ADVANCE JAVA IMP QUESTION FOR EXAM

Question – 1 Web Application क्या है यह कैसे कायय करता है लाभ और

हानि सहहत उदाहरण से स्पष्ट कीजिए।
Answer- Web Application kya hai?
Definition (पररभाषा):

Web Application ek aisi software program hoti hai jo Internet ke through browser mein
chalti hai. Iska matlab tum ise Chrome, Firefox jaise browser mein open karke use kar sakte
ho bina kuch install kiye.

Web Application kaise kaam karti hai?

1. User Request bhejta hai – Jab hum browser mein kisi web app ka URL dalte hain
(jaise: www.irctc.co.in), to ek request server ko bheji jati hai.
2. Server Process karta hai – Server us request ko process karta hai, database se data
uthata hai (agar zarurat ho).
3. Response deta hai – Server processed data ko HTML page ke roop mein wapas
browser ko bhejta hai.
4. User ko output dikhai deta hai – Browser user ko final result dikhata hai.

Web Application ke Examples:

Example Use

IRCTC Train ticket booking

Flipkart Online shopping

Gmail Email bhejna

Facebook Social media chatting

Web Application ke Fayde (लाभ):

1. Install karne ki jarurat nahi – Sirf browser chahiye.

 2. Kahin se bhi access kar sakte ho – Bas internet hona chahiye.

3. Auto update hoti hai – User ko kuch update nahi karna padta.

4. Cost effective – Maintenance kam hota hai.

Web Application ke Nuksan (हानि):

1. Internet hona zaruri hai – Bina internet ke nahi chalegi.

2. Speed slow ho sakti hai – Agar internet ya server slow ho.

3. Security ka risk hota hai – Agar sahi se secure na kiya gaya ho.

4. Limited access on offline – Offline mode mein kaam nahi karti.

Short Summary (Ek Line mein):

Web Application ek aisa program hai jo browser mein chalta hai, user ki request par server
se data lekar response deta hai – jaise IRCTC, Flipkart, Gmail, etc.

Question – 2 What do you understand by Dynamic Web Host?

Answer - Dynamic Web Host Kya Hota Hai?

Definition (पररभाषा):

Dynamic Web Host ek aisa hosting environment hota hai jahan dynamic websites ko host
kiya jata hai — yaani ki aisi websites jinme content real-time mein update hota hai, aur
user ke action ke hisaab se badalta hai.
Yeh static websites se alag hoti hain jisme content fix hota hai. Dynamic web hosting server-
side scripting (jaise PHP, JSP, ASP.NET, Servlet, etc.) ko support karti hai.

Kaise Kaam Karta Hai?

1. Jab user dynamic website open karta hai, toh web server request ko backend
scripting language (jaise PHP ya Java Servlet) ke paas bhejta hai.
2. Server database (jaise MySQL, Oracle) se data fetch karta hai.
3. Uske baad HTML content real-time mein generate hota hai.
4. Aur fir user ko browser mein result dikhai deta hai.
 Examples of Dynamic Web Hosting:
• JSP-based websites (Java Server Pages)
• Servlet applications (like online forms, ticket booking)
• WordPress (PHP based)
• E-commerce websites (like Amazon, Flipkart)
• Social Media sites (like Facebook)

Labh (Advantages):
• Content user ke action ke according update hota hai.
• Real-time data show karta hai (e.g., orders, messages, etc.)
• Database ke sath easily connect hota hai.
• Admin panel se content easily update kiya ja sakta hai.

Nuksan (Disadvantages):
• Static hosting se thoda costly hota hai.
• Zyada complex hota hai develop karne mein.
• Server pe zyada load padta hai.
• Hosting aur development dono mein technical knowledge chahiye.

Saar (Conclusion):
Dynamic Web Hosting un websites ke liye jaruri hai jahan par content baar-baar change
hota hai, aur users se interaction hota hai. Isme backend programming aur database
integration ka use hota hai.

Agar chaahe toh isme diagram bhi bana sakta hai:

pgsql
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User → Browser → Web Server → Backend Code → Database → Response → User
Question – 3 What is IP Address? Explain the different classes of IP
Address and Ports को पररभाषषत कीजिए?
Answer - Definition (पररभाषा):

IP Address (Internet Protocol Address) ek unique number hota hai jo kisi bhi device ko
internet ya local network par identify karne ke liye use hota hai.
Har device (jaise mobile, computer, server) jab internet se connect hoti hai, toh usse ek IP
address diya jata hai, jisse wo dusri devices ke saath data exchange kar sake.

Example:
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192.168.1.1
172.16.0.1

2. Classes of IP Address (IP Address के षिभभन्ि प्रकार / Classes)

IP address ko 5 classes mein divide kiya gaya hai: Class A, B, C, D, E

Class Starting Range Ending Range Use

A 1.0.0.0 126.255.255.255 Large networks (e.g., big organizations)

B 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255 Medium networks (e.g., universities)

C 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255 Small networks (e.g., small businesses)

D 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255 Multicasting (data to multiple devices)

E 240.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 Research or reserved (not for public use)

Note:
• Class A, B, C – Ye sab normal communication ke liye use hote hain.
• Class D – Multicast ke liye hota hai.
• Class E – Reserved hota hai, normal use ke liye nahi.

3. Ports को पररभाषषत कीजिए (Definition of Ports)

 Definition (पररभाषा):

Port ek virtual point hota hai jahan se ek computer ya device dusre network device ke saath
communicate karta hai.
Ek IP address ke andar multiple ports ho sakte hain, jisse ek hi IP pe alag-alag services chal
sakti hain.

Example:
• Port 80 → HTTP (Website)
• Port 443 → HTTPS (Secure Website)
• Port 21 → FTP
• Port 25 → SMTP (Email sending)

Port Range:
• 0 to 1023 → Well-known ports (System services)
• 1024 to 49151 → Registered ports (User services)
• 49152 to 65535 → Dynamic/private ports (Temporary)

Saar (Conclusion):
• IP Address computer ka internet ID hota hai.
• IP ko 5 classes mein divide kiya gaya hai, har ek ka apna use hota hai.
• Ports help karte hain ek IP ke through multiple services chalane mein.

Question – 4 Tomcat को संक्षेप में समझाइए?

Answer -Definition (पररभाषा):
Apache Tomcat ek open-source web server aur Servlet container hai, jiska use Java web
applications ko run karne ke लिए किया जाता है .

Ye specially JSP (Java Server Pages) aur Servlets ko support karta hai. Iska development
Apache Software Foundation ne kiya tha.

Tomcat क्या-क्या करता है ? (What does Tomcat do?)

• Java-based web applications ko chalata hai.

• HTTP requests ko process karta hai.
• JSP aur Servlet files ko HTML pages mein convert karta hai.
• Web browser aur Java server ke beech connection banata hai.

Tomcat के मुख्य Components (Main Components):

1. Catalina – Servlet container ka core, jo Servlet ko run karta hai.

2. Coyote – HTTP connector jo client requests accept karta hai.
3. Jasper – JSP Engine, JSP ko Servlet mein convert karta hai.
4. Host Manager & Admin – Configuration ke liye GUI tools.

Tomcat का Use क्यों करते हैं?

• Java web apps ko deploy karne ke लिए.

• Servlet aur JSP files ko test aur run िरने िे लिए.

• Localhost pe web server create िरने िे लिए.

Tomcat के फायदे (Advantages):

• Free & Open-source hai.

• Java Servlet aur JSP ke liye optimized hai.
• Lightweight aur easy to install hai.
• Cross-platform support (Windows, Linux, Mac).

Tomcat की कुछ सीमाएँ (Limitations):

• Large scale enterprise-level features nahi deta.

• Performance high-load servers ke मुिाबिे thoda kam hota hai.

• Sirf Java apps ke liye useful hai (non-Java ke लिए nahi).

 Example Use Case:
Jab tum ek Java web project banate ho jisme login form hai, JSP pages hain – toh us project
ko Tomcat ke through run karke web browser pe open kar sakte ho.

Saar (Summary):
Tomcat ek Java-based web server hai jo Servlet aur JSP ko run karta hai. Ye Java web apps
develop aur test karne ke लिए lightweight aur simple solution hai.

Question – 5 JDBC क्या है ? JDBC Driver को पररभाषषत कीजिए और लाभ

और हानि को संक्षप
े में समझाइए?
Answer – JDBC क्या है ? (What is JDBC?)

JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) ek Java API hai, jo Java applications ko relational
databases (jaise MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, etc.) ke saath interact karne ka tareeka provide
karta hai. JDBC ka use database connection, data retrieval, data manipulation, aur
transaction management ke liye hota hai.
JDBC ka main purpose hai Java program ko database se connect karna, queries chalana, aur
results ko handle karna.

JDBC के मुख्य Components:

1. DriverManager: Yeh class hai jo JDBC driver ko load karti hai aur appropriate driver
ko select karti hai.
2. Connection: Isse Java program aur database ke beech connection establish hota hai.
3. Statement: SQL queries ko database me execute karne ke liye use hota hai.
4. ResultSet: Database se data ko retrieve karne ke baad result ko store karta hai.
5. SQLException: Errors ko handle karne ke liye exception class hoti hai.

JDBC Driver क्या है ? (What is JDBC Driver?)

