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Derivatives - Revision - Sheet For Quick Overview

This document provides a comprehensive overview of derivative rules, including basic, important, and advanced rules such as the product, quotient, and chain rules. It also covers higher order derivatives and applications of derivatives, such as rate of change, slope of a curve, and optimization. Key derivative formulas for various functions including polynomials, exponentials, logarithms, and trigonometric functions are included.

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28 views3 pages

Derivatives - Revision - Sheet For Quick Overview

This document provides a comprehensive overview of derivative rules, including basic, important, and advanced rules such as the product, quotient, and chain rules. It also covers higher order derivatives and applications of derivatives, such as rate of change, slope of a curve, and optimization. Key derivative formulas for various functions including polynomials, exponentials, logarithms, and trigonometric functions are included.

Uploaded by

priyamveerpal.iitm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Complete Derivatives Revision Sheet

1. Basic Derivative Rules


• Constant Rule: If f (x) = c, then f ′ (x) = 0

• Power Rule: If f (x) = xn , then f ′ (x) = nxn−1

• Constant Multiple Rule: d


dx
[c · f (x)] = c · f ′ (x)

• Sum Rule: d
dx
[f (x) + g(x)] = f ′ (x) + g ′ (x)

• Difference Rule: d
dx
[f (x) − g(x)] = f ′ (x) − g ′ (x)

2. Important Derivatives
Polynomials and Rational Functions
d n
(x ) = nxn−1 (n ∈ R)
dx
 
d 1 1
=− 2
dx x x

Radical Functions
d √ 1 d 1 1 1
( x) = √ , (x n ) = x n −1
dx 2 x dx n

Exponential Functions
d x d x
(e ) = ex , (a ) = ax ln(a)
dx dx

Logarithmic Functions
d 1 d 1
(ln x) = , (loga x) =
dx x dx x ln a

1
Trigonometric Functions
d d
(sin x) = cos x, (cos x) = − sin x
dx dx
d d
(tan x) = sec2 x, (cot x) = − csc2 x
dx dx
d d
(sec x) = sec x tan x, (csc x) = − csc x cot x
dx dx

3. Advanced Derivative Rules


Product Rule
d
[f (x)g(x)] = f ′ (x)g(x) + f (x)g ′ (x)
dx

Quotient Rule
f ′ (x)g(x) − f (x)g ′ (x)
 
d f (x)
=
dx g(x) [g(x)]2

Chain Rule
d
[f (g(x))] = f ′ (g(x)) · g ′ (x)
dx

Implicit Differentiation
When y is a function of x and not explicitly solved:

Differentiate both sides of the equation with respect to x, treating y as y(x)


dy
Example: For x2 + y 2 = 1, differentiate to get 2x + 2y dx =0

Logarithmic Differentiation
Used for functions like y = xx , y = f (x)g(x)

ln y = ln(f (x)g(x) ) = g(x) ln(f (x))

Then differentiate both sides using chain and product rules.

4. Higher Order Derivatives


d2 f dn f
f ′′ (x) = , f (n) (x) =
dx2 dxn

2
5. Applications of Derivatives
• Rate of Change: Derivative represents the instantaneous rate of change.

• Slope of a Curve: The derivative at a point gives the slope of the tangent.

• Critical Points: Where f ′ (x) = 0 or f ′ (x) is undefined.

• Increasing/Decreasing Intervals: Use sign of f ′ (x).

• Concavity and Inflection Points: Use sign of f ′′ (x).

• Optimization: Find maxima or minima using first and second derivative tests.

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