or balance to the King. He makes half yearly, at
Michaelmas and Lady-day, a book called A Declaration,
containing a methodical abstract of all the accounts and
payments made the preceding half year, and delivers one of
them to the Lords of the Treasury, and another to the Chancellor
of the Exchequer; and by him are kept the registers appointed
for paying all persons in course, upon several branches of the
 King’s revenue. For the discharge of these offices, he has a chief
clerk, a clerk of the debentures, a clerk of the registers and
issues, a clerk of the cash book, and a clerk for making out
Exchequer bills; and in the offices for annuities under the Auditor
are two chief clerks, and nine clerks under them.
The other great officers are the four Tellers of the Exchequer,
each of whom has his deputy, his first clerk, and four other
clerks. Their office is to receive all moneys due to the King, and
thereupon to throw down a bill through a pipe into the tally
court, where it is received by the Auditor’s clerk, who there
attends to write the words of the bill upon a tally, and then
delivers the same to be entered by the Clerk of the Pells, or his
under clerk, who attends to enter it in his book; then the tally is
cloven by the two Deputy Chamberlains, and while the senior
deputy reads one part, the junior examines the other part with
the two clerks.
Another great officer is the Clerk of the Pells, who enters the
Tellers bills on a parchment skin, in latin Pellis, and likewise all
receipts and payment for the King; this officer is in the nature of
a comptroller; he has a deputy, a clerk for the introitus, and
another for the exitus. There are also a clerk of the declarations,
and a clerk of the patents. In this office there are likewise three
vouchers of the Tellers.
Tally Court in the Exchequer. In order to give a more perfect idea of
this office, it will be proper to say something of the nature of
tallies. The word tally is derived from the French word tailler, to
cut, a tally being a piece of wood wrote upon on both sides,
containing an acquittance for money received, which being
cloven asunder by the Deputy Chamberlains, one part, called the
stock, is delivered to the person who pays or lends any money to
the government; and the other part, called the counter-stock or
counter-foil, remains in the office, to be kept till called for, and
joined with the stock. This method of striking tallies is very
ancient, and has been found by long experience to be the best
way of preventing frauds that ever was invented; for it is
morrally impossible so to counterfeit a tally, but upon rejoining it
with the counter-foil, the intended fraud will be obvious to every
eye, either in the notches or the cleaving, in the length or in the
breadth, in the natural growth, or in the shape of the counter-
foil.
To the tally court belong the two Chamberlains of the
Exchequer, in whose custody are many ancient records, leagues,
and treaties with foreign princes, the standards of money,
weights, and measures, those ancient books called the Black
Book of the Exchequer, and Doomsday Book, which last contains
an account of all the cities, towns, villages and families in the
reign of William the Conqueror. This book is kept under three
locks and keys, and cannot be examined for less than 6s. 8d.
and for every line transcribed is paid 4d.
Under these officers are four Deputy Chamberlains, in whose
office are preserved all the counter-foils of the above tallies, so
exactly ranked by months or years, that they may be easily
found out, in order to be joined with their respective tallies,
which being done and proved true, they deliver it attested for a
lawful tally to the Clerk of the Pipe, to be allowed in the great
roll.
The other officers of this court, are the Usher of the
Exchequer, his deputy and clerk; three Paymasters of Exchequer
bills, their deputy, and a Comptroller of Exchequer bills; a tally
writer for the Auditor, who has two assistant clerks, and a tally
cutter. Chamberlain’s Present State.
There are several other offices belonging to the Exchequer, as
the pipe office in Gray’s Inn; Foreign Apposer’s office, and King’s
Remembrancer’s office, in the Temple; Clerk of the pleas office,
in Lincoln’s Inn, &c. See the articles Pipe Office, Foreign Apposer’s
Office, &c. See also the article Treasurer.
Execution dock, Wapping; thus named from its being the place
where pirates and others who have committed capital crimes at
sea, are executed on a gallows which leans over the water.
Excise Office, in the Old Jewry, is a large brick building near the
paved court on the south side of the church, formerly the
dwelling house of Sir John Frederick. This office was, till lately,
managed by seven Commissioners; but the many new excisable
commodities brought under their care, have occasioned their
number to be increased to nine. These receive the produce of
the excise of beer, ale, and other liquors, of coffee, tea, and
chocolate, of malt, hops, soap, starch, candles, paper, calicoes,
gold and silver wire, vellum, parchment, hides and skins,
collected all over England, and pay it into the Exchequer. They
have each a salary of 1000l. a year, and are obliged by oath to
take no fee or reward, but from the King only.