JDBC driver ek software component hota hai jo Java application ko database ke saath
connect karne mein madad karta hai. JDBC driver database ke specific implementation ke
hisaab se different hote hain. Yeh driver Java program aur database ke beech
communication enable karta hai.
JDBC Driver के Types (Types of JDBC Drivers):

1. Type 1 Driver (JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver)

o Yeh driver ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) driver ko use karta hai.
o Limitation: Slow hota hai aur Windows-specific hota hai.
2. Type 2 Driver (Native-API Driver)
o Isme Java program native code (C, C++) ko call karta hai.
o Advantage: Faster than Type 1, lekin still platform dependent.
3. Type 3 Driver (Network Protocol Driver)
o Isme Java client ke liye ek middleware server hota hai jo database se connect
hota hai.
o Advantage: Platform-independent.
4. Type 4 Driver (Thin Driver)
o Yeh driver directly database ke native protocol ko use karta hai, bina kisi native
code ke.
o Advantage: Fast aur platform-independent. Yeh sabse zyada use hota hai.

JDBC Driver के लाभ (Advantages of JDBC):

1. Database Independence: JDBC ke through ek hi code database ke saath work kar

sakta hai, bas driver change karna padta hai.
2. Efficient Performance: JDBC direct database interaction provide karta hai, jo
performance ko improve karta hai.
3. Scalability: Large scale applications mein easily scale kiya ja sakta hai.
4. Flexibility: SQL queries ko dynamically execute kiya ja sakta hai, jo applications ko
flexible banaata hai.

JDBC Driver के हानि (Disadvantages of JDBC):

1. Complex Error Handling: SQL exceptions ko handle karna complicated ho sakta hai,
specially large systems mein.
 2. Performance Issues: Agar driver properly optimized na ho, toh performance issues
ho sakte hain.
3. Database-specific Code: Kuch drivers database-specific hote hain, jo portability ko
limit karte hain.
4. Memory Overhead: JDBC driver ka proper installation aur configuration memory
consume karta hai, jo large applications mein problem ban sakta hai.

Saar (Summary):
JDBC Java applications ko relational databases ke saath interact karne ki ability deta hai.
JDBC Driver ek essential component hai jo database se connection establish karta hai aur
queries ko execute karta hai. JDBC ka use data retrieval, insertion, update, aur deletion ke
liye hota hai. JDBC ka main advantage hai database ke saath direct communication, lekin
thode performance aur compatibility issues bhi ho sakte hain.

Question – 6 JDBC Architecture क्या है ? JDBC CRUD ,JDBC statements

क्या है समझाइए?
Answer - JDBC Architecture क्या है? (What is JDBC Architecture?)

JDBC Architecture ek layered architecture hai jo Java applications ko relational databases

se connect karne ke liye kaam karta hai. JDBC Architecture mein kuch important
components hote hain jo Java program aur database ke beech interaction ko handle karte
hain.
JDBC Architecture mein 4 layers hote hain:

1. JDBC API Layer

• Yeh layer Java program ko JDBC ke features aur functionality provide karti hai.
• Is layer mein aapko Connection, Statement, ResultSet, aur SQLException jaise classes
milti hain jo database ke saath communication ke liye use hoti hain.
2. JDBC Driver Manager Layer
• Yeh layer Java program ko database driver select karne mein madad karti hai.
• DriverManager JDBC drivers ko load karta hai aur connection establish karta hai.
3. JDBC Drivers Layer
• Yeh actual database drivers hote hain jo SQL queries ko execute karte hain.
 • JDBC drivers ka kaam hai database-specific protocol ke through Java application aur
database ke beech data transfer karna.
• JDBC drivers ko Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, aur Type 4 mein classify kiya jata hai.
4. Database Layer
• Yeh layer actual database ko represent karti hai jahan par data stored hota hai.
• Yeh layer query results ko return karti hai aur Java application ke requests ko execute
karti hai.

JDBC CRUD Operations क्या है ? (What is JDBC CRUD?)

CRUD ek acronym hai jo Create, Read, Update, aur Delete operations ko represent karta
hai. Yeh operations kisi bhi relational database me data ko manage karne ke liye use hote
hain. JDBC mein in operations ko perform karne ke liye Statement aur PreparedStatement
ka use kiya jata hai.

1. Create
• Purpose: New record ko database mein insert karne ke liye.
• SQL Command: INSERT INTO
• Example:
java
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String query = "INSERT INTO Users (username, email) VALUES ('john',
'[email protected]')";
Statement stmt = connection.createStatement();
stmt.executeUpdate(query);
2. Read
• Purpose: Database se data read karne ke liye.
• SQL Command: SELECT
• Example:
java
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String query = "SELECT * FROM Users";
Statement stmt = connection.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query);
while (rs.next()) {
System.out.println("Username: " + rs.getString("username"));
}
3. Update
• Purpose: Existing record ko update karne ke liye.
• SQL Command: UPDATE
• Example:
java
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String query = "UPDATE Users SET email = '[email protected]' WHERE username =
'john'";
Statement stmt = connection.createStatement();
stmt.executeUpdate(query);
4. Delete
• Purpose: Database se record ko delete karne ke liye.
• SQL Command: DELETE
• Example:
java
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String query = "DELETE FROM Users WHERE username = 'john'";
Statement stmt = connection.createStatement();
stmt.executeUpdate(query);

JDBC Statements क्या हैं? (What are JDBC Statements?)

JDBC mein 3 tarah ke statements hote hain jo SQL queries ko execute karte hain:
1. Statement
 o Purpose: Yeh simple SQL queries execute karne ke liye use hota hai.
o Use Case: Jab SQL query static hoti hai (jo compile time pe fix hoti hai).
o Example:
java
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Statement stmt = connection.createStatement();
String query = "SELECT * FROM Users";
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query);
2. PreparedStatement
o Purpose: Yeh precompiled SQL queries execute karne ke liye use hota hai.
o Use Case: Jab SQL query dynamic ho aur usme parameters (variables) use ho
rahe ho.
o Advantage: SQL injection attacks se bachata hai aur performance ko improve
karta hai.
o Example:
java
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String query = "INSERT INTO Users (username, email) VALUES (?, ?)";
PreparedStatement pstmt = connection.prepareStatement(query);
pstmt.setString(1, "john");
pstmt.setString(2, "[email protected]");
pstmt.executeUpdate();
3. CallableStatement
o Purpose: Yeh stored procedures ko execute karne ke liye use hota hai.
o Use Case: Jab aapko database ke stored procedures ko call karna ho.
o Example:
java
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String query = "{call insertUser(?, ?)}";
CallableStatement cstmt = connection.prepareCall(query);
cstmt.setString(1, "john");
cstmt.setString(2, "[email protected]");
cstmt.execute();

Saar (Summary):
• JDBC Architecture ek multi-layer architecture hai jo Java application ko database ke
saath interact karne ki suvidha deta hai.
• CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) ko JDBC ke through perform kiya
jata hai jo relational databases ke saath interaction ko simplify karta hai.
• JDBC Statements (Statement, PreparedStatement, aur CallableStatement) alag-alag
scenarios mein SQL queries ko execute karne ke liye use hote hain.
PreparedStatement aur CallableStatement zyada secure aur efficient hote hain.

Question – 7 Java में Servlet क्या है इसका षिस्तारपूिक

य िणयि कीजिए?
Answer - Java में Servlet क्या है?
Servlet एि Java programming language िा component होता है , जजसिा मुख्य उद्दे श्य web
server िे अंदर request िो process िरना और client (browser) िो response भेजना होता है । यह
Java में लिखा गया एि server-side technology है जो web applications िे लिए dynamic
content generate िरने िा िाम िरता है । Servlet िा उपयोग primarily HTTP requests िो
process िरने और HTTP responses िो generate िरने िे लिए किया जाता है ।

Servlets web applications िे backend िा हहस्सा होते हैं और ये Java EE (Enterprise Edition) िे
part होते हैं। जब भी हम dynamic content (जैसे database से data fetch िरना, form data
process िरना, etc.) web page पर हदखाना चाहते हैं, तो हम servlet िा उपयोग िरते हैं।

Servlet की षिशेषताएँ (Features):

• Server-side technology: Servlet server par execute hota hai, iska matlab hai ki yeh
client ke machine pe nahi, balki web server pe run karta hai.
• Platform independent: Java ke inherent feature ki wajah se servlet platform
independent hota hai, yani yeh kisi bhi operating system par run kar sakta hai jahan
Java Virtual Machine (JVM) install ho.
 • Fast performance: Servlet ka performance fast hota hai kyunki yeh server ke andar
directly execute hota hai, bina kisi external resource ke.
• Persistence: Servlet ka object create karte waqt ek persistent connection hota hai, jo
web server ke saath connected rehta hai, aur client se multiple requests handle kar
sakta hai.
• Extensibility: Servlet ko extend kiya ja sakta hai aur custom functionality add ki ja
sakti hai, jaise request handling, sessions, etc.

Servlet के कायय (Functions):

Servlet ka primary function yeh hai ki yeh client se aayi request ko handle karta hai aur
response ko process kar ke client tak bhejta hai. Iska structure kuch is tarah hota hai:
1. Request handling: Client se jo bhi request aati hai, us request ko servlet process karta
hai.
2. Business Logic: Servlet apne business logic ko execute karta hai, jaise database se
data fetch karna, data validate karna, etc.
3. Response generation: Process hone ke baad servlet output ko HTTP response ke roop
mein client tak bhejta hai, jise browser display karta hai.

