Solids,
Perimeter, Area,
Surface Area and
Volume
GRACE D. PERMALINO
SLSU CTE
Three-Dimensional Shapes
• Shapes that can be measured in 3 directions are
called three-dimensional shapes.
• These shapes are also called solids.
• Length, width, and height (or depth or thickness)
are the three measurements of three-
dimensional shapes.
• These are the part of three-dimensional
geometry. They are different from 2D shapes
because they have thickness.
2
Several examples can be found in everyday life.
Some of them are:
3
Faces, Edges, and Vertices
Faces - the flat surfaces of
the 3D shapes
Edge - the line segment
where two faces meet
Vertex - a point where
three edges meet
4
Cube
A cube is a solid or three-
dimensional shape which has
6 square faces.
Properties:
All edges are equal
8 vertices
12 edges
6 faces
5
Cuboid
A cuboid is also called a
rectangular prism, where the
faces of the cuboid are a
rectangle in shape. All the
angles measure 90 degrees.
Properties:
8 vertices
12 edges
6 faces
6
Prism
A prism is a 3D shape which consists of
two equal ends, flat surfaces or faces,
and also has identical cross-section
across its length. Since the cross-
section looks like a triangle, the prism is
generally called a triangular prism. The
prism does not have any curve.
Properties:
6 vertices
9 edges
5 faces – 2 triangles and 3 rectangles
7
Pyramid
A pyramid a solid shape, whose outer faces
are triangular and meet to a single point on
the top. The pyramid base can be of any
shape such as triangular, square,
quadrilateral or in the shape of any polygon.
The most commonly used type of a pyramid
is the square pyramid.
Properties: (square pyramid)
5 vertices
8 edges
5 faces
8
Cylinder
A cylinder is defined as a three-
dimensional geometrical figure
which has two circular bases
connected by a curved surface.
Properties:
•No vertex
•2 edges
•2 flat faces – circles
•1 curved face
9
Cone
A cone is a three-dimensional object
or solid, which has a circular base
and has a single vertex. The cone is a
geometrical figure that decreases
smoothly from the circular flat base
to the top point called the apex.
Properties:
•1 vertex
•1 edge
•1 flat face – circle
•1 curved face
10
Sphere
A sphere is a three-dimensional solid
figure which is perfectly round in shapes
and every point on its surface is
equidistant from the point is called the
center. The fixed distance from the
center of the sphere is called a radius of
the sphere.
Properties:
•No vertex
•No edges
•1 curved face
11
Perimeter
The distance around a two-
dimensional shape.
Circumference
The distance once around
the circle.
Units
12
Perimeter = 4a
Example
a = 5cm
Perimeter = 4(5cm)=20cm
13
𝒍
Perimeter = 2(𝑙 + 𝑤)
Example
𝑤 = 10𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 20𝑐𝑚
Perimeter = 2(20cm + 10cm)
Perimeter = 60cm
14
15
Circumference = 2𝜋𝑟
Example
𝑟 = 5𝑐𝑚
Circumference = 2(3.14)(5cm)
Circumference = 31.4cm
16
17
GRACE D. PERMALINO
SLSU - CTE
Three Dimensional
Figures and their
Properties
GRACE D. PERMALINO
SLSU CTE
Warm Up
Classify each polygon.
1. a polygon with three congruent sides
2. a polygon with six congruent sides and six
congruent angles
3. a polygon with four sides and with opposite
sides parallel and congruent
Objectives
Classify three-dimensional figures
according to their properties.
Use nets and cross sections to analyze
three-dimensional figures.
Three-dimensional figures, or solids, can be made up of flat or
curved surfaces. Each flat surface is called a face. An edge is
the segment that is the intersection of two faces. A vertex is
the point that is the intersection of three or more faces.
A cube is a prism with six square faces. Other prisms and
pyramids are named for the shape of their bases.
Example 1A: Classifying Three-Dimensional Figures
Classify the figure. Name the vertices, edges, and
bases.
cube
vertices: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H
edges:
bases: ABCD, EFGH, ABFE,
DCGH, ADHE, BCGF
Example 1B: Classifying Three-Dimensional Figures
Classify the figure. Name the vertices, edges, and bases.
pentagonal pyramid
vertices: A, B, C, D, E, F
edges:
base: ABCDE
Check It Out! Example 1a
Classify the figure. Name the vertices, edges, and bases.
cone
vertex: N
edges: none
base: •M
A net is a diagram of the surfaces
of a three-dimensional figure that
can be folded to form the three-
dimensional figure. To identify a
three-dimensional figure from a
net, look at the number of faces
and the shape of each face.
Example 2A: Identifying a Three-Dimensional Figure From a Net
Describe the three-dimensional figure that can be made
from the given net.
The net has six congruent
square faces. So the net
forms a cube.
Example 2B: Identifying a Three-Dimensional Figure From a Net
Describe the three-dimensional figure that can be made
from the given net.
The net has one circular face
and one semicircular face.
These are the base and
sloping face of a cone. So the
net forms a cone.
Check It Out! Example 2b
Describe the three-dimensional figure that can be made
from the given net.
The net has two circular faces
and one rectangular face.
These are the bases and curved
surface of a cylinder. So the net
forms a cylinder.
A cross section is the intersection of
a three-dimensional figure and a
plane.
Example 3A: Describing Cross Sections of Three-Dimensional
Figures
Describe the cross section.
The cross section is a point.
Example 3B: Describing Cross Sections of Three-Dimensional
Figures
Describe the cross section.
The cross section is a pentagon.
Check It Out! Example 3a
Describe the cross section.
The cross section is a hexagon.
Check It Out! Example 3a
Describe the cross section.
The cross section is a hexagon.
Representations of
Three Dimensional
Figures
There are many ways to represent a three –
dimensional object. An orthographic drawing shows six
different views of an object: top, bottom, front, back, left
side, and right side.
Left
Front
References
https://www.skillsyouneed.com/num/area-volume-reference.html
https://byjus.com/maths/three-dimensional-shapes/
https://www.emsisd.com/cms/lib/tx21000533/centricity/domain/1090/3d_fig
ures.pdf
https://www.mcas.k12.in.us/cms/lib/IN01001792/Centricity/Domain/2548/10-
1-%20solid%20geometry.ppt
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5289603/
