JIG JIGA HEALTH SCIENCE COLLEGE

8/22/2025

Department of BSc nurse up/grade

Individual assignment
Course title – health promotion & disease prevention

SN NAME FULL IDNO

1 Khader Bashir Aden
147/1
6

NB
 Assignment should smart
 Presentation will be first class of our schedule
 If you miss a presentation automatically no grade
 Not more then five page including cover page
 Good presentation has a value
 Mark 25%

Tch name
mahamed a.wahab
1Hhealth education:
1. Health

Definition:
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-
being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
(WHO - World Health Organization)

Components of Health:
Component Description
Physical Health Proper functioning of the body; absence of illness or injury
Mental Health Good and psychological well-being; ability to cope with stress

Social Health Good relationships with others; ability to interact and

communicate well

Spiritual Health Sense of purpose and meaning in life

Environmental Health Living in a clean, safe environment

Health Education
Definition:
Health education is the process of informing and motivating
people to adopt and maintain healthy behaviors and lifestyles to
improve individual and community health.

Objectives of Health Education:

Increase knowledge about health.

Change unhealthy attitudes and behaviors.
Promote healthy habits (e.g., hygiene, exercise, nutrition).
Prevent diseases and reduce risk factors.
Encourage proper use of healthcare services.

2 .What is Communication?
Definition:
Communication is the process of sending and receiving
information between two or more people to share meaning, ideas,
emotions, or instructions.
👉 In simple terms: Communication is how people understand
each other.
Components of Communication
Communication involves key elements that work together for the
message to be understood.
Component Explanation
SenderThe person who creates and sends the message.
MessageThe actual content or information being communicated.
EncodingTurning the message into symbols (words, signs,
gestures).
ChannelThe medium used to send the message (e.g., speech,
phone, email).
ReceiverThe person who gets and interprets the message.
DecodingUnderstanding or interpreting the message.
FeedbackThe response from the receiver back to the sender.
NoiseAnything that disrupts or interferes with the message (e.g.,
loud sound, language barrier).

with the message (e.g., loud sound,

Model:
Both participants are sender/receiver at once, with feedback and
context.
Culture and Communication
Culture affects communication in many ways:
Cultural InfluenceExplanationLanguageDifferent languages or
dialects can aff
Nonverbal CuesGestures, eye contact, or body language may mean
different things in different cultures ect un..Context StyleSome
cultures prefer direct communication (clear and open), others
prefer indirect (polit..
Context StyleSome cultures prefer direct communication (clear
and open), others prefer indirect (polite or suggestive).e or
suggestive).derstanding
Values & BeliefsAttitudes towards age, gender, or authority affect
communication.
Time OrientationSome cultures are
time-focused (punctual), others are
relationship-focused (flexible with time).
language bar
cult

3 What is Culture?
Definition:
Culture is the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors,
language, and material things of a group of people, passed down
from one generation to another.
👉 It is the way of life of a group — how people think, act, dress,
eat, worship, and relate to others.
2. Distinguishing Characteristics of Culture
These are the key features that make culture unique and help us
understand how it works in society.
 a. Culture is Learned
Explanation: Culture is not inherited by birth; it is learned through
socialization.
Example: A child learns language, customs, and manners by
observing parents, teachers, and community.
b. Culture is Shared
Explanation: Culture is not personal — it is shared by members
of a group or society.
Example: People in the same culture celebrate the same holidays
and follow the same traditions.
c. Culture is Dynamic (Changes Over Time)
Explanation: Culture is not fixed — it changes with time due to
new ideas, technology, or contact with other ure — one by one
cultures.
Example: Mobile phones and social media have changed how
people communicate across cultures.
d. Culture is Symbolic
Explanation: Culture uses symbols (like language, dress, or flags)
to express values and identity.
Example: A national flag represents patriotism; wearing hijab or
cross has cultural and religious meaning.e. Culture is Integrated
(Connected Parts)
Explanation: All parts of culture (religion, economy, language,
family) are connected. A change in one part affects others.
Example: Changing gender roles in a society can affect family life,
work, and education.
f. Culture is Adaptive
Explanation: Culture helps people adapt to their environment or
new challenges.
Example: People living in deserts develop clothing, housing, and
eating habits that help them survive in hot climates.
g. Culture Gives Identity
Explanation: Culture gives people a sense of belonging and
identity.
Example: Language, religion, and traditions help someone feel part
of Somali, Arab, American, or Chinese culture.
h. Culture is Transmitted
Explanation: Culture is passed from one generation to the next,
mostly through language, education, and imitation.
Example: Grandparents teach proverbs and stories to
grandchildren.
. Components of Behavior
Human behavior consists of three main components, often
referred to as the ABC Model:
ComponentDescriptionExample
A – Affective (Feelings)Emotional response to a situationFeeling
angry when insulted
B – Behavioral (Actions)Observable action or reactionWalking
away, crying, fighting
C – Cognitive (Thinking)Mental process of understanding and
decisionThinking "This is unfair" or "I should report this"