Servlet की Life Cycle:

Servlet ka life cycle kuch stages mein divide hota hai. Ye stages hain:
1. Loading and Instantiation: Jab bhi client servlet ko request karta hai, to servlet
container servlet class ko load karta hai aur uska object instantiate karta hai.
2. Initialization (init() method): Servlet ke object ke create hone ke baad init() method
call hota hai. Yeh method ek baar servlet ke initialization ke dauran execute hota hai.
Yahan pe servlet apne initial configurations perform karta hai.
3. Request Handling (service() method): Jab client request bhejta hai, to servlet
container service() method ko call karta hai. Yeh method client ki request ko process
karta hai aur response generate karta hai.
4. Destruction (destroy() method): Jab servlet ko destroy kiya jata hai, ya server
shutdown hota hai, to destroy() method call hota hai. Ismein servlet apna clean-up
work karta hai jaise resource deallocation, closing connections, etc.
Servlet Life Cycle Diagram:
rust
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Client Request ---> Servlet Container ---> service() Method ---> Response to Client
|
init() (One-time initialization)
|
destroy() (Servlet destroy after use)

Servlet Example:
Servlet ka ek basic example dekhte hain, jo HTTP request ko process karega aur response
dega:
java
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import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {

// Initialization method
public void init() throws ServletException {
// Initialization code
}

// Service method (request handling)

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// Setting content type
response.setContentType("text/html");
 // Writing response to client
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<h1>Hello, this is a simple Servlet example!</h1>");
}

// Cleanup method
public void destroy() {
// Cleanup code
}
}
Explanation:
• init() method: Servlet ke initialization ke time pe yeh method ek baar call hota hai.
• doGet() method: Jab client GET request bhejta hai, to yeh method call hota hai.
Ismein response generate hota hai, jo client ko bheja jata hai.
• destroy() method: Jab servlet ko terminate karna hota hai, to yeh method call hota
hai.
Servlet Configuration (web.xml):
Web application ke configuration ke liye web.xml file ka use hota hai jisme servlet ka
mapping define kiya jata hai.
xml
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<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
 <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
Is configuration ke through servlet container ko bataya jata hai ki HelloServlet class ko /hello
URL pattern pe map karna hai.

Servlet के लाभ (Advantages):

1. Performance: Servlet fast performance provide karta hai kyunki yeh server-side pe
execute hota hai.
2. Platform independence: Java ke nature ki wajah se servlet kisi bhi platform par run
ho sakta hai.
3. Multithreading support: Servlet ko multithreaded environment mein chalaya ja sakta
hai, jo better performance provide karta hai.

Servlet के िक
ु साि (Disadvantages):

1. Statefulness: Servlet inherently stateless hota hai, isliye agar state management ki
zarurat ho to session management ka use karna padta hai.
2. Complexity: Servlet-based applications ko develop karne mein complex logic aur
code structure ho sakta hai, khaas kar agar application bada ho.

Conclusion:
Servlet Java ka ek powerful tool hai jo web applications ke liye dynamic content generate
karne mein madad karta hai. Yeh client-server communication ko efficiently handle karta hai
aur web application development mein important role play karta hai.

Question – 8 JSP क्या है ? JSP Architecture की व्याख्या कीजिए tatha JSP

life cycle ?
Answer - JSP क्या है?
JSP (Java Server Pages) एि server-side technology है जजसिा इस्तेमाि dynamic web pages
बनाने िे लिए किया जाता है। यह Java programming language िा हहस्सा है और web
applications में HTML िे साथ Java code embed िरने िी सवु िधा प्रदान िरता है । JSP में Java
code ko HTML pages ke andar embed kiya jata hai aur yeh server pe run hota hai. Iska use
mainly dynamic content generate karne ke liye hota hai, jise user ke requests ke response
mein display kiya jata hai.

JSP िा main advantage yeh hai ki, ismein HTML code aur Java code ko alag-alag manage
kiya ja sakta hai, jo application ko modular banata hai. Iska main focus web developers ko
HTML aur Java code ko efficiently combine karne mein madad karna hai.
JSP ko generally servlets ke alternate ke roop mein use kiya jata hai. JSPs ko compile karke
servlets mein convert kiya jata hai aur fir servlet container mein execute hota hai.

JSP Architecture:
JSP ka architecture simple hai aur usmein kuch important components shamil hote hain.
Yeh components JSP page ko request aur response ke cycle mein process karte hain.
Components of JSP Architecture:
1. JSP Page: Yeh wo page hai jo user ko interact karne ke liye diya jata hai. JSP page
HTML aur Java code ka combination hota hai. Yeh .jsp file extension ke saath save
hota hai.
2. JSP Container (Web Container): Yeh container JSP pages ko process karta hai. Iska
kaam hota hai JSP pages ko servlets mein convert karna aur unhe client ke request ke
response mein execute karna. Yeh container servlet engine (jaise Apache Tomcat) ke
part hota hai.
3. Servlet Engine: JSP container internally servlet engine ko use karta hai. Jab bhi JSP
page pe request aati hai, servlet engine JSP ko servlet mein convert karta hai aur fir
usse execute karta hai.
4. JavaBeans: JSP pages mein Java beans ka use hota hai jisme data store hota hai.
JavaBeans reusable components hote hain jo data ko transfer karte hain aur business
logic ko manage karte hain.
5. Tag Libraries: JSP mein tag libraries ka use hota hai jo specific tasks ko perform karne
ke liye pre-defined tags provide karti hai. JSTL (JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library)
ek common tag library hai jo JSP mein use hoti hai.
6. Client: Client browser hai jo JSP page ko request karta hai. Yeh web page ko browser
mein display karta hai.
JSP Architecture Diagram:
pgsql
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Client Request ---> JSP Page (contains HTML and Java code) ---> JSP Container
| |
| Servlet Engine (convert JSP to Servlet)
| |
V V
Response from Servlet to Client (HTML content)

JSP Life Cycle:

JSP ka life cycle kuch stages mein divide hota hai, jo servlet life cycle ke similar hai. Jab bhi
client request karta hai, JSP page ke lifecycle stages follow kiye jate hain:
1. Translation (JSP to Servlet Conversion): Jab JSP page pe pehli baar request aati hai,
to JSP container us JSP file ko servlet code mein translate karta hai. Yeh ek automated
process hota hai aur JSP ko compile karke servlet class banayi jati hai.
2. Compilation: JSP page ko servlet mein convert karne ke baad, wo servlet ko compile
kiya jata hai aur bytecode generate hota hai.
3. Instantiation: JSP container servlet class ko load karta hai aur uska object instantiate
karta hai.
4. Initialization (init() method): Servlet ka init() method call hota hai. Yeh ek baar
servlet ke instance ko initialize karne ke liye call hota hai.
5. Request Processing (service() method): Jab client request karta hai, to servlet ka
service() method call hota hai. Is method mein JSP page ka business logic execute
hota hai aur output generate kiya jata hai.
6. Destruction (destroy() method): Jab server ko JSP page ko terminate karna hota hai,
ya JSP page ko remove karna hota hai, to destroy() method call hota hai. Yeh resource
cleanup karta hai.

JSP Life Cycle Diagram:

pgsql
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Client Request ---> JSP Page
|
 Translate to Servlet (JSP to Servlet)
|
Compile Servlet into bytecode
|
Instantiate Servlet
|
Initialize (init() method)
|
Process Request (service() method)
|
Destroy (destroy() method)
|
Response to Client

JSP Example:
jsp
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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to JSP Example</h1>
<p>The current time is: <%= new java.util.Date() %></p>
</body>
</html>
Explanation:
 • <%@ page %> Directive: Yeh page ko configure karta hai, jaise language (java) aur
content type.
• <%= %> Scriptlet: Ismein Java code embed hota hai jo dynamic content generate
karta hai. Is example mein current date ko display kiya gaya hai.

JSP में Tag Types:

1. Directive Tags: Yeh JSP page ki configuration ke liye use hote hain. Example: <%@
page %>, <%@ include %>, <%@ taglib %>.
2. Action Tags: Yeh request ko manipulate karte hain aur output ko generate karte hain.
Example: <jsp:include>, <jsp:forward>.
3. Scripting Tags: Yeh Java code ko embed karte hain. Example: <%= %>, <% %>, <%! %>.

JSP के लाभ (Advantages):

1. Easy to use: JSP ka use karna bahut simple hai, kyunki HTML aur Java code ko
combine kiya ja sakta hai.
2. Reusability: JavaBeans aur tag libraries ka use karke code ko reuse kiya ja sakta hai.
3. Server-side processing: JSP server-side pe process hota hai, jo client ko dynamic
content provide karta hai.

JSP के िक
ु साि (Disadvantages):

1. Complexity in large applications: Agar JSP pages complex ho jaate hain, to unko
manage karna thoda mushkil ho sakta hai.
2. Performance: Bahut zyada scripting tags aur complex business logic JSP pages mein
likhna performance ko affect kar sakta hai.

Conclusion:
JSP Java ka ek powerful tool hai jo dynamic web pages generate karne mein madad karta
hai. Iska architecture simple hai aur yeh easy-to-use hai, lekin large-scale applications mein
isse handle karna thoda complex ho sakta hai. JSP ka life cycle clearly define hai, jo request
handling, initialization, response generation aur cleanup ke stages ko cover karta hai.
Question – 9 JSP में Page Context क्या है and JSP-Directive kya dono ka
िणयि कीजिए ?
Answer - JSP में Page Context क्या है?

