Development of Amaweavy: A Bamboo Strip Slicing Machine for Efficient Amakan

Weaving

Jonathan Yu

Simone Taloyo

Jing Mar Loloy

Jenna Abrio

MATS College of Technology

 ABSTRACT

This study aims to design a bamboo strip slicer machine for Amakan weaving. Bamboo

slicer machines have become popular due to the increasing demand for bamboo products in various

industries. Bamboo strips play a crucial role in Amakan weaving, allowing weavers to create

patterns and designs in Amakan. They also lie in flexibility, sustainability, lightweight nature, and

cultural significance. However, this method is time-consuming and risky. That is the main reason

for developing the design of the existing machine for making bamboo strip slicer machines.

Fabricating this machine will help reduce the manual labor required for the traditional hand-slicing

method. This paper aims to conceptualize bamboo. The strip slicer machine is designed for

Amakan weaving and can easily slice a bamboo slat into thin bamboo strips. It helps the farmers

save time and effort, making bamboo production more efficient and supporting local economies.

The development of the bamboo strips slicer machine will be achieved by integrating several

components. The study encompasses a comprehensive design of the calculation, simulation

analysis, and testing procedures to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed bamboo strip slicer

machine. The functionality of the developed design was tested through SolidWorks 3D software,

confirming its feasibility in effectively processing bamboo strips in alignment with the goals

outlined in this design paper. This research holds significance in enhancing bamboo processing

efficiency, contributing to sustainable practices in various industries relying on bamboo resources.

Keywords: Amakan weaving, Bamboo strips, Bamboo slicer machine, Streamline production
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Bamboo utilization has increased over the last few decades, and it is an essential natural

resource with various applications in the bamboo industry, including construction, furniture, paper,

and textiles. It is a fast-growing, renewable material with many applications [1]. The practicality

and versatility of bamboo have been demonstrated through its various applications, from

construction to textiles. Bamboo processing skills have been traditionally developed, and bamboo

furniture design development is essential in increasing competitiveness among crafts [2]. Bamboo

was a highly versatile material that Chinese people leveraged across many aspects of their

traditional way of life, from subsistence activities to transportation. Bamboo's availability and

unique properties made it a valuable resource for Chinese communities [3]. The Philippines ranks

6th globally in bamboo exports, with bamboo stands covering an area of 39,000-53,000 hectares

in the country. Bamboo growth is predominantly natural, occurring sporadically in backyards,

along riverbanks, in forest lands, and on some private properties rather than in extensive

commercial plantations [4]. Bamboo is deeply ingrained in the daily lives of Filipinos. Due to its

abundance, accessibility, and affordability, bamboo is regarded as a practical and versatile material

for constructing a wide range of products and structures [5]. As each process needs a specific

machine, recent studies involving manual bamboo strip slicer machines and automatic strip slicer

machines utilize bamboo as the best alternative to wood for furniture, construction, and other uses

for crafts. As a result, a bamboo strip slicer machine for Amakan weaving is proposed. People can

easily slice the bamboo slats into thin strips for weaving. Amakan is a bamboo walling made of

woven strips commonly used in walls and panels [6], and traditional bamboo weaving-associated

knowledge was collected using ethnobotanical methods [7].

 Bamboo slicer machines have become popular due to the increasing demand for bamboo

products in various industries. The study by Tan Xuesong et al., their study provides a full -

automatic bamboo slicer that can decide thick automatically; a full-automatic bamboo slicer

includes a conveying mechanism, push mechanism, tilting mechanism, feed mechanism, slicer

mechanism, frame, and control module [8]. In another study conducted by Aravind U. et al., they

designed a unique machine that can perform all the processes, such as Bamboo cross-cutting and

Bamboo splitting and slicing [9]. However, the adoption of the machine by traditional bamboo

weavers is challenging. One major obstacle is the cost of the machine, which may be too expensive

for some weavers to afford. A study by the Philippine Textile Research Institute (PTRI) identified

the need for financial assistance or credit programs to help weavers acquire the machine [10]. As

a result, there are problems with the bamboo stripping process; according to Patil G. et al., they

developed a machine that will achieve a 2 mm thick bamboo strip using pneumatic and electrical

energy as the machine is fully automatic and operated even by unskilled labor [11]. Another review

article focusing primarily on strips' thickness is" The Precise Thickness Determination Device of

Bamboo Sliver Based on a Single Chip Microcomputer." The study described this machine that

can accurately measure the thickness of bamboo slices that have been broken and can process them

into different thicknesses. This machine has three main parts: SCM control module, stepper motor

drive module, and mechanical drive module, which work together to measure and adjust the

thickness of each slice [12]. Another related study entitled "Multi-functional Black Bone Rattan

Slicer" this study has a feeder hopper and blade holder that includes a first and second-level blade

holder [13] and a kind of drum-type bamboo and wood slicer by Wu Qitian; the invention is the

drum-type bamboo and the wood slicer that the application provides, can be smooth such as

bamboo on the surface, and wood, and hard plant raw materials are sliced and crushed[14].
 Due to the low quality of the production of manual/traditional strip slicer methods, there is

still room for improvement in existing machines. Stripping bamboo involves cutting long bamboo

trunks and then splitting them to obtain bamboo slats to make thin strips. This process is done

manually by farmers using large knives or sharp tools. However, this method is time-consuming

and risky. That is the main reason for developing the design of the existing machine for making

bamboo strips for weaving. Additionally, the size of the bamboo strips is not the same [15-16].

There may be a need to explore alternative designs for bamboo strip production that can address

the limitations of current machines and improve their efficiency and effectiveness.