Before the Commissioners of Excise are tried all frauds
committed in the several branches of the revenue under their
direction; and if any person thinks himself injured by their
sentence, he may appeal to the Commissioners of Appeal for a
rehearing.
At the desire of the Commissioners of this office, a very
laudable practice is lately set on foot, for the support of the
valetudenary and aged clerks and officers belonging to the
same; for which purpose the several clerks and officers
contribute 3d. per pound out of their respective salaries, which is
said to amount to about 3000l. per annum. Chamberlain’s
Present State. Maitland’s Survey.
Exeter ’Change, an edifice in the Strand, erected for the sake of
trade, consisting of a long room with a row of shops on each
side, and a large room above, now used for auctions. This edifice
received its name from the mansion of the Earls of Exeter, which
stood near it. Maitland.
Exeter ’Change court, Exeter street.
Exeter street, Catharine street, so called from its being situated
near Exeter ’Change.
 F.

Court of Faculties and Dispensations, in Doctors Commons, under

the Archbishop of Canterbury. When the papal power was
abolished in England by King Henry VIII. this court was
established by act of parliament, that the Archbishop in the
Pope’s stead, might grant dispensations and indulgences for
eating flesh upon prohibited days; for marrying without banns or
on holydays; for a son to succeed his father in his benefice; for a
plurality of livings, non-residence, and other cases of the like
nature. To this court belongs an officer called Magister ad
Facultates, and a register.
Fager’s alley, Turnmill street†
Fair street, Horselydown.
St. Faith’s, a parish church once under the east end or choir of St.
Paul’s cathedral. It owes its name to its being dedicated to St.
Faith, or Sancta Fides, a French virgin of the city of Agen, in the
province of Aquitain, who is said to have suffered martyrdom in
the reign of the Emperor Dioclesian, for refusing to sacrifice to
idols. No records however remain of the antiquity of this church,
in which several persons of note were formerly interred, nor is it
known at what time divine service was performed in it, other
than by chauntry priests for the souls of their departed
benefactors. This church however having suffered with St. Paul’s
cathedral, it was thought proper entirely to demolish it, and to
unite the parish to that of St. Austin’s.
Falcon alley, 1. Barnaby street.* 2. King street, Westminster.* 3.
Redcross street.*
Falcon court, 1. In the Borough.* 2. Fleet street.* 3. Lothbury.* 4.
Near Rag street, Clerkenwell.* 5. Shoe lane.* 6. Shoemaker row,
Aldgate.*
Falcon Inn yard, St. Margaret’s hill.*
Falcon lane, 1. Falcon stairs.* 2. Maiden lane, Southwark.*
Falcon row, 1. Codpiece row.* 2. Fleet street.* 3. Long lane,
Southwark.* 4. Lothbury.* 5. St. Margaret’s hill.* 6. Shoe lane.*
7. White street.*
Falcon stairs, Gravel lane.*
Falcon yard, 1. Kent street.* 2. Shoemaker row, Aldgate.* 3.
Tooley street.*
Falconbridge court, Hog lane, St. Giles’s.†
Falconer’s alley, 1. Cow Cross, West Smithfield.† 2. Cross street, by
Lukener’s lane.† 3. Turnmill street.†
Fan court, St. Michael’s lane.
Fanmakers, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by
Queen Anne, in the year 1709. This fraternity is governed by a
Master, two Wardens, and twenty Assistants; but they have
neither hall nor livery. Maitland.
Fann’s alley, 1. Goswell street.† 2. Webb’s square.†
Faringdon Ward Within, received its name from William Farendon
and Nicolas his son, who had the government of all this ward for
the space of eighty-two years; and it received the addition of
within, on account of this part of Faringdon ward lying within the
walls. It is bounded on the north by Aldersgate ward,
Cripplegate ward, and the liberty of St. Martin’s le Grand; on the
west by Faringdon without, on the south by Castle Baynard
ward, and the river Thames; and on the east by Castle Baynard
ward, and Cheap ward.
 The principal streets and lanes in this ward are, Newgate
street, the west side of Warwick lane, Ave Mary lane, Paternoster
row, Ivy lane, St. Paul’s church yard, Ludgate street, and Black
Friars.