Page Context एि implicit object है जो JSP pages ke andar available hota hai. Yeh object
page ke scope mein hota hai aur isse page ki configuration aur metadata ke baare mein
information milti hai. Page context ka use page ke environment ko configure karne ke liye
hota hai, jaise ki request, response, session, application scope, etc.

JSP में page context ka object pageContext naam se available hota hai. Yeh object kuch
important properties aur methods ko represent karta hai jo page ke execution environment
ko define karte hain.

Page Context के कुछ मुख्य features:

1. Request: Yeh client ke request ko represent karta hai.

2. Response: Yeh server se client ko send hone wali response ko represent karta hai.
3. Session: Yeh user-specific session data ko handle karta hai.
4. Application: Yeh application-level data ko handle karta hai.
5. ServletConfig: Yeh servlet ko initialize karne ke liye use hota hai.
6. ServletContext: Yeh servlet container ke context ko represent karta hai.

PageContext Class की Methods:

• getRequest(): Client ke request object ko return karta hai.

• getResponse(): Response object ko return karta hai.
• getSession(): Session object ko return karta hai.
• getServletContext(): ServletContext object ko return karta hai.
• getOut(): Output stream ko return karta hai, jisme response data likha jaata hai.
Example:
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%
// Using pageContext to get request
String clientIP = pageContext.getRequest().getRemoteAddr();
 out.println("Client IP Address: " + clientIP);
%>
Yahaan pageContext.getRequest().getRemoteAddr() se client ka IP address get kiya ja raha
hai aur output mein display kiya ja raha hai.

JSP-Directive क्या है ?

JSP Directive ek special tag hota hai jo JSP page ki behavior ko configure karta hai. Directive
ka use JSP page ko specify karne ke liye kiya jaata hai ki us page ka execution kaise hoga. Yeh
page ke global settings ko define karta hai, jo page ke liye apply hoti hain.
JSP directives ko <%@ directive %> tag ke andar likha jaata hai. JSP mein teen types ke
directives hote hain:
1. Page Directive (<%@ page %>):
o Page directive ka use page ki properties ko define karne ke liye hota hai, jaise
contentType, language, import, session, buffer size, etc.
Attributes:
o language: Page ka language set karta hai. Default: java.
o contentType: Response content type set karta hai. Example: text/html.
o import: External Java classes ko import karne ke liye use hota hai.
o session: Session tracking ko enable ya disable karta hai. Default: true.
o buffer: Output buffer size define karta hai.
Example:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" session="false"
%>
2. Include Directive (<%@ include %>):
o Include directive ka use external files ko include karne ke liye hota hai. Yeh
compile time pe include hota hai, jo page ko compile karte waqt file ko insert
karta hai.
Syntax:
<%@ include file="filename" %>
Example:
<%@ include file="header.jsp" %>
Yahaan header.jsp ko current page mein include kiya gaya hai.
3. Taglib Directive (<%@ taglib %>):
o Taglib directive ka use custom tag libraries ko include karne ke liye hota hai.
Yeh JSP page mein custom tags ko use karne ki facility deta hai.
Syntax:
<%@ taglib uri="taglib_uri" prefix="prefix_name" %>
Example:
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
Is example mein JSTL core tag library ko import kiya gaya hai aur prefix c set kiya gaya hai.

JSP-Directive के लाभ:

1. Global Configuration: Yeh page ki global configuration set karne mein madad karta
hai, jo puri page ko affect karta hai.
2. Code Reusability: Include directive ka use code ko reusable banata hai, jise baar-baar
include kiya ja sakta hai.
3. Custom Tag Usage: Taglib directive ka use custom tags ko easily manage karne aur
reuse karne ke liye hota hai.

Conclusion:
• Page Context JSP page ka ek implicit object hai jo page ke environment aur scope ko
handle karta hai. Yeh page ke runtime data ko manage karta hai.
• JSP Directives ko use karke hum JSP page ki behavior aur configuration set karte hain.
Yeh page, include, aur taglib directives ki form mein hote hain, jo page ko modular,
reusable aur flexible banate hain.

Question – 10 JSP में Request और Response Implicit object की व्याख्या

कीजिए?
Answer - JSP में Request और Response Implicit Object की व्याख्या
JSP (JavaServer Pages) में , Request और Response दो महत्िपूर्ण implicit objects हैं जो server
aur client ke beech communication ko handle karte hain. Inhe JSP pages mein automatically
available kiya jaata hai, bina kisi explicit declaration ke. Yeh objects client ke request aur
server ke response se related information ko represent karte hain aur unhe access karna
simple banate hain.
1. Request Implicit Object (request):
Request object ko HTTP request ke details ko represent karne ke liye use kiya jaata hai. Yeh
object client se server tak bheje gaye request data ko store karta hai. Request object ka use
client ke request parameters, HTTP headers, URL, etc. ko retrieve karne ke liye hota hai.

Request Object के मख्

ु य कायय:

• Request Parameters: Yeh client ke form data ya URL ke query parameters ko retrieve
karta hai.
• HTTP Headers: Yeh HTTP request ke headers ko access karne ki suvidha deta hai.
• Request Attributes: Yeh request-specific attributes ko store aur retrieve karta hai jo
ek request cycle ke dauran store hote hain.
• Session Handling: Yeh session data ko manage karne ke liye use hota hai, agar session
tracking enabled ho.
• Request URI and URL: Yeh client ke request ki URI aur URL ko fetch karne ki suvidha
deta hai.

Request Object की Methods:

1. getParameter(String name): Is method ka use request ke parameters ko retrieve

karne ke liye hota hai.
2. getAttribute(String name): Is method ka use request ke attributes ko retrieve karne ke
liye hota hai.
3. getHeader(String name): Yeh method request ke headers ko access karta hai.
4. getMethod(): Yeh method HTTP request ke method ko return karta hai (e.g., GET,
POST).
5. getRemoteAddr(): Yeh method client ke IP address ko return karta hai.
Example:
<%
String username = request.getParameter("username");
out.println("Username: " + username);
%>
Is example mein request.getParameter("username") se form parameter "username" ka
value retrieve kiya ja raha hai.
2. Response Implicit Object (response):
Response object client ko server se bheji jaane wali response ko represent karta hai. Yeh
object server ke response data ko client tak bhejne mein madad karta hai. Response object
ka use HTML content, cookies, redirect requests, HTTP status codes, etc. ko set karne ke liye
hota hai.

Response Object के मुख्य कायय:

• Response Status: Yeh server ki taraf se client ko send hone wale status codes ko set
karta hai (e.g., 200 OK, 404 Not Found).
• Output Content: Yeh HTML, JSON, XML, ya kisi bhi format mein data ko client ko send
karne ke liye content set karta hai.
• Redirect: Yeh client ko ek different URL par redirect karne ke liye use hota hai.
• Cookies: Yeh client ke browser mein cookies ko set karne aur read karne ke liye use
hota hai.

Response Object की Methods:

1. setContentType(String type): Yeh method response content type ko set karta hai,
jaise text/html ya application/json.
2. getWriter(): Yeh method response output stream ko access karta hai, jisme client ko
response bheja jaata hai.
3. sendRedirect(String location): Yeh method client ko kisi aur URL par redirect karta hai.
4. setStatus(int statusCode): Yeh method HTTP status code ko set karta hai (e.g., 404,
500).
5. addCookie(Cookie cookie): Yeh method client ke browser mein cookie set karta hai.
Example:
<%
response.setContentType("text/html");
response.getWriter().println("<h1>Hello, World!</h1>");
%>
Yahaan response.setContentType("text/html") se response type set kiya ja raha hai aur
response.getWriter().println() se HTML content client ko bheja ja raha hai.
Request और Response Implicit Objects का उपयोग:

• Request object ko server pe aaye request ke details (jaise form data, headers,
session) ko access karne ke liye use kiya jaata hai.
• Response object ko client ko response bhejne ke liye use kiya jaata hai, jaise content
type set karna, status code set karna, redirect karna, etc.
Example of Using Both Request and Response:
<%
String name = request.getParameter("name");
if (name != null) {
response.setContentType("text/html");
response.getWriter().println("<h1>Welcome, " + name + "!</h1>");
} else {
response.sendRedirect("error.jsp");
}
%>
Is example mein:
1. Request object se name parameter retrieve kiya gaya hai.
2. Agar name parameter available hai, toh Response object se HTML content bheja
jaata hai.
3. Agar name parameter null hai, toh client ko error.jsp par redirect kiya jaata hai.

Conclusion:
• Request Implicit Object client ke request details ko handle karta hai, jaise form data,
parameters, headers, etc.
• Response Implicit Object server ke response ko client tak bhejne ka kaam karta hai,
jaise content type set karna, output bhejna, status codes set karna, ya redirect karna.
Yeh dono objects JSP pages mein bahut hi important hote hain kyunki inka use data ko
process karne aur client-server communication ko manage karne mein hota hai.
Question – 11 What is AJAX? Explain advantages and disadvantages
of AJAX यह कैसे कायय करता है ?
Answer - AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) क्या है?
AJAX ek technique hai jo web applications mein dynamic content ko load karne ke liye use
hoti hai bina page ko reload kiye. Iska main purpose web page ko dynamically update karna
hai, jisse user ko smooth aur responsive experience milta hai. AJAX ka use client-side pe
JavaScript aur server-side pe data fetch karne ke liye hota hai. AJAX ka use kisi bhi
asynchronous request ko handle karne ke liye hota hai, jisme data background mein fetch
hota hai aur page reload nahi hota.
AJAX ka full form hai Asynchronous JavaScript and XML, lekin aajkal AJAX mein data ko
XML ke alawa JSON, HTML, ya plain text mein bhi send kiya ja sakta hai.