Novelty of the Study

The research on the Amakan weaving machine offers several distinct contributions that set

it apart from conventional methods:

1. AMAWEAVY:

Development of a new, innovative bamboo slicer machine specifically designed for

Amakan weaving.

The machine, named AMAWEAVY, because it focuses on improving the efficiency of

bamboo when it comes to producing good strip and waste bamboo strip.

3. Improvement in Bamboo Processing Efficiency:

The machine ensures uniformity in the thickness of bamboo strips, a critical factor in

Amakan weaving.
 Reduces the time and labor required for manual bamboo slicing, increasing overall

productivity.

4. Sustainability and Waste Reduction:

The machine is designed to minimize bamboo waste, promoting more sustainable

production practices.

By reducing inefficiencies in the slicing process, AMAWEAVY enhances the

sustainability of bamboo as a renewable resource.

Statement of the Problem

The AMAWEAVY bamboo slicer machine addresses the inefficiencies of traditional

bamboo slicing for Amakan weaving. Manual slicing is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and

often produces uneven strips with significant waste. Existing equipment is costly and not

accessible to small-scale weavers. This study aims to design an affordable, automated slicer that

ensures uniform strip quality, reduces waste, and improves production efficiency. By offering a

cost-effective solution, AMAWEAVY supports local artisans in enhancing both productivity and

product quality.

Significance of the Study

This study on the development of the AMAWEAVY bamboo slicer machine holds

significant importance for various sectors and stakeholders:

1. For Small-Scale Bamboo Weavers: Provides a cost-effective and user-friendly

solution for slicing bamboo strips used in Amakan weaving. This machine helps
 minimize labor costs and increases production efficiency for small-scale bamboo

craftsmen.

2. For Research and Innovation: Contributes to the body of knowledge in bamboo

processing technology, particularly in the design of small-scale machinery for

traditional crafts. It also offers insights into how modern machinery can transform

the bamboo industry and improve the competitiveness of local artisans.

3. Ergonomic and Labor Benefits: Reduces the physical strain and health risks

associated with manual bamboo slicing, such as repetitive motion injuries and

fatigue. By automating the slicing process, the machine frees up human resources

for other aspects of production, enhancing both worker well-being and productivity.

Objectives

● Design and fabricate a bamboo slicer machine that produces uniform (Good Strip

and Bad Strip), high-quality bamboo strips for Amakan weaving.

● To fabricate and DESIGN the AMAWEAVY bamboo slicer machine, ensuring it

is user-friendly, efficient, and easy to operate, providing a practical solution for

improving the speed and quality of bamboo slicing in Amakan weaving.

● To evaluate the functionality and performance of the AMAWEAVY machine

through a series of tests, measuring its ability to produce consistent, uniform bamboo

strips with minimal waste, and assessing its impact on production time and labor

reduction.
Scope and limitations

This study focuses on the design, fabrication, and testing of the AMAWEAVY bamboo

slicer machine, specifically for use in Amakan weaving. The machine will be tested solely for

slicing bamboo strips for Amakan weaving and will not be used for other types of bamboo

processing or materials. Additionally, this study will not cover other applications outside of the

traditional bamboo weaving industry, particularly in non-weaving contexts such as construction or

furniture production.

Definition of Terms

· AMAWEAVY - AMAWEAVY is the name of the bamboo slicer machine developed

in this study, designed specifically for the automated slicing of bamboo strips used in

Amakan weaving. The machine aims to improve efficiency, reduce labor costs, and

ensure consistent strip thickness, making the bamboo slicing process more efficient and

accessible for small-scale artisans.

Amakan Weaving - Amakan weaving refers to the traditional Filipino craft of weaving

bamboo strips to create wall panels (also called Amakan), which are commonly used

in rural housing and as decorative elements in interior design. The process involves

slicing bamboo into thin, uniform strips and weaving them into panels, often requiring

significant manual labor.

Bamboo Slicing - Bamboo slicing is the process of cutting bamboo stalks into thin,

even strips that are used in various applications, including weaving, furniture making,

and construction. This study focuses on automating this process to improve precision,
efficiency, and consistency, particularly for the specific needs of Amakan

weaving.apertures). The size of these openings determines what size of particles can

pass through, which is how the sieving process works.

Good and Waster Bamboo Strip - A good bamboo strip is uniform in width,

thickness, and smoothness, free from cracks, splits, or warping, and strong enough to

withstand the weaving process. It should be straight and consistent, ensuring it can be

easily handled and woven into a high-quality product. On the other hand, a waste

bamboo strip is defective due to irregular dimensions, cracks, splits, or warping,

making it unsuitable for weaving. These strips are weak, inconsistent, or damaged,

compromising the quality of the final woven item.

 CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literatures

Numerous fields of research and study, ranging from various types to various systems,

constitute the foundation for the design and development of an Automated Sand Sieving Machine.

The current research study has its foundation on this review of related literature.

[2.1] Baharuddin et al., "Multifaceted Bamboo," 2023

In support of our study, Baharuddin et al. provide a broad overview of bamboo's versatility and
increasing industrial demand, which affirms the relevance of designing an efficient bamboo strip
slicer. As the need for sustainable materials grows, our project aligns with this global shift by
offering a mechanical solution to support traditional crafts like Amakan weaving while
promoting bamboo as an eco-friendly resource.

[2.2] K. Oentoro et al., "Bamboo Furniture Design Development..." 2021

Oentoro et al. highlight sustainable innovations in bamboo furniture using local materials, which
inspired us to explore how technological intervention could enhance traditional weaving. Their
focus on community-based design informed our approach of developing a slicer machine that
empowers local Amakan weavers to improve productivity while maintaining environmental
consciousness.

