AUTOMATIC PLANT WATERING
SYSTEM USING ARDUINO UNO
A Synopsis Report In Practical Fulfilment Of The Requirements For
The Award Of The Diploma Of
Electronics Engineering
By
1. Krishna Kushwaha : E22330633000029
2. Lakhan Mishra : E22330633000031
3. Ratan Kumar : E22330633000043
4. Saurabh Singh : E22330633000053
5. Veer Singh : E22330633000062
Under the guidance Of Er. Surjeet Kumar Lecturer of
Electronics Engineering
SESSION : 2024 - 2025
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC FARRUKHABAD
ABSTRACT
This project presents an Automatic system designed to monitor the
moisture levels in the soil and water the plants automatically when
needed . The system uses an Arduino Uno ,a Soil Moisture sensor ,
and a water pump .
The sensor constantly checks the soil moisture .when the moisture
level drops level drops below a certain threshold ,the Arduino
Activates the water pump to supply water to the plants. Once the soil
reaches an adequate moisture level, the pump automatically turns off.
This not only saves time and effort but also ensure plant care .
This technology is especially useful for people who are unable to
water their plants regularly or those interested in smart gardening .
INDEX
1. Introduction
2. Component Required
3. Circuit Diagram
4. Circuit Code
5. Advantage
6. Application
7. Conclusion
1. Introduction :- An automatic plant watering
system using an Arduino Uno is a project that utilization
a microcontroller to monitor soil moisture and
automatically activate a water pump when needed.
This system aims to provide plats with optimal
hydration without manual intervention ,Conserving
water and ensuring healthy growth .
Here’s a breakdown of the key features :
1. Soil Moisture Sensor :
The core component that detects the moisture level in the
soil.
The sensor sends a signal to the Arduino Uno indicating
whether the soil is dry or wet .
2. Arduino Uno Microcontroller :
The brain of the system, receiving sensor data and
controlling the water pump .
It’s a programmable board that can be easily connected
to other components .
3. Water Pump:
The device that delivers water to the plants .
It’s activated by the Arduino Uno when the soil moisture
sensor indicates a need for water .
Relay module controls the water pump effectively .
4. Connected to Supply :
External power the Arduino using an 9V Battey or adapter
through the DC barrel Jack .
5. Water Savings :
Only supplies water when required, preventing wastage .
2. Components Required :-
1. Arduino Uno
2. Soil moisture Sensor
3. Relay Module
4. Water Pump
5. Jumper Wire
6. Power Supply
1. Arduino Uno :
Arduino Uno is one of the most popular and widely used
microcontroller development board designed especially for students,
hobbyists, educators ,IoT ,and electronic enthusiasts . It is based on
the ATMEGA328P microcontroller and developed by the Arduino
company .
Key point :
1. It is mainly used in electronics projects, automation system, IoT,
and sensor based application .this programming using the
Arduino IDE(Integrated Development Environment ) a simple
and user friendly software.
2. The board has 14 digital input/output pins and 6 pin analogue or
5 power pins .
2. Soil Moisture Sensor with Detection :
A Soil moisture sensor is an electronic device used to measure the
water content (moisture) in soil . it is widely used in projects like
automatic plant watering system , especially with microcontroller
board like Arduino .
1. Probes (metal rods or pins ): Inserted into the soil to detect
moisture through electrical conductivity .
2. Analog and digital Output pins : Analog (A0) give a moisture
value between 0-1023 and the Digital pins (D0) HIGH or LOW
signal depending on moisture level .
3. Relay module :
A Relay Module is an electromagnetic switch that allows
microcontroller like Arduino to control high voltage or high current
devices such as ,( Water Pumps , lights ).
This allows the control pf devices that operate on 12V,24V,or 220V ,
AC using a 5V microcontroller .
INPUT PIN OUTPUT PIN
IN: Receive signal from Arduino NO(normally open): Open by
default , close when relay is
activated .
VCC : +5V power supply NC(Normally closed): Closed by
default ,opens when relay is
activated
GND : ground connection Comon : common connection
between NO/NC.
4. Water pump : This 3V-5V water pump is a small electric
device that uses direct current DC to pump water . It is widely used
in Arduino Projects like automatic watering system or mini
fountains . and use water pipe the water pump start , water will
come out from the end of the pipe . it is self- safe .
5. Jumper Wire : A jumper wire is a small wire used to connect
the electronic components without the need for soldering . this
wire Arduino projects to make temporary connection .
6. Battery : 9V battery to used a DC battery as the main power
supply for the entire system . The Arduino Uno and the DC
3V-5V water pump both are powered using this battery . Direct
power supply to 9V battery connect to Arduino pin (Vin) –
(Negative) and Arduino Pin (GND) – (Positive) connect battery
.Then project run supply all components .
3.CircuitDiagram:-
The Circuit diagram Automatic plant watering system .It is used to
component, Arduino Uno is an 8 – bit microcontroller board ,it is based
on the ATMEGA328P microcontroller . it uses an 8 – bit
RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computer) Architecture . The Soil
moisture connect to Arduino board, And Relay module to connect pin
Arduino boar and Battery or DC water pump . It is the Arduino board
to connect pin Vin and GND to battery 9V , and programme run .
4. Circuit Code :-
int water; //random variable
void setup() {
pinMode(3,OUTPUT); //output pin for relay board, this will sent signal to
the relay
pinMode(6,INPUT); //input pin coming from soil sensor
void loop() {
water = digitalRead(6); // reading the coming signal from the soil sensor
if(water == HIGH) // if water level is full then cut the relay
digitalWrite(3,LOW); // low is to cut the relay
else
digitalWrite(3,HIGH); //high to continue proving signal and water supply
delay(400);
}
5. Advantage :-
Water Conservation :- Water is supplied only when the
soil is dry , preventing unnecessary wastage.
Improved Plant Growth :- Plants receive the right amount
of water at the right time, leading to healthier growth.
Low Manual And Cost Effort :- The system is automatic ,
so there is no need to water the plants manually every
day .
Smart And Modern Technology :- The system uses Arduino
Uno and sensor ,promoting smart and modern farming
practices .
Future Upgrade Possibility :- The system can be enhanced
further with mobile app integration ,temperature sensors.
6.Application :-
Nurseries : For consistent watering of young plants.
Home Gardening : For Automatic watering of balcony or
terrace plants .
Green house : To maintain proper irrigation in controlled
environments .
Smart Technology : Sensor-based , Automatic operation.
Water Savings : Water is used only when needed.
Better Crop Growth : Timely watering improves plant
health and yield .
7.Conclusion :- This project uses components like Arduino
Uno Soil Moisture Sensor, motor, relay module ,and a water
tank. When the soil is dry , the sensor detects it and the
Arduino activates the motor to water the plants automatically.
The system ensure water conversation, reduced manual
effort, and accurate irrigation .It is a simple and effective
solution for farmers and gardening enthusiasts at a low cost .
The future work of the system can include the addition of
Temperature sensor .