AJAX कैसे काम करता है ?

1. JavaScript Call: Jab user kisi action (button click, form submit, etc.) karta hai, to
JavaScript function call hota hai.
2. AJAX Request: JavaScript ek request bhejta hai server ko (HTTP GET, POST, etc.) using
XMLHttpRequest object.
3. Server Processing: Server request ko process karta hai aur response send karta hai.
Yeh response XML, JSON, HTML, ya plain text mein ho sakta hai.
4. AJAX Response: Jab response server se milta hai, to JavaScript response ko handle
karta hai aur HTML DOM ko dynamically update kar leta hai.
5. Page Update: Server se response milne ke baad, page bina reload kiye hi update ho
jata hai.

AJAX की काययप्रणाली:

• Step 1: User koi action perform karta hai (jaise form submit).
• Step 2: JavaScript se XMLHttpRequest object create kiya jata hai.
• Step 3: Request server ko send ki jati hai (asynchronous).
• Step 4: Server se response aata hai (e.g., JSON, XML, etc.).
• Step 5: JavaScript response ko handle karta hai aur page ko update kar leta hai bina
page reload kiye.

AJAX का एक साधारण Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AJAX Example</title>
<script>
function loadData() {
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); // Create new XMLHttpRequest object
xhr.open("GET", "data.txt", true); // Request to server (data.txt)

xhr.onload = function() {
if (xhr.status == 200) {
document.getElementById("result").innerHTML = xhr.responseText; // Display
server response
}
};

xhr.send(); // Send the request to the server

}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<button onclick="loadData()">Load Data</button>
<div id="result"></div>
</body>
</html>
Is example mein, jab button click kiya jaata hai, loadData() function call hota hai, jo server
se "data.txt" ko fetch karta hai aur response ko result div mein show kar deta hai.

AJAX के लाभ (Advantages):

 1. Improved User Experience: Page reload na karne ki wajah se user ko smooth aur fast
experience milta hai.
2. Faster Data Processing: Sirf zaroori data fetch hota hai, jisse page ke response time
mein kaafi behtari aati hai.
3. Reduced Server Load: Asynchronous requests se server pe load kam hota hai kyunki
puri page ko dobara se fetch nahi karna padta.
4. Background Data Loading: Data ko background mein load karke page ko
asynchronously update kiya ja sakta hai.
5. Better Performance: AJAX ka use karne se web applications fast aur efficient ho jate
hain.

AJAX के िुकसाि (Disadvantages):

1. Browser Compatibility: Purani browsers AJAX ko support nahi karte hain, isliye
compatibility ka issue ho sakta hai.
2. SEO Issues: AJAX se content dynamically load hota hai, jisse search engines ko
content ko index karne mein dikkat ho sakti hai.
3. Complexity: AJAX implementation complex ho sakti hai, especially jab data ko handle
karna ho ya error handling karni ho.
4. JavaScript Dependency: Agar user ka browser JavaScript disable ho, to AJAX ka
functionality kaam nahi karegi.
5. Security Issues: AJAX requests server se sensitive data fetch karte hain, jisme proper
security measures lene ki zaroorat hoti hai.

AJAX के उदाहरणों से उपयोग (Use Cases):

1. Live Search: Jab user search box mein type karta hai, to search results ko dynamically
fetch kiya jata hai bina page reload kiye.
2. Form Validation: Form submit karne se pehle server pe data validate karna.
3. Real-time Data Updates: Chat applications aur live sports scores mein real-time
updates dikhana.
4. Social Media Updates: Facebook, Twitter jaise platforms pe likes, comments update
karna bina page reload kiye.
Conclusion:
AJAX ek powerful technique hai jo web applications ko fast aur responsive banata hai. Yeh
dynamic content loading ko enable karta hai bina puri page ko reload kiye. AJAX ke fayde
bhi hain aur kuch limitations bhi, jaise browser compatibility aur SEO issues. Lekin, proper
implementation ke saath yeh powerful web development mein ek important tool hai.

Question – 12 Session और Session Management , Session Tracking को

पररभाषषत कीजिए और यह कैसे कायय करता है ?
Answer – Session और Session Management:
Session ek temporary storage mechanism hota hai jisme user ki information ko ek particular
time period tak store kiya jata hai. Jab bhi koi user web application ko access karta hai, ek
session create hota hai. Is session ke through web application user ke interactions ko track
karta hai. Jaise hi user browser ko band karta hai ya session time-out hota hai, session
expire ho jata hai.
Session Management ka matlab hai user ke session ko efficiently manage karna, taki user
ke interaction ke dauran data ko maintain kiya ja sake. Isme session creation, maintenance,
aur expiry ka process include hota hai.

Session कैसे कायय करता है ?

1. Session Creation: Jab ek user web application ko pehli baar access karta hai, to ek
session create hota hai. Yeh session ek unique session ID assign karta hai jo server par
store hoti hai.
2. Session Tracking: Web server user ki activity ko track karta hai. Jab user kisi page pe
navigate karta hai, to uski session ID ke through server identify karta hai ki yeh user
kaun hai aur kis state mein hai.
3. Session Expiry: Jab session ka time limit khatam ho jata hai, to session automatically
expire ho jata hai. Agar user ko session active rakhna ho to server ko refresh karna
padta hai.
4. Session Termination: Jab user browser ko band karta hai, ya logout karta hai, ya
session expiry time ke baad, session terminate ho jata hai.

Session Tracking:
Session tracking ka matlab hai ek user ke request aur response ke dauran uski information
ko maintain karna, taki user ki activity ko track kiya ja sake. Web applications stateless hote
hain, matlab har request independent hoti hai, aur server ko har new request par user ki
pehchaan nahi hoti. Isliye session tracking ka use kiya jata hai, jisme user ko ek unique
session ID assign ki jati hai.
Session Tracking Techniques:
1. Cookies:
o Cookies ek small text file hota hai jo client ke browser mein store hota hai.
Isme session ID ko store kiya jata hai, jisse user ki session ko identify kiya jata
hai.
o Example: Jab user login karta hai, server ek cookie create karta hai jo session
ID store karta hai. Agla request browser se session ID bhejta hai aur server user
ko identify karta hai.
2. URL Rewriting:
o URL rewriting mein session ID ko URL ke through pass kiya jata hai. Jab user ek
link click karta hai, to session ID URL mein add hota hai.
o Example: http://example.com/welcome.jsp;jsessionid=12345
3. Hidden Form Fields:
o Hidden fields HTML forms mein use hote hain jisme session ID ko store kiya
jata hai. Jab form submit hota hai, to session ID bhi submit hoti hai.
o Example: Hidden fields mein session ID pass karke form submission ke through
session ko track kiya jata hai.
4. Session Object (in Servlet/JSP):
o Server-side pe session ko manage karne ke liye Session Object use hota hai,
jisme user ke data ko store kiya jata hai.
o Example: Servlet mein session object create kiya jata hai:
o HttpSession session = request.getSession();
o session.setAttribute("username", "JohnDoe");

Session और Session Management की आिश्यकता (Need):

1. User Authentication: Jab user login karta hai, to session management uska login
state track karta hai. Isse user ko har page par dobara login nahi karna padta.
2. Maintaining User Data: Session tracking se user ke preferences ya choices ko web
application mein maintain kiya ja sakta hai. Jaise shopping cart mein items add karna
ya user settings ko store karna.
 3. Personalized Experience: Session management se user ko personalized experience
milta hai, jisme application user ki activity aur preferences ko track karke customized
content display karta hai.
4. Security: Session management se user ke sensitive data ko secure rakha jata hai. Jab
user logout karta hai, to session automatically expire hota hai, jo security ko improve
karta hai.

Session Management के फायदे (Advantages):

1. User Data Management: Session ke through user ka data efficiently manage kiya ja
sakta hai, jaise cart items ya user preferences.
2. Reduced Server Load: Session tracking techniques se server par data ko continuously
store nahi karna padta, jo server load ko reduce karta hai.
3. Easy Authentication: Login aur authentication process ko easy banata hai, jisme user
ko baar-baar login nahi karna padta.

Session Management के िक
ु साि (Disadvantages):

1. Session Expiry: Agar session expire ho jata hai, to user ko phir se login karna padta
hai.
2. Security Risk: Agar session hijacking ho jaye (user ki session ID chura li jaye), to
sensitive information compromise ho sakti hai.
3. Client-Side Dependency: Kuch techniques (jaise cookies) client-side pe depend karti
hain, jise users disable kar sakte hain.

Session और Session Tracking का Example (Java Servlet):

// Create session object

HttpSession session = request.getSession();

// Set session attribute

session.setAttribute("username", "JohnDoe");

// Get session attribute

String username = (String) session.getAttribute("username");
out.println("Hello, " + username);

// Destroy the session

session.invalidate();
Is example mein, jab user login karta hai, to session object create hota hai aur user ka data
(username) session mein store kiya jata hai. Jab user logout karta hai, to session invalidate
ho jata hai.

Conclusion:
Session aur session management web applications mein user interaction ko track karne aur
data ko maintain karne ke liye important techniques hain. Inhe implement karne se user ka
experience better hota hai, security improve hoti hai, aur server ka load bhi kam hota hai.