[2.3] W. Kuo-an, "Digitization and Value-Add Application of Bamboo Weaving Artifacts"

Kuo-an’s work emphasizes the importance of modernizing bamboo weaving while preserving its
cultural value. Similarly, our study integrates technology—not to replace traditional Amakan
weaving—but to optimize the preparation phase by mechanizing the bamboo slicing process,
thereby supporting artisans in preserving cultural practices efficiently.

[2.4] Industry Strategic Science and Technology Plans (ISPs) Platform

The ISPs underline the importance of bamboo development in national innovation strategies. Our
research contributes to this goal by designing a bamboo slicer machine that enhances local
production capacities, particularly for Amakan weaving, and promotes technological
advancement in the bamboo industry.
[2.5] “Bamboo Instruments,” Bamboo Musical Instruments
This article discusses the cultural importance of bamboo in traditional instruments, which
parallels its role in weaving. Like instrument-making, Amakan weaving relies on precise bamboo
strip preparation. This connection strengthened our resolve to create a machine that would ensure
consistency in strip size while honoring bamboo’s cultural heritage.

[2.6] DSWD, "Batuan SLPPA Produces Amakan for Local and National Trades," 2020
The success of the Amakan industry in Batuan shows the economic potential of traditional
bamboo weaving. We were motivated by this case to design a strip slicer that supports similar
communities by reducing manual labor and increasing output, ultimately boosting the local
economy through improved production methods.

[2.7] B. Luo et al., "Bamboo for Weaving and Relevant Traditional Knowledge in
Sansui..." 2020
Luo et al. highlight the importance of preserving indigenous bamboo knowledge. We share this
vision by creating a machine that aids, rather than replaces, traditional Amakan weaving. Our
design bridges the gap between modern technology and heritage craftsmanship, ensuring
continuity of cultural skills with improved efficiency.

[2.8] X. Tan et al., "Full-Automatic Bamboo Slicer..." 2019

Tan’s fully automatic bamboo slicer served as a reference point in understanding industrial
solutions for bamboo processing. However, our design takes a more community-oriented
approach, focusing on affordability, simplicity, and usability for small-scale Amakan weavers,
rather than full automation aimed at large-scale factories.

[2.9] U. Aravind et al., "Design and Fabrication of Bamboo Slicing Machine," 2020
Aravind et al.'s design inspired us to explore user-friendly machinery for bamboo slicing. Their
emphasis on labor reduction and safety validated our aim to develop a slicer that minimizes
physical strain and slicing risks for Amakan producers, while offering consistent, high-quality
strips for weaving.

[2.10] PTRI, "Technical Bulletin: Amakan Slicer for Bamboo Strips," 2019
PTRI's development of an Amakan slicer confirms the need for specialized equipment in strip
preparation. Our study builds upon this foundation by using simulation and testing tools such as
SolidWorks to further optimize the slicer’s design and enhance its effectiveness in actual
Amakan production settings.

[2.11] A. Patil et al., "Problem Identification on Bamboo Stripping Process," 2022

Patil et al. identified key inefficiencies and safety concerns in manual bamboo stripping, which
directly aligned with our own findings during initial field observations. These problems became
the basis for our machine design, which aims to reduce time, effort, and risk in bamboo strip
preparation for weaving.

[2.12] Z. Zou et al., "Precise Thickness Determination Device..." 2021

Zou et al.’s device provided insights into enhancing quality control in bamboo processing. While
our design does not currently include a thickness sensor, this study influenced our decision to
prioritize strip consistency and consider future integration of precision tools for better strip
uniformity in Amakan weaving.

[2.13] X. Tian, "Multifunctional Black Rattan Slicer," 2017

Tian’s multifunctional slicer encouraged us to consider machine adaptability in our design.
While his focus was on rattan, the concept of a versatile slicing tool resonated with our goal of
creating a user-friendly, flexible machine tailored to the dimensions and slicing needs of Amakan
production.

[2.14] Q. Wu, "A Kind of Drum-Type Bamboo and Wood Slicer," 2018
Wu’s drum-type slicer demonstrated how bamboo and wood can be processed using more
advanced mechanisms. Our study draws from this concept but simplifies the design for
accessibility, focusing on a machine that can efficiently produce uniform strips suitabl e
specifically for Amakan weaving.

[2.15] J. D. Rabha et al., "Manual Width and Thickness Sizer for Bamboo," 2019
Rabha et al.'s manual sizer influenced our appreciation of low-cost tools that aid traditional
craftsmen. Their focus on manual solutions helped shape our machine’s design toward
affordability and simplicity, ensuring that it remains practical for local farmers and weavers
without access to industrial-level equipment.
 The reviewed literature emphasizes the need for automation in bamboo processing to

improve efficiency, consistency, and reduce labor. Tan et al. (2019) developed an industrial

bamboo slicing machine that adjusts strip thickness automatically, offering insights applicable to

AMAWEAVY’s design. Aravind and Rajasekaran (2020) introduced a multi-functional bamboo

processor, showing how integrating cutting, splitting, and slicing functions can streamline

production. Sustainability and efficient resource use are also key themes, as highlighted in the

2021 review on bamboo in construction, which supports AMAWEAVY’s eco-friendly goals. The

Philippine bamboo industry faces challenges due to labor-intensive manual slicing and lack of

affordable equipment, making AMAWEAVY’s low-cost solution vital (2018). Jin and Zhang

(2017) discussed how modern technologies can improve traditional bamboo weaving by

addressing issues like strip inconsistency. Gomez and Tiro (2020) further emphasized that

inconsistent and labor-intensive slicing limits Filipino artisans’ productivity and product quality.