Behavior is shaped by what we feel, what we do, and what we

think.
Many factors influence how people behave. These are grouped
into biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors:
A. Biological Factors
Definition: Physical or genetic conditions that affect behavior.
Examples:
Genetics – inherited traits (e.g., aggression, intelligence).
Brain function – chemical imbalances can cause depression or
anxiety.
Hormones – stress hormones like cortisol affect reactions.
Health condition – illness or disability can affect mood and
behavior.
B. Psychological Factors
Definition: Internal thoughts, emotions, and personality traits.
• Examples:
Attitudes & beliefs – optimistic vs. pessimistic thinking.
Personality – introvert vs. extrovert.
Self-esteem – people with high self-esteem act more confidently.
Past experiences – trauma can shape future reactions.
C. Social Factors
Definition: Interactions with others and society.
Examples:
Family – parenting style shapes children’s behavior.
Peers – friends influence habits, choices (peer pressure).
Culture & Religion – shape behavior norms, like dress or eating.
Media – affects attitudes (TV, social media,
Factors Affecting Human Behavior
internet).
D. Environmental Factors
Definition: Physical surroundings and living conditions.
Examples:
Living conditions – crowded or unsafe areas increase stress.
Education – higher education promotes better decision-making.
Work environment – supportive workplaces improve behavior.
Noise/Light/Temperature – can affect concentration or mood
.
Components of Behavior

Human behavior consists of three main components, often

referred to as the ABC Model:
ComponentDescriptionExample
A – Affective (Feelings)Emotional response to a situationFeeling
angry when insulted
B – Behavioral (Actions)Observable action or reactionWalking
away, crying, fighting
C – Cognitive (Thinking)Mental process of understanding and
decisionThinking "This is unfair" or "I should report this"
Behavior is shaped by what we feel, what we do, and what we
think.
Many factors influence how people behave. These are grouped into
biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors:
A. Biological Factors
Definition: Physical or genetic conditions that affect behavior.
Examples:
Genetics – inherited traits (e.g., aggression, intelligence).
Brain function – chemical imbalances can cause depression or
anxiety.
Hormones – stress hormones like cortisol affect reactions.
Health condition – illness or disability can affect mood and
behavior.
B. Psychological Factors
Definition: Internal thoughts, emotions, and personality traits.
Examples:
Attitudes & beliefs – optimistic vs. pessimistic thinking.
Personality – introvert vs. extrovert.
Self-esteem – people with high self-esteem act more confidently.
Past experiences – trauma can shape future reactions.
C. Social Factors
Definition: Interactions with others and society.
Examples:
Family – parenting style shapes children’s behavior.
Peers – friends influence habits, choices (peer pressure).
Culture & Religion – shape behavior norms, like dress or eating.
Media – affects attitudes (TV, social media,
Factors Affecting Human Behavior
internet).
D. Environmental Factors
Definition: Physical surroundings and living conditions.
Examples:
Living conditions – crowded or unsafe areas increase stress.
Education – higher education promotes better decision-making.
Work environment – supportive workplaces improve behavior.

4 Factors Affecting Human Behavior

Many factors influence how people behave. These are grouped into
biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors:
A. Biological Factors
Definition: Physical or genetic conditions that affect behavior.

Examples:

Genetics – inherited traits (e.g., aggression, intelligence).

Brain function – chemical imbalances can cause depression or
anxiety.
Hormones – stress hormones like cortisol affect reactions.
Health condition – illness or disability can affect mood and
behavior.
Psychological Factors
Definition: Internal thoughts, emotions, and personality traits.
Examples:
Attitudes & beliefs – optimistic vs. pessimistic thinking.
Personality – introvert vs. extrovert.
Self-esteem – people with high self-esteem act more confidently.
Past experiences – trauma can shape future reactions.
C. Social Factors
Definition: Interactions with others and society.

Examples:

Family – parenting style shapes children’s behavior.

Peers – friends influence habits, choices (peer pressure).
Culture & Religion – shape behavior norms, like dress or eating.
Media – affects attitudes (TV, social media ght/Temperature can
affect concentration or

5 What is Training?

Definition:
Training is a planned process to develop knowledge, skills, and
attitudes through learning experiences, to improve performance in a
specific task or job.
> 👉 It helps people become better at what they do — whether at
work, school, or in life

Types of Training

Training can be classified based on purpose, method, or audience.

Here are common types:

A. On-the-Job Training (OJT)

Definition: Training done at the workplace while the employee is

working.

Example: A nurse learning how to use a new machine by observing

a senior nurse.

B. Off-the-Job Training

Definition: Training away from the job site in a classroom or

training center.

Example: Attending a health workshop or seminar.

C. Induction Training

Definition: Training given to new employees to introduce them to

the organization.

Example: Tour of the hospital, rules, safety, policies.

D. Technical/Skill Training

Phase 2: Training Design and Delivery

Definition: Plan the content, method, and deliver the training.

Key Activities:

Set objectives
Prepare materials

Choose methods (lecture, role-play, video

Phase 3: Evaluation and Follow-up

Definition: Assess if training was effective.

Key Activities:

Test knowledge or skill after training

Get feedback