The most remarkable buildings are, St. Paul’s cathedral, St.
Vedast in Foster lane, Christ Church in Newgate street, St.
Martin’s Ludgate, and St. Matthew’s Friday street; the college of
Physicians, Stationers hall, Apothecaries hall, Sadlers hall,
Embroiderers hall, and Scots hall; St. Paul’s school, Christ Church
hospital, and Ludgate.
This ward is governed by an Alderman, his Deputy, twelve
Common Council men, eighteen wardmote inquest men,
eighteen scavengers, seventeen constables and a beadle; and
the jury returned by the inquest for this ward serve in the courts
of Guildhall in the month of September.
Faringdon Ward Without, is the farthest ward to the west of the
city, and is bounded on the north by the Charterhouse, the
parish of St. James Clerkenwell, and part of St. Andrew’s parish
without the freedom; on the west, by High Holborn and St.
Clement’s parish in the Strand; on the south, by the Thames;
and on the east, by the ward of Faringdon within, the precinct of
St. Bartholomew near Smithfield, and the ward of Aldersgate.
The principal places in this ward are, Smithfield, Cloth Fair,
Bartholomew Close, Snow hill, and all Holborn up to the Bars,
Hatton Garden, Leather lane, and Brook street; the Old Bailey,
Ludgate hill, Fleet ditch and market, Shoe lane, Fetter lane, Fleet
street, White Friars, and Salisbury court.
The most remarkable buildings are, the Temple, Serjeants Inn,
Clifford’s, Barnard’s and Thavie’s Inns, Temple Bar, Bridewell
hospital, St. Bartholomew’s hospital, Fleet prison, Surgeon’s hall;
and the parish churches of St. Bartholomew the Great, St.
Bartholomew the Less, St. Sepulchre’s, St. Andrew’s Holborn, St.
Dunstan’s in the west, and St. Bride’s.
 This ward being so very extensive is parted into three
divisions, and is governed by an Alderman, and three Deputies,
sixteen Common Council men, forty-four inquest men, fifteen
scavengers, and fifteen constables. The jury returned by the
inquest in this ward serve in the several courts of Guildhall in the
month of June.
Farmer’s alley, 1. Gardiner’s lane.† 2. Hog lane, St. Giles’s.†
Farmer’s court, Ivy street.†
Farmer’s street, Shadwell.†
Farr’s alley, St. Giles’s.†
Farr’s rents, Rotherhith wall.†
Farr’s yard, Whitecross street.†
Farrant’s yard, Rotherhith wall.†
Farriers, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King
Charles II. in the year 1673, and governed by a Master, three
Wardens, twenty-four Assistants, and seventy-six Liverymen,
each of whom, upon their admission, pay a fine of 5l. but they
have no hall. Maitland.
Farrier’s yard, 1. In the Minories. 2. Stoney lane.
Farthing alley, 1. East Smithfield. 2. Jacob street, Rotherhith. 3. In
the Maze.
Farthing fields, 1. New Gravel lane.║ 2. Old Gravel lane.║
Farthing street, Phenix street, Spitalfields.║
Fashion street, Artillery lane, Spitalfields.
Faustin’s court, Bowl alley, St. Giles’s. † 2. Vinegar lane, Drury
lane.†
Feathers alley, 1. Bedfordbury.* 2. Holborn.* 3. Long Acre.* 4. St.
Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.* 5. In the Strand.*
Feathers court, 1. Bury court, Piccadilly.* 2. Drury lane.* 3. Fox
court, Gray’s Inn lane.* 4. High Holborn.* 5. Milk street,
Cheapside.*
Featherstone’s buildings, High Holborn.†
Featherstone’s court, Featherstone street.†
Featherstone street, Bunhill row.†
Fell court, Fell street.†
Fell street, Little Wood street.†
Fell’s Almshouse, at Blackwall, was erected by Capt. Fell for the
accommodation of four poor families, but without any allowance
for their support.
Fellowship Porters. See Porters.
Feltmakers. The Felt hat-makers being anciently a branch of the
company of Haberdashers of hats, they applied in the year 1576
for an exclusive charter; but being opposed by the
Haberdashers, their endeavours proved abortive; but at last all
disputes being adjusted, they were separately incorporated by
letters patent granted by King James I. in the year 1604. They
are governed by a Master, four Wardens, and twenty-five
Assistants, with a livery of sixty members, who at their
admission pay a fine of 5l. each, but they have no hall. Maitland.