Patil and Kulkarni (2019) showcased pneumatic slicing as an energy-efficient and precise method,

aligning with AMAWEAVY’s goals. Rattan and Ram (2018) focused on precision slicing for

weaving, which reduces waste and enhances output quality. Lastly, studies on production

efficiency (Wang et al., 2016; Sharma et al., 2018) underline the importance of uniform strip

quality and real-time assessments, reinforcing AMAWEAVY’s role in improving bamboo strip

production.
Fig 1. Venn Diagram

AMAWEAVY DESIGN

AMAWEAVY METHODS AND

ANALYSIS CONTROL

AMAWEAVY DESIGN (Circle 1)

• Conceptualization of the bamboo slicer machine.
• Integration of mechanical components (motor, pulleys, blades, frame).
• Use of SolidWorks for 3D modeling and simulation.
• Defined specifications: size, blade count, strip thickness, etc.
• Focus on improving safety, efficiency, and reducing manual labor.

AMAWEAVY METHODS & CONTROL (Circle 2)

• Selection of materials (steel, high-carbon blade, etc.).
• Construction of two designs and evaluation using Pugh Matrix.
• Step-by-step fabrication: cutting, welding, assembling.
• Use of block diagrams to map machine operation.
• Control variables like blade adjustment, feed rate, and bamboo slat dimensions.

AMAWEAVY ANALYSIS (Circle 3)

• Simulation testing using SolidWorks to assess performance.
• Motor and spring performance evaluation (RPM, tension, force).
• Measuring slicing consistency (2mm thickness outputs).
• Adherence to ISO 9001 and ASTM A36 standards.
• Comparison of bamboo strips before and after slicing for quality assurance.

DESIGN ∩ METHODS & CONTROL

• 3D design translated into real-world fabrication steps.
• Defined machine functions based on design specs.
• Blade configuration (fixed vs adjustable) influences control method.
• Design flexibility influences testing parameters.
• Ergonomic and operational safety considered in both design and operation.

METHODS & CONTROL ∩ ANALYSIS

• Testing procedures aligned with fabrication outputs.
• Control of blade tension and motor speed analyzed post-operation.
• Monitoring performance during batch slicing.
• Quality control based on slicing thickness and uniformity.
• Feedback loop for adjustments based on test results.

DESIGN ∩ ANALYSIS
• SolidWorks simulations validate mechanical design feasibility.
• Design choices (blade angle, motor power) tested through analysis.
• Environmental impact considered during design and analyzed in simulations.
• Design improvements based on simulated stress and performance.
• Strip uniformity tied back to design structure and tolerances.

ALL THREE INTERSECTIONS

• THE AMAWEAVY MACHINE

 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Conceptual Framework

This chapter discusses the materials, methods, and processes used in the development of

the AMAWEAVY bamboo slicer machine, as well as the achievement of the study's objectives.

Figure 1 shows the Input, Process, and Output of the study, outlining the bamboo types, slicing

specifications, and the expected results in terms of quality and efficiency of the bamboo strips for

Amakan weaving.

FIG. 2

3.2 Materials and Resources

This section discusses the materials and resources used in designing the AMAWEAVY

bamboo slicer machine. The machine will be designed using SolidWorks 3D software with

embedded flow simulation analysis to ensure efficiency and durability. The frame, blade, and

structural components will be made from steel, while mechanical parts such as motors and pulleys
will be selected for energy efficiency. The machine will run on electricity, using a 3 HP, 3-phase

induction motor from Mindong Electric Group. High-quality pillow blocks, V-belts, and roller

chains will be used for smooth mechanical motion, while a cast iron base plate will reduce

vibrations. The blade will be made from repurposed high-carbon steel, ensuring effective slicing.

3.3 Methods and Procedures

The design process involves defining constraints, such as accommodating varying bamboo

sizes and ensuring the machine can withstand the stress of cutting. The bamboo slicer machine

will have two proposed designs: Design 1 features three blades and a fixed size of 35x23x35

inches, while Design 2 has an adjustable blade and can accommodate different strip thicknesses.

A Pugh matrix was used to analyze and select the most efficient design, which was then modeled

in SolidWorks. The machine will be tested on bamboo (Bambusa blumeana) and requires pre-cut

bamboo slats, as it does not cut slats or remove bamboo nodes.

FIG. 4
3.4 Block Diagram

Figure 2 illustrates the machine's operation, showing how the feeder, roller, blade, and

motor work together to slice bamboo slats into strips. The feeder, made of mild steel, guides the

bamboo through the rollers into the blade for slicing.

FIG 3.

3.5 Design Procedure

The design of the bamboo strip slicer machine begins by defining its main function and

specifications, such as bamboo strip width, thickness, precision, and production rate. A feasibility

study is conducted to understand the material properties, cutting conditions, and environmental

impact, particularly regarding energy use and waste. Initial sketches and 3D models are created to

visualize the design, followed by selecting key components like the motor, blade, frame, and safety

features.
3.6 Fabrication

The fabrication process starts with designing and planning the machine, followed by cutting and

welding the frame (approx. 30” x 19” x 30”). The motor, pulleys, cutting blade, and rollers are

machined with precision. Parts are assembled onto the frame, and all components are connected

with hardware and electrical parts. Testing ensures the machine meets efficiency, safety, and

durability standards. Regular maintenance, such as cleaning and lubricating, is necessary to keep

the machine functioning smoothly. The design should also allow for easy repair and part

replacement.

