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Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9 (2): 1107 -1111 (2017) JANS
PLI

ANSF
AP

2008

Effect of weed management on yield and nutrient uptake in mustard

(Brassica juncea)
Sumitra Devi Bamboriya1*, M.K. Kaushik1, Shanti Devi Bamboriya2 and Priyanka
Kumawat1
1
Department of Agronomy, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and
Technology, Udaipur-313001 (Rajasthan), INDIA
2
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi-110 012, INDIA
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Received: September 11, 2016; Revised received: January 31, 2017; Accepted: May 15, 2017

Abstract: Field investigation was carried out during rabi season of 2014-15 at Udaipur to evaluate the effect of
different weed management practices on yield and nutrient uptake of mustard. The maximum seed yield was
registered with two hand weeding (1955.25 kg ha-1) except weed free check and was at par with fluazifop-p-butyl
0.055 kg ha-1 10 DAS + hoeing 40 DAS and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 0.075 kg ha-110 DAS + hoeing 40 DAS. The highest
amount of total N, P and K (112.61, 25.31 and 76.90 kg ha -1, respectively) was removed by mustard in weed free
treatment followed by two hand weeding while the lowest N, P and K with the values of 70.11, 16.05 and 51.86 kg
ha-1, respectively was removed by weedy check followed by isoproturon 0.75 kg ha ha-1. Among the weed
management practices, the total uptake of N, P and K by weeds was found significantly less in all the weed
management practices as compared to weedy check(5.87, 0.86 and 5.51 kg ha -1, respectively). The least nutrient
depletion by weeds was registered with the hand weeding twice (0.52, 0.08 and 0.49 kg ha -1, respectively) followed
by fluazifop-p-butyl 0.055 kg ha-1 10 DAS + hoeing 40 DAS and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 0.075 kg ha-110 DAS + hoeing
40 DAS. Use of post emergence herbicides of ‘fop’ group such as fluazifop-p-butyl, quizalofop-p-ethyl, fenoxaprop-p
-ethyl (which are mostly used in soybean and groundnut crop) in indian mustard found most effective in controlling
grassy weeds in early stage whereas at latterly, one hoeing 40 DAS was found effective in controlling grassy as
well as broad leaved weeds under irrigated conditions.
Keywords: Herbicides, Mustard, Nutrient uptake, Weed management

INTRODUCTION cause alarming decline in crop production ranging

from 15-30 per cent to a total failure yield (Shekhawat
Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss] et al., 2012) depending on weed flora, its intensity,
is an important oilseed crop of India. The amount of stage, nature and duration of the crop weed competi-
edible oil produced from mustard does not meet the tion. Weeds being injurious, harmful or poisonous are
current requirement of the growing population of a constant source of trouble for the successful growth
India. India has 6.7 million hectares mustard area with and development of crops. Weeds compete with crops
8.0 million tonnes production and 1188 kg ha -1 produc- for light, moisture, space and plant nutrients and other
tivity (ES, 2015). It is predominantly cultivated in Ra- environmental requirements and consequently interfere
jasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh. with the normal growth of crops (Upadhyay et al.,
This is a potential crop in winter (Rabi) season due to 2012). Weeds pose severe problem for crop husbandry,
its wider adaptability and suitability to exploit residual reducing the soil fertility and moisture, act as alternate
moisture (Mukherjee 2010). For bridging the gap be- host for insect & pest and develop a potential threat to
tween demand and supply, productivity needs to be the succeeding crops. At present, one hand weeding 25
enhanced. Weed competition in mustard is more seri- to 30 DAS is enough to control of the weeds during
ous in early stage; because crop growth during winter early stage, but in view of scanty availability of labour
season remains slow during the first 4-6 weeks after and ever increasing wages, the manual weed manage-
sowing. However, during later stage it grows vigorous- ment has become costly and cumbersome. Therefore it
ly and has suppressing effect on weeds. As this crop is has become essential to search out effective post-
grown in poor soil with poor management practices, emergence herbicides which can take care of early
weed infestation is one of the major causes of low flush of weeds. Herbicide combinations are more ef-
productivity. The critical period of crop weed competi- fective weapons in tackling weed menace and thereby
tion in rapeseed-mustard is 15-40 days and weeds nutrient depletion by them than a single herbicide
ISSN : 0974-9411 (Print), 2231-5209 (Online) All Rights Reserved © Applied and Natural Science Foundation www.jans.ansfoundation.org
 Sumitra Devi Bamboriya et al. / J. Appl. & Nat. Sci. 9 (2): 1107 -1111 (2017)

approach (Upadhyay et al. 2013). Among agronomic

Straw
1.093
1.083
1.093
1.055
1.050
1.090
1.078
1.077
1.080
1.070
0.020
factors known to augment crop production, fertiliza-

