GATUNDU SUBCOUNTY JOINT EXAMS
BIOLOGY PAPER 2 231/2
TIME: 2 HOURS
]
4 25
50
84
om .org
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
72
a) The paper has 2 sections A and B
[0
e.c ol
b)Answer all questions in section A in the spaces provided
his ho
c) In section B answer question 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided
after question 8
nc asc
fra tik
FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY
am ://a
SECTION QUESTION MAXIMUM CANDIDATE’S
ny ttp
SCORE SCORE
A 1 8
ma h
A 2 8
A 3 8
A 4 8
A 5 8
B 6 20
B 7 20
@
B 8 20
TOTAL SCORE 80
les
sa
1
SECTION A(40 MARKS)
1. In human beings, the phenotypes and genotypes with respect to the condition of sickle cell
anaemia are as follows.
]
25
GENOTYPE
4
Unaffected HbSHbS
50
Sickle cell trait HbSHbs
Sickle cell anaemia HbsHbs
84
om .org
a) Using a punnet square, predict the outcome of a cross between a man and a woman with sickle
72
cell trait. (4 marks).
[0
e.c ol
his ho
nc asc
fra tik
am ://a
b) What are the phenotypic and genotypic ratios? (2 mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ny ttp
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ma h
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
c) Name possible sets of chromosomes that can be found in a normal cell. (2 mks)
@
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
les
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
sa
…………
2. The following is a diagram of an organism
2
]
4 25
50
84
om .org
72
[0
e.c ol
his ho
nc asc
a).With a reason identify the Kingdom to which the organism belongs (2 mks)
i. Kingdom
fra tik
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
am ://a
………………………………………………………
ii. Reason
ny ttp
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
ma h
b) Identify the part labelled Z and give its function (2 mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………
@
les
c) How does the organism reproduce?(1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
sa
……………………………………………
d) State two advantages of sexual reproduction.(2 mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
e) Define the term prokaryote (1mk).
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
]
25
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
50
……………………………………………………………………...
84
3. The cells of a certain herbaceous plant were found to have a diameter of 25µm. The cells were
placed in varying concentrations of sugar solution. The average diameter of the cells in each
om .org
solution was determined and the results obtained were as shown in the table below.
72
[0
Concentration of sugar solution e.c ol Diameter of cells (µm)
his ho
1% 50
5% 40
nc asc
10% 30
15% 20
fra tik
am ://a
a.) From these results, determine the concentration of the cell sap. (1 mk)
ny ttp
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
ma h
b).What term is used to describe the sugar solution whose concentration is equal to that of the
cell sap?
(1mk)………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………….
c) Give an explanation for the average diameter of the cells placed in 1 % sugar solution.(2mks)
@
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
les
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
sa
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
4
d) Explain why a plant cell when placed in distilled water will not burst while an animal cell will
burst. (2 mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4
………………………....
50
84
e).Distinguish between diffusion and osmosis (2 mks).
om .org
72
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[0
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
e.c ol
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
his ho
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
nc asc
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
fra tik
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………
am ://a
4.a) Name two digestive enzymes secreted in inactive forms.(2mk)
ny ttp
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ma h
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………
b). State five adaptations of ileum to its functions. (5 mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
@
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
les
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
sa
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
]
4 25
c).Describe the meaning of conjugated proteins. (1 mk)
50
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
84
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
om .org
……………
72
5. The diagram below shows a smear of blood on a microscope slide
[0
e.c ol
his ho
nc asc
fra tik
am ://a
ny ttp
ma h
@
les
sa
a).Identify the structures labelled A, B and C. ( 3mk)
A……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………
6
B……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………
C……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………
]
4 25
b). State the importance of the large numbers of structure A in the blood smear.(1 mk)
50
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
84
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
om .org
……………
72
c).Name the process by which structure D would engulf C and state its importance (2 mks)
[0
e.c ol
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
his ho
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
nc asc
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
fra tik
d). State two adaptations of the structure labelled A to its functions. (2 mk).
am ://a
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ny ttp
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ma h
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………..
@
les
sa
SECTION B (40 MARKS)
Answer question 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question
8.
7
6. The table below shows how the quantities of urine and sweat vary with external temperature
External temperature(oC ) Urine (cm3/hr) Sweat (cm3/hr )
0 100 5
]
25
5 90 6
4
10 80 10
50
15 70 20
84
20 60 30
om .org
72
25 50 60
[0
30
e.c ol
40 120
his ho
35 30 200
nc asc
a). On the grid provided, plot the quantities of urine and sweat produced against external
fra tik
temperature (7marks)
am ://a
b) At what temperature are the amount of sweat and urine produced equal? (1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ny ttp
…………………………………………………………
ma h
c) What happens to the amount of sweat produced as the temperature rises?Explain your
observation
(3mks)………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………)…………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
@
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
les
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
sa
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……
8
d). Explain the observation made on the amount of urine produced (3mks).
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
50
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………
84
e) How is the skin adapted for temperature regulation? (6 mks).
om .org
72
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[0
e.c ol
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
his ho
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
nc asc
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
fra tik
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
am ://a
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ny ttp
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ma h
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
@
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
les
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
sa
7.Using a relevant example in each case. describe simple and conditioned reflex actions (20
marks)
9
8.Describe the various causes and effects of air pollution (20 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
50
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
84
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
om .org
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
72
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[0
e.c ol
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
his ho
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
nc asc
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
fra tik
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
am ://a
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ny ttp
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ma h
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
@
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
les
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
sa
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
50
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
84
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
om .org
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
72
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[0
e.c ol
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
his ho
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
nc asc
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
fra tik
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
am ://a
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ny ttp
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ma h
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
@
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
les
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
sa
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
50
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
84
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
om .org
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
72
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[0
e.c ol
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
his ho
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
nc asc
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
fra tik
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
am ://a
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ny ttp
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ma h
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
@
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
les
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
sa
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
50
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
84
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
om .org
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
72
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[0
e.c ol
………………………………………………………………...................
his ho
nc asc
fra tik
am ://a
ny ttp
ma h
@
les
sa
13