3.7 TestingProcedure

To test the machine, bamboo slats (4ft and 8ft long, 1.5” wide, 8-10mm thick) are prepared, and

the blade is adjusted to produce 2mm thick strips. The bamboo slats are fed into the machine in

batches of 15, with each batch tested multiple times. Results are recorded and analyzed to assess

the machine’s performance and consistency in slicing bamboo strips.

 Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter includes seven sections that discuss the results and their interpretation. The

first section presents the machine’s conformance to industry standards and material selection. The

second section explains the design process using SolidWorks simulations. The third section

highlights the motor and spring performance essential for consistent slicing. The fourth section

discusses the power transmission system. The fifth section elaborates on the fabrication process of

the machine. The sixth section presents the results of performance testing and user feedback.

Lastly, the seventh section shows the efficiency and recovery data of bamboo slats sliced by the

machine.

Machine Parameters

4.1 Conformance to Standards and Materials Used

The bamboo strip slicer machine meets industrial standards, including ISO 9001 for quality

assurance and ASTM A36 for material selection. To ensure efficiency and safety, the proponents

minimized noise and vibration and applied precise construction methods. This comprehensive

approach ensures that the machine performs effectively while maintaining compliance with strict

quality standards.

4.2 Design and Simulation with SolidWorks

 Figure 5. Blade of the Bamboo Strips Slicer Machine

Figure 6. Design of Bamboo Strips Slicer Machine

The machine was designed using SolidWorks, guided by simulation results that helped identify

essential parameters related to its functionality. These simulations were crucial in testing design

and manufacturing concepts under various conditions. The machine's effectiveness was assessed

by comparing bamboo slats before and after slicing and by analyzing the load response of the

components.

Before slicing, bamboo slats measured 4ft and 8ft in length, with a width of 1.5in and a thickness

of 8mm or 10mm. After slicing, the bamboo strips retained the same length and width, while their
thickness was reduced to 2mm. These consistent outputs demonstrate the machine’s capability to

produce uniform bamboo strips.

4.3 Motor and Spring Performance

The proponents selected a 3-hp motor, operating at 1720 revolutions per minute (rpm), which was

sufficient to power the machine effectively. The spring tension was measured at 64,470 Newtons,

ensuring that the force applied during slicing was optimized for consistent and clean cuts. This

motor-spring combination plays a key role in maintaining performance and slicing accuracy.

a. Power required of the motor.

𝑃 = 2𝜋𝑇𝑁
Where:
N= rpm( revolution per minute)
T = Torque

1720𝑟𝑒𝑣 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑃 = 2𝜋(12.91𝑁 − 𝑚)( )( )
𝑚𝑖𝑛 60𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑁−𝑚
𝑃 = 2325.32 or W
𝑠𝑒𝑐
1𝑘𝑊 1𝐻𝑝
𝑃 = 2325.32𝑊𝑥 𝑥
1000𝑊 0.746𝑘𝑊

𝑃 = 3.117 ≈ 3𝐻𝑝
c. Spring

Tension of Spring
(𝐺 𝑥 𝑑 4)
𝑘=
(8 𝑥 𝐷3 𝑚 𝑥 𝑛)
Where:
k= spring constant (N-m)
G= Shear modulus of the spring material (Pa)
d=wire diameter of the spring (m)
Dm= mean diameter (m)
n=number of active coils

Mean Diameter Dm)

𝐷+𝑑
𝐷𝑚 =
2
Where:
D= outer diameter
d=inner diameter
D=4in(101.6mm)
d=1.26(32mm)
 101.6𝑚𝑚 + 32𝑚𝑚 1𝑚
𝐷𝑚 = = 66.8𝑚𝑚𝑥 = 0.067𝑚
2 1000𝑚𝑚
Outer Diameter(D)
𝐷𝑜 − 𝐷𝑤 = 𝐷𝑚
𝐷𝑤 = 𝐷𝑜 − 𝐷𝑚
𝐷𝑤 = 101.6𝑚𝑚 − 66.8𝑚𝑚
1𝑚
d=𝐷𝑤 = 34.8𝑚𝑚𝑥 = 0.035𝑚
1000𝑚𝑚

101325 𝑃𝑎
𝐺 = 12𝑥106 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝑥
14.7𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝐺 = 8.27𝑥1010 𝑃𝑎

n= 8 {no. of active coils}

(𝐺 𝑥 𝑑 4)
𝑘=
(8 𝑥 𝐷3 𝑚 𝑥 𝑛)

(8.27𝑥1010𝑃𝑎)( 0.035𝑚)4
𝑘=
(8 )( 0.067)3 (8)

𝑘 = 6.447𝑥10 6 𝑁 − 𝑚

Tension
𝐹 = 𝑘 𝑥 𝛥𝐿
Initial length (𝐿 𝑖 )=86.36mm (relax state)
(𝐿 𝑐 )=76.36mm (compressed)
71.76mm less 8mm since the bamboo’s slat thickness is 8mm.

𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = (6.447𝑥106 𝑁 − 𝑚)(𝐿 𝑖 − 𝐿 𝑐 )

1𝑚
𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = (6.447𝑥106 )(86.36𝑚𝑚 − 76.36𝑚𝑚)( )
1000𝑚𝑚
𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 64470𝑁

4.4 Power Transmission System

The power transmission system was carefully designed to optimize functionality. The machine

uses a type A belt for efficient power delivery and an ASA 50 roller chain with a 0.75-inch pitch.

Two rollers transmit motion throughout the system:

● Small sprocket (15 teeth): 382.226 rpm

● Large sprocket (20 teeth): 286.67 rpm

● Linear roller speed: 299.83 ft/min

This system ensures that power from the motor is effectively transferred to the rollers, enabling

the consistent and efficient movement of bamboo through the slicer.