NS
tion stands the most crucial production factor and is

K (%)
considered as one of the most productive input in crop
production. In view of the importance of the problem,

0.750
0.770
0.762
0.754
0.759
0.765
0.776
0.778
0.752
0.758
0.015
Seed

NS
the present study was undertaken to find out the influ-
ence of weed management practices on yield and nutri-
ent uptake in mustard (Brassica juncea).

Straw
0.228
0.225
0.225
0.213
0.220
0.220
0.238
0.238
0.230
0.225
0.004
NS
MATERIALS AND METHODS

P (%)
A field experiment was laid out during Rabi season of

0.608
0.623
0.620
0.603
0.613
0.608
0.628
0.628
0.615
0.623
0.014
2014-15 at the Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College

Seed

NS
of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur (Rajasthan), to eval-
uate effect of weed management on productivity and
nutrient uptake of mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The

Straw
0.835
0.823
0.828
0.813
0.818
0.820
0.843
0.825
0.823
0.825
0.011
NS
soil of experimental site was clay loam in texture

N (%)
(Brady and Well, 2002), having slight alkaline reaction
as pH 7.9 (Richards, 1968) and medium in available

3.190
3.215
3.288
3.100
3.175
3.200
3.278
3.325
3.253
3.283
0.072
Seed
nitrogen (281.40 kg ha-1), phosphorus (24.46 kg ha -1)

NS
and in available potassium (238.05 kg ha-1) estimated
by Jackson, 1967, Olsen et al., 1954 and Jackson, 1967
methods, respectively. The experiment comprises of 10
Biological
5109.75
6549.75
7523.50
6185.75
6199.75
6316.75
7118.50
7136.25
5946.50
7761.00
158.31
459.38
treatments, which consisted of weedy check, one hand
weeding 20 DAS, two hand weeding 20 and 40 DAS,
fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 0.075 kg ha-110 DAS, fluazifop-p-
Yield (kg ha-1)

butyl 0.055 kg ha-1 10 DAS, quizalofop-p-ethyl 0.050

kg ha-130 DAS, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 0.075 kg ha-110
3943.00
4894.75
5568.25
4694.75
4700.50
4798.75
5205.75
5222.25
4557.00
5783.75
161.27
467.95
Straw

DAS + one hoeing 40 DAS, fluazifop-p-butyl 0.055 kg

ha-1 10 DAS + one hoeing 40 DAS, isoproturon 1.25 kg
ha-130 DAS and weed free check. The experiment was
laid out in a randomized block design and replicated
1166.75
1655.00
1955.25
1491.00
1499.25
1518.00
1912.75
1914.00
1389.50
1977.25

183.58
63.26
Seed

four times. Mustard variety Bio-902 was sown on1st

Nov, 2014 at 40 cm x 10 cm row and plant to plant
spacing with a seed rate of 3 kg ha -1. The 1/3 dose of
nitrogen and full dose of phosphorus was applied as
Table 1. Effect of weed control on yield and nutrient content of mustard.

per treatments at sowing time and remaining 2/3

nitrogen was top dressed in two equal splits at first and
Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 0.075 kg ha-1 10 DAS + one hoeing 40 DAS

second irrigation, respectively. Herbicides were

Fluazifop-p-butyl 0.055 kg ha 10 DAS + one hoeing 40 DAS

sprayed by knapsack sprayer fitted with flat fan T-jet

nozzle using a spray volume of 500 l ha -1. The uptake
of major nutrients in weed was worked out by
multiplying per cent nutrient content with dry matter
accumulation at harvest. The dry matter was then
computed in terms of kg ha-1. The dried crop seed and
Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 0.075 kg ha 10 DAS

