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com

n+¿£çXâ&óƒT\T 111

(iv) a2 – a1 = 1 – 1 = 0
a3 – a2 = 1 – 1 = 0
a4 – a3 = 2 – 1 = 1
‚#á³ a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 ¹ a4 – a3.
¿±eÚq, ‚ºÌq dŸ+K«\ C²_Ԑ n+¿£çXâ&“ó @sÁÎsÁ#<á TŠ .
nuó²«dŸ+ 5.1
1. ‡ ¿ì+~ dŸ+|˜ŸT³q\ýË @ dŸ+|˜ŸT³qýË @sÁÎ&û dŸ+K«\ C²_Ԑ n+¿£çXâ&ó neÚÔáT+~? m+<ŠTÅ£”?
á D²“¿ì ` 15 #=|Ÿðq ÔásÁTyÔá ç|ŸÜ ¿ìýËMT³sÁTÅ£” ` 8 #=|Ÿðq
(i) ÿ¿£ {²¿¡à¿ì yîTT<Š{ì ¿ìýËMT³sÁT ç|ŸjÖ
#î*¢+#áe\d¾ –q• ç|ŸÜ ¿ìýËMT³sÁT ÔásÁTyÔá #î*¢+#áe\d¾q kõeTTˆ.
(ii) ÿ¿£ yÅ£L«yŽT |Ÿ+|ŸÚ d¾ý+É &ƒsÁTýË eÚ+&û >±* qT+º 14 e e+ÔáT rd¾yj
û Tá TqT. nsTTq ç|ŸÜkͯ d¾ýÉ+&ƒsTÁ ýË
$TÐ* –+&û >±* |Ÿ]eÖDeTT.
(iii) ÿ¿£ u²$“ ÔáeÇ&†“¿ì yîTT<Š³ MT³sÁTÅ£” ` 150 e+ÔáTq €™|Õ ç|ŸÜ MT³sÁTÅ£” ` 50 e+ÔáTq #î*¢+#*.
nsTTq ç|ŸÜ MT³sÁT ÔásTÁ yÔá #î*+¢ #áe\d¾q kõeTTˆ.
(iv) ÿ¿£ u²«+Å£”ýË ` 10000 \qT dŸ+eÔáàs“¿ì 8 % #áç¿£e&ž¦ ç|Ÿ¿±sÁ+ bõ<ŠT|ŸÚ #ûdq¾ ç|ŸÜ dŸ+eÔáàsÁeTT ºesÁýË
U²ÔýË eÚ+&û kõeTTˆ.
2. n+¿£çXâ&Tóƒ \ jîTT¿£Ø yîTT<Š{ì |Ÿ<ŠeTT a eT]jáTT kÍeÖq«uó<
ñ +Š d $\Te\T ç¿ì+<Š ‚eNj&q$. nsTTq € çXâ&ýó ˓
yîTT<Š{ì H\T>·T |Ÿ<‘\qT ¿£qT>=qTeTT:
(i) a = 10, d = 10 (ii) a = –2, d=0
1
(iii) a = 4, d = – 3 (iv) a = – 1, d=
2
(v) a = – 1.25, d = – 0.25
3. ç¿ì+<Š ‚eNj&q n+¿£çXâ&Tóƒ \Å£” yîTT<Š{ì |Ÿ<eŠ TTqT, kÍeÖq« uó<ñ +Š qT ¿£qT>=qTeTT:
(i) 3, 1, – 1, – 3, . . . (ii) – 5, – 1, 3, 7, . . .
1 , 5 , 9 , 13 ,
(iii) 3 3 3 3
... (iv) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9, . . .
4. ç¿ì+~ C²_Ԑ\ýË @$ n+¿£çXâ&ƒTó \T? ÿ¿£ yûÞø n+¿£çXâ&ó nsTTq kÍeÖq«uóñ<+Š d qT, ÔásTÁ yÔá e#ûÌ eTÖ&ƒT |Ÿ<‘\qT
¿£qT>=qTeTT.
(i) 2, 4, 8, 16, . . . (ii) 2, 5 , 3, 7 , ...
2 2
(iii) – 1.2, – 3.2, – 5.2, – 7.2, . . . (iv) – 10, – 6, – 2, 2, . . .
(v) 3, 3 + 2 , 3 + 2 2 , 3 + 3 2 , . . . (vi) 0.2, 0.22, 0.222, 0.2222, . . .
1 1 1 1
(vii) 0, – 4, – 8, –12, . . . (viii) – , – , – , – , . . .
2 2 2 2