Power Transmission
a. Pulley and Belts Design

𝑃 = 3𝐻𝑝
𝑁1 = 1720 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝐷1 = 3𝑖𝑛
𝐷2 = 18 𝑖𝑛

From table 17.7, the Factor of Safety is 1.2

𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐻𝑝 = 𝑃 × 𝐹. 𝑆

𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐻𝑝 = (3 𝐻𝑝)(1.2) = 3.6 𝐻𝑝

From figure 17.14

Type of belt is type A

𝑉𝑚 = 𝜋𝐷1 𝑁1

1 𝑓𝑡
𝑉𝑚 = 𝜋 (3𝑖𝑛 × )1720
12 𝑖𝑛
𝑓𝑡
𝑉𝑚 = 1350.88
𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐷1 3 𝑖𝑛
𝑁2 = 𝑁1 = (1720 𝑟𝑝𝑚 × ) = 286.67 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝐷2 18 𝑖𝑛
𝐷2 𝑁1 1720 𝑟𝑝𝑚
= = = 5.99
𝐷1 𝑁2 286.67𝑟𝑝𝑚

From table 17.4, the small-diameter factor ( ( 𝐾𝑑) is 1.14

0.09
10 3 𝑐 𝑉𝑚 2 𝑉𝑚
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐻𝑝 = [𝑎 ( ) − − 𝑒 6] 3
𝑉𝑚 𝑘𝑑 𝐷1 10 10
𝑎 = 2.684
𝑐 = 5.326
0.09
103 5.326 (1350.88)2
𝑒 = 0.0136𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐻𝑝 = [2.684 ( ) − − 0.0136 ]
1350.88 1.14𝑥3 106
1350.88
𝑥[ ]
103

𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐻𝑝 = 1.39𝐻𝑝 ≈ 1.4𝐻𝑝

𝑁1 1720
𝐷2 = 𝐷1 = 3𝑖𝑛 = 17.99
𝑁2 286.67

From table 17.3, some stock sheave diameter is 18

 𝐷2 + 𝐷1 18𝑖𝑛 + 3𝑖𝑛
𝐶= + 𝐷1 = + 3𝑖𝑛 = 13.5 𝑖𝑛
2 2

Length of belt
(𝐷2 − 𝐷1 )2
𝐿 = 2𝑐 + 1.57 (𝐷2 + 𝐷1 ) +
4𝑐
(18 − 3)2
𝐿 = 2(13.5 ) + 1.57(18 + 3) +
4(13.5)

𝐿 = 64 𝑖𝑛

From table 17.3, standard length is 61.3 in, A60

Computing for the actual center distance

𝐵 = 4𝐿 − 6.28(𝐷2 + 𝐷1 )

𝐵 = 4(61.3) − 6.28(18 + 3)

𝐵 = 113.32𝑖𝑛

𝐵 + √𝐵 2 − 32(𝐷2 − 𝐷1 )2
𝐶=
16

113.32 + √(113.32)2 − 32(18 − 3)2

𝐶=
16

𝐶 = 11.78 𝑖𝑛

𝐷2 − 𝐷1 18 − 3
= = 1.27
𝐶 11.78

From table 17.5, the arc 0f contact factor (𝐾∅) is 0.76

From table 17.6, the length correcting factor (𝐾𝐿 ) is 0.98

𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐻𝑝 = (𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐻𝑝)(𝐾∅) (𝐾𝐿 )

𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐻𝑝 = (3𝐻𝑝)(0.8411) (0.98)

𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐻𝑝 = 2.4𝐻𝑝

𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐻𝑝 3.6
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑡𝑠 = = = 1.6
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐻𝑝 2.4

𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑡𝑠 ≈ 2

b. Roller Chain

𝑇1 = 20 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ
𝑇2 = 20 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ
𝑇3 = 15 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ
𝑇4 = 15 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ
𝑇5 = 20 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ
𝑁 = 286.67 𝑟𝑝𝑚
 𝐴𝑆𝐴 50𝑟 − 1𝑅

1st Part: Sprocket 1 & 2

𝑇1 𝑁1 𝑇2 𝑁2 𝑇1 𝑁1 20 𝑥286.67 𝑟𝑝𝑚
= → 𝑁2 = = = 286.67𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑇2 𝑇2 𝑇2 20
5
For ASA 50 𝑃 = 𝑖𝑛 = 0.75𝑖𝑛 = 15.875𝑚𝑚
8
Center Distance
𝐷1
𝐶 = 𝐷2 +
2
For 𝐷1
𝑃 15.875
𝐷1 = = = 101.480𝑚𝑚 = 3.99𝑖𝑛
180 180
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑇1 20
For 𝐷2
𝑃 15.875
𝐷2 = = = 101.480𝑚𝑚 = 3.99𝑖𝑛
180 180
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑇2 20

𝐷1 3.99
𝐶 = 𝐷2 + = 3.99 + = 5.985𝑖𝑛
2 2

Solve for the length

𝑇2 + 𝑇1 (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )2
𝐿 = 2𝐶 + +
2 40𝐶
5.985𝑖𝑛 5.985𝑖𝑛
𝐶= = = 11.97𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ
𝑃 0.5
20 + 20 (20 − 20)2
𝐿 = 2(11.97𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ) + +
2 40(11.97𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ)
𝐿 = 43.94𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ(0.5)
𝐿 = 21.97 𝑖𝑛 ÷ 2
𝐿 = 10.985𝑖𝑛

2nd Part: Sprocket 2 & 3

𝑇2 𝑁2 𝑇3 𝑁3 𝑇2 𝑁2 20 𝑥286.67 𝑟𝑝𝑚
= → 𝑁3 = = = 382.226𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑇3 𝑇3 𝑇3 15