Fen court, 1. Fenchurch street. 2. St Michael’s lane.†
Fenchurch buildings, Fenchurch street.
Fenchurch street, Gracechurch street. It took its name from the
Lang-bourn, a rivulet or bourn, that arose near the place which
is now Magpye alley, and spreading near the spring head,
rendered the contiguous street so moorish or fenny, especially
about the church, which stood in the broad way between
Mincing lane and Rood lane, that it from thence obtained the
name of Fenchurch street. Maitland.
Fenwick’s court, High Holborn.
Fetcham, a village near Leatherhead, where is the seat of Thomas
Revel, Esq; on which no cost has been spared to render a most
beautiful situation by nature, more delightful by art.
Fetter lane, Fleet street, in old writings called Feuter lane; it was
then what Drury lane is now.
Fetter Lane court, Bernard’s Inn.
Field court, Gray’s Inn.
Field lane, Holborn hill.
Figtree court, 1. Barbican.‡ 2. Inner Temple.‡
Figtree yard, Maudlin’s rents.‡
Finch lane, Cornhill.†
Finchley, a village in Middlesex between Hendon and Coneyhatch,
is seven miles north of London.
Finsbury, Moorfields, formerly called Fensbury, from a neighbouring
fen or moor. Maitland.
Finsbury Courts, in this place the steward of the manor holds a
court leet and court baron, in which are transacted the business
peculiar to each court.
Finsbury yard, Chiswell street.
Fire Office. See the particular names by which they are
distinguished, as Hand in Hand, Sun Fire Office, Union, &c.
Fireball alley, Houndsditch.
Fireball court, 1. Houndsditch. 2. First Postern, London Wall.
First Fruits Office, in the Middle Temple, is under the
Remembrancer of the first fruits, under whom is a Deputy and
senior clerk, a Receiver, and a Deputy Receiver of the first fruits;
a Receiver of the tenths, and his clerk, and a Comptroller of the
first fruits and tenths.
Fish Market court, Bloomsbury.
Fish Street hill, Gracechurch street.
Fish yard, 1. St. Margaret’s lane. 2. Pudding lane.
Fishermen, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by
King James II. in the year 1687, by the name of The free
Fishermen of London; but it does not appear that they have
either livery or arms: They have however a hall in Thames
street.
Fisher’s alley, 1. Hide street, Bloomsbury.† 2. Rosemary lane.† 3.
Water lane, Fleet street.†
Fisher’s Almshouse, in the Dog row, near Mile end, was erected by
Capt. Fisher, in the year 1711, for the widows of six masters of
ships, for whose support he settled upon it an estate of 40l. a
year; and committed the trust of it to the fraternity of the Trinity
House.
To this edifice are since added two additional rooms, the
ground for which was purchased by Sir Charles Wager, and these
rooms built by Sir William Ogborne in the year 1728. The two
widows who live in these, have each an allowance of 16s. a
month, and 20s. per annum for coals.
Fisher’s court, Eagle street, Holborn.†
Fisher’s rents, Broad street, Old Gravel lane.†
Fisher’s street, Red Lion square.†
Fishmongers. These as well as the other persons concerned in
furnishing the city with provisions, were anciently under the
immediate direction of the court of Lord Mayor and Aldermen,
and these magistrates had this power confirmed by an act of
parliament in the seventh of Richard II. in the year 1384. At that
time the dealers in fish consisted of two communities, viz. the
salt-fish, and stock-fishmongers, though they were not
incorporated till afterwards, the former in 1433, and the latter in
1509. But this division proving prejudicial to the profession in
 general, they united, and were incorporated by letters patent,
granted by Henry VIII. in the year 1536.
This is one of the twelve principal companies, and is governed
by a Prime and five other Wardens, twenty-eight Assistants, and
140 Liverymen, who upon their admission pay a fine of 13l. 6s.
8d. This corporation pays to charitable uses about 800l. per
annum.
Fishmongers Hall, situated in Thames street, a little above the
Bridge, and has a view of the river. The entrance from Thames
street is by a handsome passage which leads into a large square
court, paved with flat stones, and encompassed by the great
hall, the court room for the Assistants, and other grand
apartments, with galleries; these are of an handsome
construction, and are supported by Ionic columns, with an
arcade. The front next the Thames has been lately repaired and
ornamented at a very great expence. The ascent to the first
apartments is by a double flight of steps from the wharf; the
door is adorned with Ionic columns, and these support an open
pediment, in which is a shield with the arms of the company; the
windows are ornamented with stone cases, and the quoins of
the building are wrought with a handsome rustic, and in the
whole of this front there is a great deal of solid beauty.