Question – 13 Http Servlet और Generic Servlet में क्या अंतर है? या फफर
Request Dispatcher के उपयोग बताइए?
Answer - Http Servlet और Generic Servlet में क्या अंतर है?
1. Http Servlet:
• Definition: HttpServlet ek subclass hota hai GenericServlet ka aur specifically HTTP
requests ko handle karta hai. Jab ek servlet HTTP request ko process karta hai, tab
HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) use kiye jate hain.
• Methods:
o doGet(): GET request ko handle karta hai.
o doPost(): POST request ko handle karta hai.
o doPut(), doDelete() bhi HTTP methods ke liye available hote hain.
• Usage: HttpServlet tab use kiya jata hai jab aapko web-based applications banaani
ho, jahan HTTP protocol ka use hota ho.
• Example:
• @WebServlet("/myServlet")
• public class MyHttpServlet extends HttpServlet {
 • protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
• response.getWriter().println("This is a GET request");
• }
• }

2. Generic Servlet:
• Definition: GenericServlet ek abstract class hota hai jo Servlet interface ko implement
karta hai. Yeh class protocol-independent hota hai, matlab HTTP ya kisi aur protocol
ke liye use kiya ja sakta hai.
• Methods:
o service(): Yeh method request aur response ko handle karta hai, aur aapko
doGet(), doPost() ya similar methods ko override karna padta hai.
• Usage: Jab aapko kisi specific protocol ke liye servlet develop karni ho (jaise FTP ya
SMTP), tab GenericServlet ka use hota hai.
• Example:
• public class MyGenericServlet extends GenericServlet {
• public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws
ServletException, IOException {
• response.getWriter().println("This is a Generic Servlet");
• }
• }

HttpServlet और GenericServlet में अंतर:

Feature HttpServlet GenericServlet

Protocol Protocol-independent (HTTP,

HTTP protocol ke liye hota hai.
Support FTP, etc.)

Methods doGet(), doPost(), etc. service() method.

Web applications jo HTTP protocol ko use Jab kisi specific protocol ki

Use Case
karte hain. zarurat ho.
Feature HttpServlet GenericServlet

Web applications (e.g., handling HTTP FTP server ya custom protocols

Example
requests) ke liye.

Request Dispatcher का उपयोग:

Request Dispatcher ka use ek servlet ke request ko dusre servlet, JSP page, or HTML page
ko forward karne ke liye kiya jata hai. Yeh RequestDispatcher interface ke through hota hai,
aur yeh request aur response object ko transfer karta hai.
Methods:
• forward(Request, Response): Yeh method current request aur response ko kisi aur
resource (jaise servlet, JSP, etc.) ke pass forward karta hai.
• include(Request, Response): Yeh method ek resource ka content include karta hai
aur current response mein add kar deta hai.
Usage Example:
1. Forwarding Request:
2. RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("nextPage.jsp");
3. dispatcher.forward(request, response);
Ismein current servlet ya JSP page se request ko forward kiya jata hai "nextPage.jsp" ke
paas.
4. Including Content:
5. RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("header.jsp");
6. dispatcher.include(request, response);
Yeh method current page ke content mein "header.jsp" ka content include kar deta hai.

Request Dispatcher के फायदे :

1. Code Reusability: Aap ek page ya servlet ka content dusre page mein reuse kar sakte
hain.
2. Separation of Concerns: View aur business logic ko separate karne mein madad karta
hai. (JSP aur servlet ka use alag-alag functionalities ke liye)
 3. Redirection: RequestDispatcher se forward karne ka process server ke side pe hota
hai, isliye URL change nahi hota.

Conclusion:
• HttpServlet aur GenericServlet mein major difference protocol support mein hota
hai. HttpServlet HTTP requests ko handle karta hai jabki GenericServlet kisi bhi
protocol ko handle kar sakta hai.
• RequestDispatcher ka use ek servlet ke request ko kisi dusre resource (JSP, servlet)
tak forward karne ya include karne ke liye hota hai. Yeh web applications mein
request management ko manage karne mein madad karta hai.

Question – 14 Explain how to handle HTTP GET and POST request ?

Asnwer - Java Servlet mein GET aur POST Request kaise handle karte hain?
Jab browser aur server ke beech baat hoti hai, toh mostly GET ya POST request use hoti
hai. Java Servlet mein in dono requests ko handle karne ke liye HttpServlet class ka use
hota hai.

1. GET Request kya hota hai?

GET ka matlab hota hai: Data lena server se.

Jab tu kisi website ko open karta hai ya koi search karta hai, toh browser GET request
bhejta hai.

Kaise kaam karta hai GET?

• Data URL mein hi chala jata hai, jaise:
example.com?name=Ratnesh&age=20
• Ye bas data retrieve karta hai, kuch change nahi karta server pe.
• Secure nahi hota, kyunki data URL mein dikh raha hota hai.

Servlet mein GET handle kaise karein?

doGet() method override karna padta hai. Example dekh:
java
CopyEdit
@WebServlet("/getExample")
public class GetExampleServlet extends HttpServlet {
 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String name = request.getParameter("name");
String age = request.getParameter("age");

response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<h2>GET Request Aayi</h2>");
out.println("<p>Name: " + name + "</p>");
out.println("<p>Age: " + age + "</p>");
}
}

request.getParameter("name") – ye URL se name ka value nikalta hai.

2. POST Request kya hota hai?

POST ka matlab hota hai: Data bhejna server ko.

Jab tu form submit karta hai (login form, registration form), toh POST request jata hai.

Kaise kaam karta hai POST?

• Data body ke andar chala jata hai, URL mein nahi dikhai deta.
• Secure hota hai (thoda zyada).
• Mostly form submit, login, ya database update ke liye use hota hai.

Servlet mein POST handle kaise karein?

doPost() method override karna padta hai. Example dekh:
java
CopyEdit
@WebServlet("/postExample")
public class PostExampleServlet extends HttpServlet {
 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");

response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

if (username.equals("admin") && password.equals("admin123")) {

out.println("<h2>Login Successful</h2>");
} else {
out.println("<h2>Login Failed</h2>");
}
}
}

request.getParameter("username") – form ke andar se username ka data nikalta hai.

GET vs POST – Basic Differences:

Feature GET POST

Data Location URL ke saath jata hai Body ke andar chhupa hota hai

Data Length Chhota data (2048 char tak) Large data bhej sakte ho

Security Kam secure Thoda zyada secure

Cache hota? Haan Nahi

Kab use karein Jab data sirf lena ho Jab form ya secret data bhejna ho

Kab GET use karein?

• Jab sirf data chahiye server se
• Jab data sensitive na ho
 • Jab URL mein data dikh jaye chalega

Kab POST use karein?

• Jab form submit kar rahe ho
• Jab username-password jaise data bhejna ho
• Jab database update ya kuch create karna ho

Form ke Example:

HTML Form for GET:

html
CopyEdit
<form action="getExample" method="get">
Name: <input type="text" name="name">
Age: <input type="text" name="age">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

HTML Form for POST:

html
CopyEdit
<form action="postExample" method="post">
Username: <input type="text" name="username">
Password: <input type="password" name="password">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

Conclusion (Ek line mein samjho):

GET – Data lena, URL mein dikhta hai.
POST – Data bhejna, secure hota hai.
Servlet mein doGet() aur doPost() methods se dono handle hote hain.
Question – 15 2 Tier, 3 Tier या फफर N Tier Architecture की व्याख्या
कीजिए?
Answer - Software Architecture िा उद्दे श्य एि लसस्टम िे विलभन्न घटिों िो इस तरह से
डिजाइन िरना है कि िे आसानी से एि दस
ू रे िे साथ इंटरै क्ट िर सिें। Tier िा मतिब है भसस्टम
के षिभभन्ि लेिल या लेयर, जो लसस्टम िे िायों और िायणक्षमता िो अिग-अिग िरते हैं।

अब, 2-Tier, 3-Tier, और N-Tier आकिणटे क्चर, प्रत्येि में लसस्टम िो विलभन्न िेयरों में बााँटने िा
तरीिा है।

1. 2-Tier Architecture:

2-Tier Architecture में , लसस्टम िो दो लेयरों में विभाजजत किया जाता है :

• Client Layer (Presentation Layer): यह िह हहस्सा होता है जहां यज

ू र इंटरफेस होता है । इसे
यज
ू र द्िारा इंटरएक्ट किया जाता है ।

• Server Layer (Data Layer): यह िह हहस्सा होता है जहां िेटाबेस और िेटा प्रोसेलसंग होती है।

कैसे काम करता है:

• क्िाइंट द्िारा भेजे गए अनरु ोध िो सीधे सिणर द्िारा संसाधधत किया जाता है ।

• क्िाइंट और सिणर िे बीच सीधा िनेक्शन होता है।

• क्िाइंट सिणर से िेटा प्राप्त िरता है और कफर यूजर िो हदखाता है ।

उदाहरण:

• एि साधारर् िेब एजप्ििेशन, जहां यज

ू र क्िाइंट (ब्राउजर) से सिणर (जैसे Apache या IIS) से
िेटा प्राप्त िरता है ।

लाभ:

• सरि डिजाइन और िम िॉम्पप्िेजक्सटी।

• िम िागत और िम सिणर सेटअप।

हानियाँ:
 • जैसे-जैसे यूजसण िी संख्या बढ़ती है , लसस्टम धीमा हो सिता है ।

• क्िाइंट और सिणर िे बीच िी िनेजक्टविटी पर ज्यादा ननभणरता।

2. 3-Tier Architecture:

3-Tier Architecture में , लसस्टम िो तीि लेयरों में बााँटा जाता है:

• Presentation Layer (Client Layer): यह िह िेयर है जहां यज

ू र इंटरफेस होता है।

• Logic Layer (Application Layer): यह िेयर बबजनेस िॉजजि और िेटा प्रोसेलसंग िरती है ।

• Data Layer (Database Layer): यह िेयर िेटाबेस से संबधं धत िायण िरती है , जैसे िेटा
संग्रहर् और पुनप्राणजप्त।

कैसे काम करता है:

• क्िाइंट (Presentation Layer) सिणर से िेटा प्राप्त िरने िे लिए एजप्ििेशन िॉजजि
(Application Layer) िो िॉि िरता है ।

• एजप्ििेशन िॉजजि िेटा िो िेटाबेस से प्राप्त िरता है और कफर उसे क्िाइंट िो भेजता है ।

उदाहरण:

• ऑनिाइन शॉवपंग िेबसाइट, जहां यज

ू र िे इंटरएक्शन से िेटा प्रोसेलसंग और संग्रहर् िे लिए
विलभन्न सिणर िेयरों िा उपयोग किया जाता है।

लाभ:

• अधधि िचीिापन और स्िेिेबबलिटी।

• बेहतर प्रदशणन और िेटा सरु क्षा।

• अिग-अिग िेयर िे िारर्, प्रत्येि िेयर िो स्ितंत्र रूप से अपिेट किया जा सिता है ।

हानियाँ:

• ज्यादा िॉम्पप्िेजक्सटी और सेटअप।

• अधधि सिणर और संसाधनों िी आिश्यिता।

3. N-Tier Architecture:

N-Tier Architecture में , लसस्टम िो N लेयरों (जहां N 3 से अधधि हो सिता है ) में बााँटा जाता है ।
इसमें हर िेयर िा विलशष्ट िायण होता है और सभी िेयर एि दस
ू रे से स्ितंत्र होती हैं।

• Presentation Layer (Client Layer): यूजर इंटरफेस और इंटरएक्शन िे लिए।

• Application Layer: बबजनेस िॉजजि और एजप्ििेशन प्रोसेलसंग।

• Database Layer: िेटाबेस से संबंधधत िायण।

• Additional Layers (Optional): जैसे Caching Layer, Security Layer, Web Service Layer,
आहद।

कैसे काम करता है:

• प्रत्येि िेयर विलशष्ट िायण िरती है और किसी अन्य िेयर पर ननभणर नहीं होती। उदाहरर् िे
लिए, एि सुरक्षा िेयर हो सिता है जो िेटाबेस या एजप्ििेशन िेयर से पहिे आता है ।

उदाहरण:

• एि एंटरप्राइज-िेिि िेब एजप्ििेशन, जैसे एि बैंकिंग लसस्टम, जहां प्रत्येि िायण िो अिग-
अिग िेयर में विभाजजत किया जाता है।

लाभ:

• बहुत िचीिापन और स्िेिेबबलिटी।

• प्रत्येि िेयर िो आसानी से बदिा जा सिता है ।

• विलभन्न िायों िो विभाजजत िरिे लसस्टम िो अधधि प्रबंधनीय बनाया जाता है ।

हानियाँ:

• अधधि जहटि और महं गा।

• िई सिणरों िी आिश्यिता होती है , जजससे रखरखाि मुजश्िि हो सिता है।

Summary of Differences:
Feature 2-Tier Architecture 3-Tier Architecture N-Tier Architecture

Number of 2 Tiers (Client + 3 Tiers (Client + Application

N Tiers (Multiple layers)
Tiers Server) + DB)

Simple and less More complex, better Most complex, highly

Complexity
complex scalability scalable

Less scalable with Better performance with High performance and

Performance
high load multiple layers scalability

Small to medium Medium to large Large enterprise

Use Case
applications applications applications

Conclusion:
• 2-Tier Architecture is suitable for simpler applications with lower traffic.
• 3-Tier Architecture is more robust and suited for applications requiring more
scalability and data processing.
• N-Tier Architecture is designed for very large applications that require extensive
layers for various concerns (security, caching, etc.), and it’s ideal for enterprise-level
systems.

Question – 16 Advance Java या J2EE को पररभाषषत कीजिए?

Answer - Advance Java ya J2EE kya hai?
Advance Java, jo ki J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) ke naam se bhi jaana jaata hai,
ek aisa framework hai jo Java programming language ka use karke enterprise-level
applications develop karne mein madad karta hai. Ye primarily web applications aur large-
scale, distributed systems ke liye design kiya gaya hai. J2EE mein different APIs aur tools
hote hain jo complex enterprise applications ko efficiently manage karte hain.
Key Components of J2EE:
1. Servlets: Web server ke through client requests ko handle karne wale programs hote
hain.
2. JSP (Java Server Pages): Dynamic web pages banane ke liye use hota hai. HTML aur
Java ko mix karke user interface create karta hai.
3. EJB (Enterprise Java Beans): Business logic ko handle karta hai aur server-side
components ka kaam karta hai.
 4. JDBC (Java Database Connectivity): Java applications ko databases se connect karne
ke liye use hota hai.
5. JNDI (Java Naming and Directory Interface): Services ko locate karne ke liye naam
aur directory services ka use karta hai.
6. JMS (Java Message Service): Asynchronous communication ke liye use hota hai.
7. RMI (Remote Method Invocation): Remote objects ke saath communication establish
karne ke liye use hota hai.
Labh:
• Scalability: J2EE applications large-scale applications ke liye designed hote hain, jo
easily scale ho sakte hain.
• Reusability: J2EE components ko reuse kiya ja sakta hai, jaise EJBs ko multiple
applications mein use kiya ja sakta hai.
• Distributed Computing: J2EE application distributed environment mein efficiently
kaam karte hain.
Nuksan:
• Complexity: J2EE ki architecture thodi complex hoti hai, isliye beginners ke liye
samajhna mushkil ho sakta hai.
• Performance: Heavy server-side processing aur large-scale applications ke liye
performance impact ho sakta hai.
Yeh tha J2EE ka basic introduction! Ab aur koi question ho toh batao!

Question – 17 JSP में Page Context क्या है िणयि कीजिए?

Answer - JSP mein Page Context kya hai?
JSP (Java Server Pages) mein PageContext ek important implicit object hai, jo JSP page ke
execution ke dauran page ke saare context information ko handle karta hai. Iska use ek page
ke different resources ko manage karne ke liye hota hai, jaise request, response, session,
application scope, etc. PageContext ke through hum request aur response objects ko easily
access kar sakte hain aur page ke lifecycle ko manage kar sakte hain.
PageContext ki Role:
1. Scope management: PageContext various scopes ko handle karta hai, jaise page,
request, session, aur application. Isse hum easily request aur session data ko access
aur modify kar sakte hain.
 2. Access to implicit objects: PageContext ke through hum request, response, session,
out (response writer), config (ServletConfig), etc. implicit objects ko access kar sakte
hain.
3. Forwarding requests: Isse hum request ko forward kar sakte hain kisi aur resource
(like another JSP or servlet) par.
4. Error handling: PageContext error handling mein bhi help karta hai, jaise page par
errors aane par usse handle karna.
Methods provided by PageContext:
• getRequest(): Request object ko access karta hai.
• getResponse(): Response object ko access karta hai.
• getSession(): Session object ko access karta hai.
• getServletConfig(): Servlet configuration object ko access karta hai.
• getServletContext(): Servlet context ko access karta hai.
• forward(): Request ko forward karta hai kisi aur resource par.
• include(): Page ko include karta hai.
Example:
<%@ page import="javax.servlet.http.*, javax.servlet.*" %>
<%
PageContext pageContext = pageContext;
String pageTitle = "Welcome to JSP PageContext Example!";
out.println("<h2>" + pageTitle + "</h2>");
%>

Yeh tha PageContext ka explanation! Agar aur kuch padhna hai toh batao!

Question – 18 JSP में Request और Response Implicit object िी व्याख्या िीजजए?

Answer - Arre yaar, ab tumhara question hai na JSP mein Request aur Response ke Implicit
Objects ke baare mein, toh chalo thoda simple style mein samjhata hoon.

JSP mein Request aur Response Implicit Objects kya hain?