5
For ASA 50 𝑃 = 𝑖𝑛 = 0.75𝑖𝑛 = 15.875𝑚𝑚
8

Center Distance
𝐷2
𝐶 = 𝐷3 +
2

For 𝐷2
𝑃 15.875
𝐷2 = = = 101.480𝑚𝑚 = 3.99𝑖𝑛
180 180
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑇2 20
For 𝐷3
𝑃 15.875
𝐷3 = = = 76.354𝑚𝑚 = 3.006𝑖𝑛
180 180
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑇3 15
 𝐷2 3.99
𝐶 = 𝐷3 + = 3.006 + = 5.001𝑖𝑛
2 2

𝑇3 + 𝑇2 (𝑇3 − 𝑇2 )2
𝐿 = 2𝐶 + +
2 40𝐶
5.001𝑖𝑛 5.001𝑖𝑛
𝐶= = = 10.002𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ
𝑃 0.5
20 + 15 (20 − 15)2
𝐿 = 2(10.002𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ) + +
2 40(10.002𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ)
𝐿 = 37.566𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ(0.5)
𝐿 = 18.783 𝑖𝑛 ÷ 2
𝐿 = 9.391𝑖𝑛

3rd part: Sprocket 3 & 4

𝑇3 𝑁3 𝑇4 𝑁4 𝑇3 𝑁3 15𝑥382.226 𝑟𝑝𝑚
= → 𝑁4 = = = 382.226𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑇4 𝑇4 𝑇4 15
5
For ASA 50 𝑃 = 𝑖𝑛 = 0.75𝑖𝑛 = 15.875𝑚𝑚
8
Center Distance
𝐷3
𝐶 = 𝐷4 +
2

For 𝐷3
𝑃 15.875
𝐷3 = = = 76.3540𝑚𝑚 = 3.006𝑖𝑛
180 180
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑇3 15
For 𝐷4
𝑃 15.875
𝐷4 = = = 76.354𝑚𝑚 = 3.006𝑖𝑛
180 180
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑇4 15

𝐷3 3.006
𝐶 = 𝐷4 + = 3.006 + = 4.509𝑖𝑛
2 2

𝑇4 + 𝑇3 (𝑇4 − 𝑇3 )2
𝐿 = 2𝐶 + +
2 40𝐶
4.509𝑖𝑛 4.509𝑖𝑛
𝐶= = = 9.018𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ
𝑃 0.5

15 + 15 (15 − 15)2
𝐿 = 2(9.018𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ) + +
2 40(9.018𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ)
𝐿 = 33.036𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ(0.5)
𝐿 = 16.518 𝑖𝑛 ÷ 2
𝐿 = 8.259𝑖𝑛

4th part: Sprocket 4 & 5

𝑇4 𝑁4 𝑇5 𝑁5 𝑇4 𝑁4 15𝑥 382.226 𝑟𝑝𝑚
= → 𝑁5 = = = 286.67𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑇5 𝑇5 𝑇5 20
5
For ASA 50 𝑃 = 𝑖𝑛 = 0.75𝑖𝑛 = 15.875𝑚𝑚
8

Center Distance
𝐷4
𝐶 = 𝐷5 +
2

For 𝐷4
 𝑃 15.875
𝐷4 = = = 76.3540𝑚𝑚 = 3.006𝑖𝑛
180 180
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑇4 15
For 𝐷5
𝑃 15.875
𝐷5 = = = 101.480𝑚𝑚 = 3.99𝑖𝑛
180 180
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑇5 20

𝐷4 3.006
𝐶 = 𝐷5 + = 3.99 + = 5.493𝑖𝑛
2 2

20 + 15 (20 − 15)2
𝐿 = 2(10.986𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ) + +
2 40(10.986𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ)
𝐿 = 39.528𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ(0.5)
𝐿 = 19.764 𝑖𝑛 ÷ 2
𝐿 = 9.882𝑖𝑛
5th part: Sprocket 5 & 1
𝑇5 𝑁5 𝑇1 𝑁1 𝑇5 𝑁5 20𝑥 286.67 𝑟𝑝𝑚
= → 𝑁1 = = = 286.67𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑇1 𝑇1 𝑇1 20
5
For ASA 50 𝑃 = 𝑖𝑛 = 0.75𝑖𝑛 = 15.875𝑚𝑚
8

Center Distance

𝐷5
𝐶 = 𝐷1 +
2

For 𝐷5
𝑃 15.875
𝐷5 = = = 101.480𝑚𝑚 = 3.99𝑖𝑛
180 180
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑇5 20
For 𝐷1
𝑃 15.875
𝐷1 = = = 101.480𝑚𝑚 = 3.99𝑖𝑛
180 180
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑇1 20

𝐷5 3.99
𝐶 = 𝐷1 + = 3.99 + = 5.985𝑖𝑛
2 2

𝑇1 + 𝑇5 (𝑇1 − 𝑇5 )2
𝐿 = 2𝐶 + +
2 40𝐶
5.985𝑖𝑛 5.985𝑖𝑛
𝐶= = = 11.97𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ
𝑃 0.5

20 + 20 (20 − 20)2
𝐿 = 2(11.97𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ) + +
2 40(11.97𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ)
𝐿 = 43.94𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ(0.5)
𝐿 = 21.97 𝑖𝑛 ÷ 2
𝐿 = 10.985𝑖𝑛

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 1𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 2𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 + 3𝑟𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡

+4𝑡ℎ 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 + 5𝑡ℎ 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 10.985𝑖𝑛 + 9.391𝑖𝑛 + 8.259𝑖𝑛
+9.882𝑖𝑛 + 10.985𝑖𝑛
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 49.502𝑖𝑛
c. Rollers
Calculating rpm of the Rollers
Motor rpm=1720 rpm
Motor pulley diameter= 3 inches
Roller Pulley diameter= 18 inches
Motor Power=2.2kW

𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑦

𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 = 𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑥
𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑦
3𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 = 1720 𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝑥 = 286.67𝑟𝑝𝑚
18𝑖𝑛

Calculating Torque of the Rollers

9550 𝑥 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟(𝑘𝑊) 9550 𝑥 2.2
Torque(Nm)= = = 12.22𝑁𝑚
𝑟𝑝𝑚 1720 𝑟𝑝𝑚

𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝜋 𝑥 4𝑖𝑛 𝑥 286.67𝑟𝑝𝑚 = 3597.92 𝑖𝑛/𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒

𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 299.83 𝑓𝑡/𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒.