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112 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

(ix) 1, 3, 9, 27, . . . (x) a, 2a, 3a, 4a, . . .

(xi) a, a2, a3, a4, . . . (xii) 2, 8, 18 , 32, ...
(xiii) 3, 6, 9 , 12 , ... (xiv) 12, 32, 52, 72, . . .
(xv) 12, 52, 72, 73, . . .
5.3 nth Term of an AP
Let us consider the situation again, given in Section 5.1 in which Reena applied for a job and got
selected. She has been offered the job with a starting monthly salary of ` 8000, with an annual
increment of ` 500. What would be her monthly salary for the fifth year?
To answer this, let us first see what her monthly salary for the second year would be.
It would be ` (8000 + 500) = ` 8500. In the same way, we can find the monthly salary for
the 3rd, 4th and 5th year by adding ` 500 to the salary of the previous year. So, the salary for the
3rd year = ` (8500 + 500)
= ` (8000 + 500 + 500)
= ` (8000 + 2 × 500)
= ` [8000 + (3 – 1) × 500] (for the 3rd year)
= ` 9000
Salary for the 4th year = ` (9000 + 500)
= ` (8000 + 500 + 500 + 500)
= ` (8000 + 3 × 500)
= ` [8000 + (4 – 1) × 500] (for the 4th year)
= ` 9500
Salary for the 5th year = ` (9500 + 500)
= ` (8000+500+500+500 + 500)
= ` (8000 + 4 × 500)
= ` [8000 + (5 – 1) × 500] (for the 5th year)
= ` 10000
Observe that we are getting a list of numbers
8000, 8500, 9000, 9500, 10000, . . .
These numbers are in AP. (Why?)

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n+¿£çXâ&óƒT\T 113

(ix) 1, 3, 9, 27, . . . (x) a, 2a, 3a, 4a, . . .

(xi) a, a2, a3, a4, . . . (xii) 2, 8, 18 , 32, ...
(xiii) 3, 6, 9 , 12 , ... (xiv) 12, 32, 52, 72, . . .
(xv) 12, 52, 72, 73, . . .
5.3 n+¿£çXâ&ó jîTT¿£Ø ne |Ÿ<eŠ TT
$uó²>·+ 5.1ýË #á]Ì+ºq »»¯Hµµ –<ë>·+ ¿ÃdŸ+ <ŠsUÁ ²dŸTï #ûd¾ –<ë>·+ bõ+~q $wŸjá֓• eTs=¿£kÍ] |Ÿ]o*<‘Ý+.
‡yîTÅ£” Hî\Å£” ` 8000 #=|Ÿðq eT]jáTT dŸ+eÔáàsÁeTTqÅ£” ` 500 #=|Ÿðq ™|+#û $<ó+Š >± eÚq• –<ë>·+ýË “jáT$T+#á³+
È]Ð+~. nsTTÔû –<ë>·+ýË #û]q ÔásÁTyÔá 5e dŸ+eÔáàsÁeTTýË €yîT JÔá+ m+Ôá –+&ƒe#áTÌ?
B“¿ì dŸeÖ<ó‘q+ ¿£qT>=H\+fñ eTT+<ŠT –<ë>·+ýË #û]q ÔásTÁ yÔá s +&ƒe dŸ+eÔáàsÁeTTýË €yîT JÔáeTTqT ¿£qT>=H*.
n~ ` (8000 + 500) = ` 8500 ‚<û $<ó+Š >±, 3e, 4e, 5e dŸ+eÔáàsÁeTT\ýË €yîT JÔáeTTqT eTT+<ŠT
dŸ+eÔáàsÁeTTýË –q• JԐ“¿ì ` 500 ¿£\|Ÿ³+ <‘Çs ¿£qT>=qe#áTÌ.
¿±eÚq, 3e dŸ+ööýË €yîT JÔá+ = ` (8500 + 500)
= ` (8000 + 500 + 500)
= ` (8000 + 2 × 500)
= ` [8000 + (3 – 1) × 500] (3e dŸ+eÔáàsÁeTT)
= ` 9000
4e dŸ+ööýË €yîT JÔá+ = ` (9000 + 500)
= ` (8000 + 500 + 500 + 500)
= ` (8000 + 3 × 500)
= ` [8000 + (4 – 1) × 500] (4e dŸ+eÔáàsÁeTT)
= ` 9500
5e dŸ+ööýË €yîT JÔá+ = ` (9500 + 500)
= ` (8000+500+500+500 + 500)
= ` (8000 + 4 × 500)
= ` [8000 + (5 – 1) × 500] (5e dŸ+eÔáàsÁeTT)
= ` 10000
™|Õ y“ qT+º ÿ¿£ dŸ+K«\ C²_Ԑ @sÁÎ&ƒ³+ eTq+ >·eT“+#áe#áTÌqT. n~ ç¿ì+~ $<ó+Š >± –+³T+~.
8000, 8500, 9000, 9500, 10000, . . .
‚~ ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&.ó (m+<ŠTÅ£”?)