Request aur Response implicit objects JSP mein automatically available hote hain. Matlab
tumhe unhe explicitly declare karne ki zarurat nahi hoti. Ye objects tumhare page aur client
ke beech ki communication ko handle karte hain.
1. Request Implicit Object:
Request object tumhare client (user) ki taraf se bheje gaye request ko represent karta hai.
Jab user tumhare web page ko request bhejta hai (jaise ki URL access karna), tab yeh object
tumhe us request ke baare mein saari information deta hai, jaise ki parameters, headers,
cookies, etc.
Request ke kaam:
• Form Data: Agar tumhare page par form submit ho raha ho, toh request object
tumhe us form ke data ko access karne ka mauka deta hai.
• Request Parameters: Jaise ki URL mein query string ho (e.g., ?username=xyz), woh
tum request object se fetch kar sakte ho.
• HTTP Headers: Agar tumhe HTTP headers (jaise content type, user-agent) ki zarurat
ho, toh tum request object se access kar sakte ho.
• Session Information: Agar user ne koi session create kiya ho, toh tum request object
se session ki details le sakte ho.
Example:
<%
String username = request.getParameter("username");
out.println("Hello, " + username);
%>
Is example mein, request.getParameter("username") se tum user ka username fetch kar
rahe ho, jo form ya URL se aaya hoga.
2. Response Implicit Object:
Response object tumhare server ki taraf se client ko bheje gaye response ko represent karta
hai. Tumhare page par jo bhi output dikhega (jaise HTML, images, etc.), woh response
object ke through client tak pahuchta hai.
Response ke kaam:
• Content Type Set Karna: Tum response object ke through specify kar sakte ho ki
tumhara page kis type ka content return karega (jaise text/html, application/json
etc.)
 • Redirecting: Agar tum chaahte ho ki client ko kisi dusre page par redirect kiya jaye,
toh tum response.sendRedirect() method ka use kar sakte ho.
• Setting Headers: Tum response headers set kar sakte ho (e.g., cookies, caching
information) using response.setHeader().
• Output Stream: Tum response object se output stream bhi le sakte ho, jo tumhe
page ka content write karne mein madad karega.
Example:
<%
response.setContentType("text/html");
out.println("<h1>Welcome to JSP Response Example!</h1>");
%>
Is example mein, response.setContentType("text/html") se tum content type set kar rahe
ho, jisse browser ko pata chalega ki tum HTML content bhej rahe ho.

Summary:
• Request object tumhe client se aayi hui request ki details provide karta hai, jaise form
data, query parameters, etc.
• Response object tumhe server ki taraf se client ko bheje jaane wale response ko
manage karta hai, jisme content type, redirection, output stream, etc. shamil hain.

Agar yeh clear hai, toh agla question bata dena!

Question – 19 JSP Tags का detailed classification ?

Answer - Arre yaar, JSP Tags ka classification tumhare liye simple tareeke se samjhata
hoon. JSP mein tag kaafi important hote hain, kyunki unke through hi hum dynamic content
generate karte hain.

JSP Tags ka Classification:

JSP tags ko mainly 3 categories mein classify kiya jaata hai:
1. Standard Tags
2. Custom Tags
3. Directive Tags
Chalo, ab in sabko detail mein samajhte hain.

1. Standard Tags:
Standard tags woh tags hote hain jo JSP mein built-in hote hain aur tumhe manually koi
extra configuration nahi karni padti. Yeh tags server-side processing ko manage karte hain
aur tumhare web page ko dynamic banate hain.
Types of Standard Tags:
1. Action Tags: Yeh tags tumhe JSP ke request, response, session, etc., ko handle karne
mein madad karte hain.
o jsp:include: Iska use kisi dusre resource ko include karne ke liye hota hai.
o jsp:forward: Iska use request ko forward karne ke liye hota hai ek dusre page
par.
o jsp:param: Yeh use hota hai parameters ko pass karne ke liye.
o jsp:useBean: Iska use Java bean ko create ya access karne ke liye hota hai.
2. Scripting Tags: Yeh tags allow karte hain Java code ko directly JSP page mein likhne ke
liye.
o <%! Declaration %>: Yeh tag variable ya method ko declare karne ke liye use
hota hai.
o <%= Expression %>: Iska use Java expression ko output ke roop mein display
karne ke liye hota hai.
o <% Scriptlet %>: Yeh tag tumhe Java code ko directly HTML ke beech mein
likhne ka option deta hai.
3. Directive Tags: Yeh tags page ka behavior define karte hain.
o <%@ page %>: Yeh tag page-specific settings ko define karta hai (jaise content
type, session management, etc.)
o <%@ include %>: Yeh tag ek file ko page ke ander include karne ke liye use
hota hai.

2. Custom Tags:
Custom tags tum khud define kar sakte ho agar tumhe kuch special functionality chahiye ho
jo JSP ke standard tags mein nahi mil rahi.
 • Custom Tags ka Creation: Tum custom tags ko tag libraries ke through create karte
ho. Yeh tags Java classes ke form mein likhe jaate hain aur unhe JSP mein use kiya
jaata hai.
• JSP Tag Library (JSTL): JSTL ek collection hai predefined tags ka jo common tasks jaise
loop, conditional statements, etc. ko simplify karta hai.
Example of Custom Tag:
public class MyTagHandler extends TagSupport {
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
// Custom code to be executed when the tag is encountered
return SKIP_BODY;
}
}
Yeh custom tag tumhare JSP page mein special functionality implement karta hai.

3. Directive Tags:
Directive tags tumhare JSP page ko define karte hain aur unka configuration set karte hain.
Yeh page level par applicable hote hain.
Types of Directive Tags:
1. <%@ page %>: Yeh directive tag page ke configuration ko define karta hai, jaise ki
page ka content type, error handling, buffer size, etc.
o Example:
o <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" %>
2. <%@ include %>: Yeh tag ek external file ko include karta hai tumhare page mein. Yeh
file include karne se pehle compile hoti hai.
o Example:
o <%@ include file="header.jsp" %>
3. <%@ taglib %>: Yeh tag libraries ko include karta hai. Tum agar custom tags use kar
rahe ho, toh tumhe yeh directive specify karna padta hai.
o Example:
o <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
Summary of JSP Tags Classification:
• Standard Tags: Predefined tags jo JSP mein already available hote hain (Action,
Scripting, Directive tags).
• Custom Tags: Custom tags jo tum khud define karte ho Java classes ke through.
• Directive Tags: Yeh page ke configuration ko set karte hain (page, include, taglib).

Agar tumhe yeh samajh mein aaya ho toh, next question bata dena!

Question – 20 JDBC API , JSP-Directive ?

Answer - Arre yaar, abhi tumne JDBC API aur JSP-Directive ka poochha hai, toh main
dono ka explanation de raha hoon simple language mein, taaki tum easily samajh pao.

1. JDBC API (Java Database Connectivity API):

JDBC ek Java API hai jo Java applications ko databases ke saath connect karne ke liye use
hota hai. JDBC ke through tum easily data ko database se retrieve, insert, update, aur delete
kar sakte ho.
JDBC API ka Main Purpose:
• JDBC ka main purpose Java programs ko relational databases ke saath connect karna
hai. JDBC tumhe database operations perform karne ke liye ek standard interface
provide karta hai.
JDBC Architecture:
JDBC API ka architecture kuch is tarah se kaam karta hai:
1. JDBC Driver: Driver ka kaam hai JDBC calls ko database ke native protocol mein
convert karna.
2. Driver Manager: Driver Manager ka kaam hai suitable driver ko select karna jo
database ke saath communicate kar sake.
3. Connection: Connection object database ke saath connection establish karta hai.
4. Statement: Statement ka use query run karne ke liye hota hai (e.g., SELECT, INSERT,
UPDATE).
5. ResultSet: ResultSet object query ka result store karta hai.
6. Exception Handling: JDBC mein errors ko handle karna zaroori hota hai, toh tum
SQLExceptions ko handle karte ho.
JDBC Example:
import java.sql.*;

public class Example {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// Step 1: Load the JDBC driver
Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");

// Step 2: Establish connection

Connection con =
DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb", "root", "password");

// Step 3: Create a statement

Statement stmt = con.createStatement();

// Step 4: Execute query

ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM students");

// Step 5: Process the result set

while (rs.next()) {
System.out.println(rs.getInt(1) + " " + rs.getString(2));
}

// Step 6: Close the connection

con.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
 }
}
JDBC ke Benefits:
• Platform-independent: JDBC Java ke through databases se connect karta hai jo
platform-independent hai.
• Data portability: Tum easily apne application ko different databases ke saath
integrate kar sakte ho.
• Performance: Efficiently SQL queries execute hoti hain JDBC ke through.

2. JSP-Directive:
JSP directives tumhare JSP page ka configuration set karte hain. Yeh page level par apply
hote hain, aur tumhare page ke behavior ko control karte hain.
JSP Directives ke Types:
1. <%@ page %>: Iska use page ke configuration ko define karne ke liye hota hai, jaise ki
content type, language, error handling, etc.
2. <%@ include %>: Iska use ek external file ko include karne ke liye hota hai. Yeh file
compile hone se pehle tumhare page mein include hoti hai.
3. <%@ taglib %>: Yeh tag tumhe custom tag libraries ko page mein include karne ke
liye use hota hai.
1. <%@ page %> Directive:
Yeh directive page ke general settings ko configure karta hai. Jaise content type, buffer size,
etc.
Example:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" %>
• language: Java programming language use ho rahi hai.
• contentType: Page ka content type set kiya gaya hai.
2. <%@ include %> Directive:
Iska use ek file ko dynamically include karne ke liye hota hai, jisme HTML ya JSP code hota
hai.
Example:
<%@ include file="header.jsp" %>
Yeh file tumhare page ke start mein header.jsp ko include kar dega.
3. <%@ taglib %> Directive:
Yeh directive custom tag libraries ko page mein include karta hai.
Example:
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
• uri: Yeh URI define karta hai jahan se tag library ko include kiya gaya hai.
• prefix: Yeh prefix define karta hai jo tum custom tags mein use karoge.
Summary of JSP Directives:
• <%@ page %>: Page configuration set karta hai (language, content type, etc.)
• <%@ include %>: External files ko include karta hai.
• <%@ taglib %>: Tag libraries ko include karta hai.

Conclusion:
• JDBC API tumhe Java application se database ke saath interact karne ka tareeka
provide karta hai.
• JSP-Directive tumhare JSP page ke configuration ko set karte hain aur tumhe page ko
control karne mein madad karte hain.

Agar yeh samajh mein aa gaya ho toh, next question bata dena!