4.5 Fabrication of the Machine

Figure 7. Actual Image of Bamboo Strips Slicer Machine

The machine was fabricated by the proponents in strict accordance with the design specifications.

Every component was prepared, fabricated, and assembled with high precision. The base frame
was aligned and fastened, followed by installation of the slicer, roller mechanisms, and bamboo

holders. After assembly, the machine was tested and calibrated to ensure optimal operation.

Through this meticulous process, the machine met all intended quality, efficiency, and reliability

goals, making it suitable for potential industrial application. The documentation of this process

offers valuable insights for future development and improvements.

4.6 Performance Testing and User Feedback

Figure 8. Actual Image of Bamboo Strips

 Figure 9. Standard Thickness of Bamboo Strips

Figure 10. Product’s Weaving Sample

The proponents conducted sixty trials, slicing bamboo slats of 8mm and 10mm thickness,

successfully producing 270 finished strips. The standard target thickness for bamboo strips is 2mm,

as affirmed by Mr. Richard Duran from Barangay Magtuod. According to Mr. Duran, thinner strips

are preferred, although customer specifications may vary. The machine was proven capable of

delivering strips that meet these varying requirements.

He also stated that no strips were rejected, even if some were slightly broken or thinner than

intended, as they were still suitable for Amakan weaving. The proponents coordinate regularly

with beneficiaries to ensure all outputs align with expectations. Any deviations are reported and

approved by the beneficiary union before being accepted, showing a commitment to customer

satisfaction and adaptive production.

4.7 Recovery and Efficiency Results

Figure 11. Bamboo Slat and Length Combination

Efficiency and recovery were evaluated for four slat combinations:

● 4ft x 8mm

● 4ft x 10mm

● 8ft x 8mm

● 8ft x 10mm
The bar chart illustrates that:

● 4ft x 10mm and 8ft x 10mm slats achieved 83.33% efficiency

● 4ft x 8mm and 8ft x 8mm slats achieved 80% efficiency

Recovery and efficiency were shown to correlate directly with the thickness of the slats rather than

their length. Thicker bamboo slats (10mm) provided better results and fewer defective strips,

supporting the recommendation to use thicker slats to improve efficiency and reduce material

waste.
 Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

This study focuses on designing a bamboo strip slicer machine specifically for Amakan

weaving, a traditional craft with deep cultural importance. Amakan weaving relies on thin bamboo

strips, which are essential for creating intricate and artistic patterns. However, the traditional

method of hand-slicing bamboo is time-consuming and poses safety risks to workers. The

increasing demand for bamboo products in various industries calls for a more efficient and safer

method of production. Hence, this study aims to develop a bamboo slicer machine that addresses

these challenges.

The machine is designed to automate the slicing process by integrating several mechanical

components that can precisely cut bamboo slats into thin strips. The fabrication of this machine

not only reduces the manual labor involved but also enhances productivity for local farmers and

craftsmen. It aims to save time and effort, making bamboo processing more efficient and less

physically demanding. The machine supports sustainable practices by utilizing bamboo—a

renewable, lightweight, and flexible material—more effectively. Through this innovation, the

study supports the preservation and advancement of traditional Amakan weaving.

To evaluate the effectiveness of the design, simulations and tests were conducted using

SolidWorks 3D modeling software. The results confirmed the feasibility and functionality of the

proposed bamboo strip slicer machine. The design process involved detailed calculations,

component integration, and analysis to ensure optimal performance. This research demonstrates

the potential to improve bamboo processing methods, offering a practical solution for communities
engaged in bamboo-based crafts. Ultimately, the project contributes to economic and cultural

sustainability in regions that depend on bamboo industries.

Conclusions and Future Works

Based on the results, the proponents successfully achieved their primary objectives: to design,

fabricate, and test an efficient bamboo strip-slicing machine tailored for Amakan weaving. The

developed machine precisely slices bamboo slats into uniform, thin strips essential for high-quality

Amakan mats. Throughout the fabrication process, appropriate materials were carefully selected,

and critical components were integrated into the final design.

Initial testing revealed the machine’s high efficiency and accuracy, significantly outperforming

traditional manual slicing methods. The device minimizes the time and effort required while

improving safety by eliminating the risks associated with handling sharp tools. Additionally, the

machine is user-friendly and does not require specialized skills, making it highly accessible for

local weavers. These attributes highlight the slicer’s potential for broader application in larger -

scale bamboo weaving operations.

The proponents recommend further research and development to improve the machine’s

performance. Key areas include optimizing blade design for greater speed, precision, and

consistency—especially across different bamboo thicknesses. Additionally, exploring alternative

materials and innovative technologies could make the machine more cost-effective and better

suited for traditional weaving communities. Future studies should also assess the machine’s

performance when used with various bamboo species to validate its versatility and reliability.
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