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114 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

Now, looking at the pattern formed above, can you find her monthly salary for the 6th year?
The 15th year? And, assuming that she will still be working in the job, what about the monthly
salary for the 25th year? You would calculate this by adding ` 500 each time to the salary of the
previous year to give the answer. Can we make this process shorter? Let us see. You may have
already got some idea from the way we have obtained the salaries above.
Salary for the 15th year
= Salary for the 14th year + ` 500
é 500 + 500 + 500 + .... + 500 ù
= ` ê8000 ú + ` 500
ë 13 times û
= ` [8000 + 14 × 500]
= ` [8000 + (15 – 1) × 500] = ` 15000
i.e., First salary + (15 – 1) × Annual increment.
In the same way, her monthly salary for the 25th year would be
` [8000 + (25 – 1) × 500] = ` 20000
= First salary + (25 – 1) × Annual increment
This example would have given you some idea about how to write the 15th term, or the
25th term, and more generally, the nth term of the AP.
Let a1, a2, a3, . . . be an AP whose first term a1 is a and the common difference is d.
Then,
the second terma2 = a + d = a + (2 – 1) d
the third term a3 = a2 + d = (a + d) + d = a + 2d = a + (3 – 1) d
the fourth terma4 = a3 + d = (a + 2d) + d = a + 3d = a + (4 – 1) d
........
........
Looking at the pattern, we can say that the nth term an = a + (n – 1) d.
So, the nth term an of the AP with first term a and common difference d is given by
an = a + (n – 1) d.
an is also called the general term of the AP. If there are m terms in the AP, then am