straw samples were subjected to nitrogen, phosphorus

Quizalofop-p-ethyl 0.050 kg ha 30 DAS
Fluazifop-p-butyl 0.055 kg ha 10 DAS

and potassium content as per standard procedure

Two hand weeding 20 and 40 DAS

(Lindner, 1944; Richards, 1968 and Jackson, 1973,

-1

-1

Isoproturon 1.25 kg ha 30 DAS

respectively). The uptake of N, P and K by mustard

-1

-1

was worked out by multiplying their content in seed/

One hand weeding 20 DAS

straw with yield, respectively, and the total uptake was

-1

computed by summing up the uptakes by seed and

straw.
Weed free check

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Weedy check
Treatments

CD at 5 %

Weed flora in the experimental field: Mustard was

SEm ±

heavily infested with mixed flora of monocot and dicot

weeds chiefly consisted of Phalaris minor, Cyperus
1108
 Table 2. Effect of weed control on nutrient uptake (kg ha-1)by mustard.
N P K
Treatments
Seed Straw Total Seed Straw Total Seed Straw Total
Weedy check 37.21 32.90 70.11 7.09 8.96 16.05 8.75 43.11 51.86
One hand weeding 20 DAS 53.21 40.26 93.47 10.31 11.01 21.32 12.74 52.98 65.72
Two hand weeding 20 and 40 DAS 64.43 46.13 110.56 12.12 12.54 24.66 14.90 60.60 75.50
Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 0.075 kg ha 10 DAS
-1
46.26 38.16 84.42 8.98 9.98 18.96 11.23 49.53 60.76

Sumitra Devi Bamboriya et al. / J. Appl. & Nat. Sci. 9 (2): 1107 -1111 (2017)
Fluazifop-p-butyl 0.055 kg ha-110 DAS 47.62 38.37 85.99 9.18 10.34 19.53 11.37 49.34 60.71
Quizalofop-p-ethyl 0.050 kg ha-130 DAS 48.58 39.36 87.94 9.23 10.56 19.79 11.61 52.30 63.91
Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 0.075 kg ha-1 10 DAS + one hoeing 40 DAS 62.67 43.86 106.53 12.01 12.37 24.38 14.84 56.08 70.93
Fluazifop-p-butyl 0.055 kg ha-110 DAS + one hoeing 40 DAS 63.64 43.13 106.77 12.00 12.40 24.41 14.90 56.23 71.13
Isoproturon 1.25 kg ha-130 DAS 45.30 37.46 82.75 8.49 10.48 18.98 10.44 49.26 59.70
Weed free check 64.90 47.71 112.61 12.30 13.01 25.31 15.01 61.90 76.90
SEm ± 2.64 1.47 2.46 0.39 0.42 0.50 0.55 1.80 1.82
CD at 5 % 7.65 4.27 7.13 1.12 1.22 1.45 1.59 5.22 5.28
1109

Table 3. Effect of weed control on nutrient uptake (kg ha-1) by weeds.

N P K
Treatments
Monocot Dicot Total Monocot Dicot Total Monocot Dicot Total
Weedy check 3.21 2.66 5.87 0.45 0.40 0.86 3.05 2.46 5.51
One hand weeding 20 DAS 1.22 1.39 2.61 0.17 0.20 0.37 1.16 1.26 2.43
Two hand weeding 20 and 40 DAS 0.22 0.30 0.52 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.20 0.28 0.49
Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 0.075 kg ha-1 10 DAS 1.29 2.21 3.50 0.18 0.33 0.51 1.23 2.03 3.26
Fluazifop-p-butyl 0.055 kg ha 10 DAS
-1
1.27 2.14 3.41 0.18 0.32 0.50 1.23 2.04 3.26
Quizalofop-p-ethyl 0.050 kg ha 30 DAS
-1
1.09 1.91 3.00 0.16 0.28 0.44 1.06 1.80 2.86
Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 0.075 kg ha 10 DAS + one hoeing 40 DAS
-1
0.31 0.32 0.63 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.29 0.30 0.59
Fluazifop-p-butyl 0.055 kg ha-110 DAS + one hoeing 40 DAS 0.25 0.31 0.56 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.24 0.30 0.54
Isoproturon 1.25 kg ha-130 DAS 1.58 1.86 3.44 0.23 0.28 0.51 1.54 1.73 3.26
Weed free check 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SEm ± 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.07 0.10
CD at 5 % 0.18 0.23 0.30 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.16 0.22 0.28
 Sumitra Devi Bamboriya et al. / J. Appl. & Nat. Sci. 9 (2): 1107 -1111 (2017)

