NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology
CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY NON-CRIMINOLOGY GRADUATE POLICE
OFFICERS
An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to the faculty of the
School of Criminology
Northern Iloilo State University
Ajuy Campus, Ajuy Iloilo
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Criminology
DUMALI, JHON RYAN B.
GREGORIO, RANJHAY V.
NEPOMUCENO, JIANREY S.
QUECOY, JHAN KAISER P.
July 2025
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NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology
APPROVAL SHEET
This undergraduate thesis entitled, CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED
BY NON-CRIMINOLOGY GRADUATE POLICE OFFICERS in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of
Science in Criminology has been examined and recommended for
acceptance and approval.
KRISTEL ANN L. PALMARES, MS CRIM
Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade of
PASSED.
CRIS A. SBALOSA, MS CRIM
Chairperson
REY D.BARRETO,PhD.CRIM BETHEL D.BACABAC,BSSR
Member Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for Bachelor of Science in Criminology, June 2025.
Approved:
FERDINAND V. BEUP, PhD. CRIM
Dean college of criminology
LEBNI T.BERNARDINO JR. PhD.
Campus Administrator
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NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to express their gratitude to the
people mentioned below in helping for the completion of the
thesis:
To Ms. Kristell Ann L. Palmares, MS CRIM, thesis adviser and
mentor, for the knowledge, encouragement, and supervision
throughout the research that truly helped in the completion of
this study;
To Dr. Rey D. Barreto, PhD. Crim, panel member, for
imparting expertise in the validation of our questionnaires and
for the improvement of this study;
To Ms. Bethel D. Bacabac, Office Clerk, statistician, for
the help extended for the statistical analyses and interpretation
of the data;
To Prof. Cris A. Sabalosa, Chairperson, for the comments,
suggestions, guidance, and encouragement; for the words of
encouragement and constant reminders to keep the researchers on
track and to finish this degree program;
To researchers’ parents, Mr. and Mrs Dumali, Mr. and Mrs.
Nepomuceno, Mr. and Mrs. Gregorio, Mr. and Mrs Queqoy, for all
the love and support; to Ma’am Charlyn Mae for the guidance and
for opening her humble abode to us, which served as our meeting
place in doing our research, and;
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NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology
Above all, to God almighty for blessing us with perseverance
in the face of adversity, with His daily guidance that continued
to put our faith in Him for our future.
The Researchers
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NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology
Jhon Ryan B. Dumali, Ranjhay V. Gregorio, Jianrey S.
Nepomuceno, Jhan Kaiser P. Quecoy, entitled, Challenges
Encountered by Non-Criminology Graduate Police Officers,
Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis, Northern Iloilo State
University, Ajuy, Iloilo, November 2024.
ABSTRACT
This descriptive-correlational research aimed to determine
the challenges in job performance, professional development, and
workplace integration among police officers in Ajuy, Iloilo. A
structured questionnaire was used to gather data from randomly
selected respondents. The statistical tools employed included
mean, standard deviation, and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation
Coefficient with the significance level set at 0.05. Findings
revealed that police officers face significant challenges in job
performance, particularly in task-related issues, workload
management, and work efficiency, with younger officers (25-26
years old) reporting the highest levels of difficulty. In terms
of professional development, career growth planning, training
accessibility, and career advancement support were identified as
key challenges, especially among younger officers (21-25 years
old). Regarding workplace integration, team cohesion, leadership
support, and work environment were perceived as major concerns,
with older officers (36-45 years old) rating these challenges
higher than their younger counterparts.
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NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology
Statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between
sex and job performance, professional development, or workplace
integration. Similarly, age did not significantly influence these
factors, suggesting that institutional policies and work
environment may play a more substantial role. These findings
highlight the need for targeted training programs, mentorship
initiatives, and policy improvements to support police officers
in overcoming workplace challenges and enhancing their overall
performance and well-being.
Keywords: Job performance, professional development, workplace
integration, career growth, training accessibility, team
cohesion, leadership support, institutional policies, mentorship,
policy improvements
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NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
Rationale 1
Statement of the problem 2
Null Hypotheses 3
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework 3
Significance of the study 6
Scope and Limitation of Study 7
Definition of Terms 8
Chapter 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Related Literature and Studies
11
Chapter 3. METHODOLOGY
Research Design
19
Respondents Respondent
20
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NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology
Research environment
21
Research Instrument
22
Statistical Procedure
22
Data Analysis Procedure
23
Chapter 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results and Discussion
24
Chapter 5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusions
53
Recommendations
55
REFERENCES
59
APPENDICES
Appendix A. Communication 64
Appendix B. Research Instrument 77
Appendix C. Statistical Computation 85
Appendix D. Curriculum Vitae 96
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NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology
LIST OF TABLES
PAGE
Table 1 Demographic profile of the Respondent 21
Table 2.1 Top 3 challenges in Job Performance faced 25
by Police officers as an entire group and
when classified by sex and age
Table 2.2 Top 3 challenges in Professional Development 31
Faced by Police Officers as an entire group
And when classified by sex and age
Table 2.3 Top 3 challenges in Work integration faced 36
by Police Officers as an entire group when
classified by sex and age
Table 3.1 Top 3 Challenges faced by Police Officers as 38
an entire group when classified by age
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NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology
Table 3.2 Level of Professional Development faced
by 41
Police officers as an entire group and when
classified by age
Table 3.3 Level of Work Integration faced by Police 44
Officers as an entire group when classified
By sex and age
Table 4 Relationship of sex to Challenges in Job 47
Performance, Professional Development, and
Work Integration of Police officers
Table 6 Relationship of age to Challenges in Job 49
Performance, Professional Development,
Work Integration of the Police officers
LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
Figure 1 Shows the paradigm of the study 5
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NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
Ajuy Campus
College of Criminology
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