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n+¿£çXâ&óƒT\T 115

™|Õ neT]¿£ €<ó‘sÁ+>± 6e, 15e dŸ+eÔáàsÁeTTýË €yîT jîTT¿£Ø JÔáeTTqT ¿£qT>=q>·\eÖ? €yîT ÿ¿£yÞû ø ‚|ŸÎ{ì¿¡ n<û
–<ë>·+ýË ¿=qkÍÐÔû 25e dŸ+ÔáàsÁeTTýË €yîT JÔáeTTqT m+Ôá –+&ƒe#áTÌqT? ç|ŸÜ dŸ+eÔáàsÁeTT €yîT JÔáeTTqT eTT+<ŠTq•
dŸ+eÔáàsÁeTTýË €yîT JԐ“¿ì ` 500 ¿£\|Ÿ³+ <‘Çs ¿£qT>=qe#áTÌ. nsTTÔû B““ MýÉÕq+Ôá ÔáŔ£ Øe dŸeTjáT+ýË MýÉqÕ +Ôá
dŸT\uó+„ >± ¿£qT>=q>·\eÖ? ™|Õ ç|Ÿç¿ìjTá \ýË JÔáeTTqT ¿£qT>=Hû $<ó‘q+ eTqÅ£” ¿=+Ôá ne>±VŸ²q nsTTq~ ¿£qT¿£ <‘““
–|ŸjîÖÐ<‘Ý+.
15e dŸ+ÔáàsÁeTTýË JÔáeTT
= 14e dŸ+ÔáàsÁeTTýË JÔáeTT + ` 500
é 500 + 500 + 500 + .... + 500 ù
= ` ê8000 ú + ` 500
ë 13 times
kÍsÁT¢ û
= ` [8000 + 14 × 500]
= ` [8000 + (15 – 1) × 500] = ` 15000
nq>±, yîTT<Š{ì JÔá+ + (15 – 1) × y]ü¿£ ™|sÁT>·T<Š\
n<û $<ó+Š >± 25e dŸ+eÔáàsÁeTTýË €yîT JÔá+
` [8000 + (25 – 1) × 500] = ` 20000
= yîTT<Š{ì JÔá+ + (25 – 1) × y]ü¿£ ™|sÁT>·T<Š\
‡ –<‘VŸ²sÁD ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë 15e |Ÿ<ŠeTTqT, 25e |Ÿ<ŠeTTqT sjáTT³Å£” ¿±e\d¾q ÿ¿£ dŸT\TeÚ |Ÿ<ÜƊ “ ‚ºÌ+~.
‚<û |Ÿ<ÜƊ “ –|ŸjÖî Ð+º ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&ó jîTT¿£Ø ne |Ÿ<eŠ TTqT ¿£qT>=+<‘+.
a1, a2, a3, . . . nHû ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&“ ó rdŸTÅ£”+<‘+. B“ýË yîTT<Š{ì |Ÿ<+Š a1 = a eT]jáTT kÍeÖq« uó<ñ +Š
d nqTÅ£”+<‘+.
n|ŸÚÎ&ƒT,
Âs+&ƒe |Ÿ<+Š a2 = a + d = a + (2 – 1) d
eTÖ&ƒe |Ÿ<+Š a3 = a2 + d = (a + d) + d = a + 2d = a + (3 – 1) d
H\Ze |Ÿ<Š+ a4 = a3 + d = (a + 2d) + d = a + 3d = a + (4 – 1) d
........
........
™|Õ neT]¿£ €<ó‘sÁ+>± ne |Ÿ<+Š an = a + (n – 1) d n“ #î|ŸÎe#áTÌ.
¿±eÚq, yîTT<Š{ì |Ÿ<+Š a, kÍeÖq« uó<ñ +Š d >± –+fñ n+¿£çXâ&ó jîTT¿£Ø ne |Ÿ<eŠ TT an = a + (n – 1) d.

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116 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

represents the last term which is sometimes also denoted by l.

Let us consider some examples.
Example 3 : Find the 10th term of the AP : 2, 7, 12, . . .
Solution : Here, a = 2, d = 7 – 2 = 5 and n = 10.
We have an = a + (n – 1) d
So, a10 = 2 + (10 – 1) × 5 = 2 + 45 = 47
Therefore, the 10th term of the given AP is 47.
Example 4 : Which term of the AP : 21, 18, 15, . . . is – 81? Also, is any term 0? Give reason
for your answer.
Solution : Here, a = 21, d = 18 – 21 = – 3 and an = – 81, and we have to find n.
As an = a + ( n – 1) d,
we have – 81 = 21 + (n – 1)(– 3)
– 81 = 24 – 3n
– 105 = – 3n
So, n = 35
Therefore, the 35th term of the given AP is – 81.
Next, we want to know if there is any n for which an = 0. If such an n is there, then
21 + (n – 1) (–3) = 0,
i.e., 3(n – 1) = 21
i.e., n=8
So, the eighth term is 0.
Example 5 : Determine the AP whose 3rd term is 5 and the 7th term is 9.
Solution : We have
a3 = a + (3 – 1) d = a + 2d = 5 (1)
and a7 = a + (7 – 1) d = a + 6d = 9 (2)
Solving the pair of linear equations (1) and (2), we get
a = 3, d = 1
Hence, the required AP is 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, . . .