rotundus and Cynodon dactylon;Chenopodium album, uptake by weeds under two hand weeding was 91.14,
Chenopodium murale, Rumex acetosella, Convolvulus 91.08 and 91.17, respectively. Reduction in nutrient
arvensis, Parthenium hysterophorus, Anagallis arven- uptake might be due to lower density and dry matter
sis and Cichorium intybus, respectively. production of weeds under these weed management
Productivity: Undoubtedly, the highest seed, straw treatments which eventually led to higher uptake of
and biological yield of mustard were recorded under these nutrients by mustard crop. The results of the
the weed free conditions (1977, 5783 and 7761 kg ha-1, highest N, P and K uptake at harvest by weeds are in
respectively). Among the weed management practices, accordance with the findings of Kour et al. (2013) in
two hand weeding 20 and 40 DAS found most effec- chickpea + mustard intercropping system and
tive in achieving significantly higher seed and straw Mukherjee (2014) in mustard. This indirectly by
yield being at par with fluazifop-p-butyl 0.055 kg ha- reducing the nutrient uptake by weeds due to lower
1
10 DAS + hoeing 40 DAS and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl weed density and dry matter shows that these
0.075 kg ha-110 DAS + hoeing 40 DAS. This could be treatments were the best in controlling weeds.
attributed to decreased crop-weed competition at the Twice hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS treatment con-
critical stages for longer growth period which facilitat- trolled all types of weeds very effectively and mini-
ed better growth and development resulting in better mized the weed competition at 60 DAS and at harvest.
expressions of yield-attributing characters, viz. sili- As a result, it recorded more number of siliquae
quae plant-1, seed siliqua-1 and test weight, culminating plant-1, number of seed siliqua-1, test weight and
in higher seed yield. Kour et al. (2014) in chickpea + produced seed yield (1955 kg ha -1), where as the
mustard intercropping system and Singh et al. (2015) integration of the post emergence herbicide with
in mustardalso reported similar beneficial effect of hoeing 40 DAS were also found significantly superior
integrated approach for better weed management and over their counter parts applied alone. Undoubtedly,
higher mustard yieldand also obtained the results for weed free check recorded maximum seed yield of 1977
highest seed and straw yield in indian mustard under kg ha-1 as against 1167 kg ha-1 under weedy check
weed free check . Seed yield of mustard linearly similarly reported by earlier workers.
decreased as the weeds dry matter increased.(r = -
Conclusion
0.987**).
Nutrient uptake by mustard: All the weed manage- On the basis of results and evaluation of treatments, it
ment practices had significant effect on N, P and K is concluded that after weed free check,two hand
removal by mustard over weedy check (Table 2). After weeding 20 and 40 DAS recorded the highest seed
weed free check significantly higher uptake of N, P yield of mustard 1955.25 kg ha -1and all the weed
and K was recorded under two hand weeding 20 and control measures tended to significantly (at 5 % level
40 DAS by mustard followed by fluazifop-p-butyl of significance) improve the uptake of nitrogen,
0.055 kg ha-110 DAS + hoeing 40 DAS and fenoxa- phosphorus and potassium by seed and straw compared
prop-p-ethyl 0.075 kg ha-110 DAS + hoeing 40 DAS to weedy check. The total uptake of N, P and K by the
compared to rest of the treatments, although the N, P mustard crop decreased with increase in weed dry
and K removal under these treatments were statistical- matter accumulation with the corresponding ‘r’ values
ly at par. The higher uptake of nutrients was due to the as -0.990, -0.989 and -0.981 respectively.
suppression of weed growth that might have been the
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
driving force behind higher dry matter and nutrient
uptake in mustard under these treatments. Such higher I would like to thank the Agronomy Research farm and
uptake might be attributed to higher seed yield produc- Department of Agronomy, MPUAT, Udaipur,
tion under better weed management treatments. The Rajasthan for providing all possible research facilities
results of higher uptake of nutrients at harvest by crop while executing the field experiment and laboratory
confirm the findings of Chander et al. (2013) in soy- analysis.
bean-wheat cropping system and Mukherjee (2014) in
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