Fishmongers alley, 1. St. Margaret’s hill. 2. Fenchurch street.
Fishmongers Almshouses, handsome buildings at Newington Butts,
founded and erected at different times. The most ancient is St.
Peter’s hospital, a Gothic structure, built with brick and stone,
with a brick wall before it, within which are two rows of tall
trees, and behind the buildings a garden.
The entrance is by a pair of iron gates opening to the center
of the building, which is lofty but very irregular. On the inside are
two courts behind each other, in which is a hall with painted
windows and a chapel. Inscriptions on the sides of these courts
shew that they were built at different times.
 To the south of this hospital is another founded by Mr. James
Hulbert, a liveryman of the Fishmonger’s company, in the year
1719, whose statue is erected upon a pedestal; and in the wall
which extends before both, are iron rails, to afford a view of this
statue, the more modern hospital, erected by that gentleman,
and the pleasant walks before it.
The Fishmongers company erected St. Peter’s hospital by
virtue of letters patent granted by King James I. in the year
1618, for the reception of several of their poor members who
had pensions bequeathed them by the wills of several members
of the company: thirteen of whom were beadsmen and women
of the company’s great benefactor Sir Thomas Knesworth, who
in 1513 left them 8d. per week each. Sir Thomas Hunt also in
1615 left 20l. 10s. per annum towards the support of six ancient
poor men and women. Richard Edmunds in 1620 bequeathed an
annual sum of 6l. towards the maintenance of two poor persons;
which number of twenty-one pensioners, with one added by the
company, were put into this hospital; and soon after Sir John
Leman, Sir John Gayer, Mr. Harper, Arthur Mouse and Mrs. Anne
Bromsgrove, by their respective wills demised several sums to
the amount of 28l. per annum.
Each of the twenty-two almspeople have two rooms, and an
allowance of 3s. per week, 15s. at Christmas, a chaldron of coals
and a gown yearly. And one of the pensioners, who reads
prayers twice a day in the chapel has an additional allowance of
2l. per annum.
The more modern structure was, as we have already said,
founded by Mr. James Hulbert, citizen and fishmonger, for the
accommodation of twenty poor men and women; who besides
two neat rooms to live in, have each an allowance of 3s. a week,
one chaldron of coals, a gown every year, and 10s. at Christmas.
Fitche’s court, Noble street, Foster lane.†
Fitzer’s wharf, Shadwell.†
Five Bell alley, Little Moorfields.*
Five Bell court, Leadenhall street.*
Five Feet lane, 1. Barnaby street. 2. Broad street. 3. Thames street;
so called because the west end was but five feet broad. Stow.
Five Fields, Chelsea.
Five Fields row, Chelsea.
Five Foot alley, 1. Old Gravel lane. 2. Petty France, Westminster.
Five Foot court, Old Fish street hill.
Five Inkhorn alley, Whitechapel.*
Five Inkhorn court, 1. Petticoat lane.* 2. Whitechapel.*
Five Pipe alley, Pickleherring street.*
Flampton court, Fore street.†
Fleece court, Rose and Crown court, Moorfields.*
Fleece yard, 1. Cornhill.* 2. Tothill street.*
Fleet Bridge, at the end of Fleet Ditch next the market. Since the
filling up of Fleet Ditch, this can scarcely be termed a bridge; but
as one of the walls of the bridge is still left, for the security of
passengers, by preventing their falling into the ditch on that
side, it still retains its ancient name.
Fleet Ditch, a part of the town ditch by which Turnmill brook, and
the little river Fleet, fell into the Thames. In this ditch flood gates
were erected in the year 1606; and after the fire of London, it
was by order of the Mayor and court of Aldermen, cleansed,
enlarged, and made navigable, for barges to come up by the
benefit of the tides, as far as Holborn Bridge, where Turnmill
brook fell into this channel. The sides were built of stone and
brick, with warehouses on each side, which ran under the street,
and were designed to be used for laying in of coals, and other
commodities. It had five feet water at the lowest tide at Holborn
Bridge: the wharfs on each side of the channel were thirty-five
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