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n+¿£çXâ&óƒT\T 117

an qT n+¿£çXâ&ó jîTT¿£Ø kÍ<ó‘sÁD |Ÿ<e

Š TT n“ Å£L&† n+{²+. ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë m |Ÿ<‘\Tq• am |Ÿ<Š+ ºe] |Ÿ<Š+
neÚÔáT+~. B““ ¿=“•kÍsÁT¢ l Ôà ţL&† dŸÖºkÍïsTÁ .
¿=“• –<‘VŸ²sÁD\qT |Ÿ]o*<‘Ý+.
–<‘VŸ²sÁD 3 : 2, 7, 12 .... n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë 10e |Ÿ<eŠ TTqT ¿£qT>=qTeTT.
kÍ<óqŠ : ‚#á̳, a = 2, d = 7 – 2 = 5 eT]jáTT n = 10.
an = a + (n – 1) d qT+º
¿±eÚq, a10 = 2 + (10 – 1) × 5 = 2 + 45 = 47
n+<ŠTe\q n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë 10e |Ÿ<ŠeTT 47.
–<‘VŸ²sÁD 4 : 21, 18, 15, . . . n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë mq•e|Ÿ<eŠ TT – 81n>·TqT? @<îHÕ  ÿ¿£ |Ÿ<eŠ TT »0µ neÚÔáT+<‘?
ú dŸeÖ<ó‘qeTTqÅ£” ¿±sÁD²*eTTˆ?
kÍ<óqŠ : ‚#á̳, a = 21, d = 18 – 21 = – 3 eT]jáTT an = – 81, eTqeTT n $\Te ¿£qT>=H*.
an = a + ( n – 1) d n“ eTqÅ£” Ôî\TdŸT
– 81 = 21 + (n – 1)(– 3)
– 81 = 24 – 3n
– 105 = – 3n
¿±eÚq, n = 35
nq>± ™|Õ n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë 35e |Ÿ<eŠ TT – 81 neÚÔTá +~.
ÔásTÁ yÔá an = 0 njûT«$<ó+Š >± n qT ¿£qT>=H*
21 + (n – 1) (–3) = 0,
i.e., 3(n – 1) = 21
i.e., n=8
¿±eÚq, n+¿£çXâ&ó 8e |Ÿ<eŠ TT 0 neÚÔáT+~.
–<‘VŸ²sÁD 5 : 3e |Ÿ<ŠeTT 5, 7e |Ÿ<eŠ TT 9>± –+&ƒTq³T¢ ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&“ó ¿£qT>=qTeTT.
kÍ<óqŠ : ýÉ¿Ø£ ç|Ÿ¿±sÁ+
a3 = a + (3 – 1) d = a + 2d = 5 (1)
eT]jáTT a7 = a + (7 – 1) d = a + 6d = 9 (2)
dŸMT¿£sDÁ ²\T kÍ<óŠq #ûjáT>±, (1) eT]jáTT (2) \ qT+&
a = 3, d = 1
¿±‹{ì,¼ ¿±e\d¾q n+¿£çXâ&ó : 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, . . .

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118 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

Example 6 : Check whether 301 is a term of the list of numbers 5, 11, 17, 23, . . .
Solution : We have :
a2 – a1 = 11 – 5 = 6, a3 – a2 = 17 – 11 = 6, a4 – a3 = 23 – 17 = 6
As ak + 1 – ak is the same for k = 1, 2, 3, etc., the given list of numbers is an AP.
Now, a = 5 and d = 6.
Let 301 be a term, say, the nth term of this AP.
We know that
an = a + (n – 1) d
So, 301 = 5 + (n – 1) × 6
i.e., 301 = 6n – 1
302 151
So, n= =
6 3
But n should be a positive integer (Why?). So, 301 is not a term of the given list of numbers.
Example 7 : How many two-digit numbers are divisible by 3?
Solution : The list of two-digit numbers divisible by 3 is :
12, 15, 18, . . . , 99
Is this an AP? Yes it is. Here, a = 12, d = 3, an = 99.
As an = a + (n – 1) d,
we have 99 = 12 + (n – 1) × 3
i.e., 87 = (n – 1) × 3
87
i.e., n–1= = 29
3
i.e., n = 29 + 1 = 30
So, there are 30 two-digit numbers divisible by 3.
Example 8 : Find the 11th term from the last term (towards the first term) of the
AP : 10, 7, 4, . . ., – 62.
Solution : Here, a = 10, d = 7 – 10 = – 3, l = – 62,
where l = a + (n – 1) d

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n+¿£çXâ&óƒT\T 119

–<‘VŸ²sÁD 6 : 5, 11, 17, 23, . . . C²_ԐýË 301 –+³T+<à ýñ<à ¿£qT>=qTeTT?

kÍ<óqŠ : ‚¿£Ø&ƒ :
a2 – a1 = 11 – 5 = 6, a3 – a2 = 17 – 11 = 6, a4 – a3 = 23 – 17 = 6
nq>± k = 1, 2, 3 .... \Å£” ak + 1 – ak d¾sœ eÁ TT>± –+fñ, ‚eNj&q dŸ+K«\ C²_Ԑ ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&ó neÚÔáT+~.
‡ n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë a = 5 eT]jáTT d = 6.
301e |Ÿ<ŠeTTqT n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë n e |Ÿ<eŠ TT nqTÅ£”+<‘+. nq>± an = 301 nsTTÔû
an = a + (n – 1) d n“ eTqÅ£” Ôî\TdŸT
¿±eÚq, 301 = 5 + (n – 1) × 6
i.e., 301 = 6n – 1
302 151
¿±eÚq, n= =
6 3
nsTTÔû n ÿ¿£ <óŠq|ŸPsÁ’ dŸ+K« ¿±eýÉqT (m+<ŠTÅ£”?) ¿±eÚq 301 ‚ºÌq dŸ+K«\ C²_ԐýË –+&ƒ<TŠ .
–<‘VŸ²sÁD 7 : 3#û uó²Ð+|Ÿ‹&û s +&ƒ+¿\ dŸ+K«\T m“•?
kÍ<óqŠ : 3#û uó²Ð+|Ÿ‹&û Âs+&ƒ+¿\ dŸ+K«\ C²_Ԑ:
12, 15, 18, . . . , 99
ó Tû H? neÚqT. ‚¿£Ø&ƒ,
‚~ ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&j a = 12, d = 3, an = 99.
an = a + (n – 1) d, n“ eTqÅ£” Ôî\TdŸT
99 = 12 + (n – 1) × 3
i.e., 87 = (n – 1) × 3
87
i.e., n–1= = 29
3
i.e., n = 29 + 1 = 30
nq>± 3 #û uó²Ð+|Ÿ‹&û Âs+&ƒ+¿\ dŸ+K«\T 30 >·\eÚ.
–<‘VŸ²sÁD 8 : 10, 7, 4, . . ., – 62 n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë ºe] qT+& 11e |Ÿ<ŠeTTqT (yîTT<Š{ì |Ÿ<+Š yîÕ|ŸÚŔ£ ) ¿£qT>=qTeTT?
kÍ<óqŠ : ‚¿£Ø&ƒ, a = 10, d = 7 – 10 = – 3, l = – 62,
nsTTÔû l = a + (n – 1) d n“ eTqÅ£” Ôî\TdŸT.

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120 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

To find the 11th term from the last term, we will find the total number of terms in the AP.
So, – 62 = 10 + (n – 1)(–3)
i.e., – 72 = (n – 1)(–3)
i.e., n – 1 = 24
or n = 25
So, there are 25 terms in the given AP.
The 11th term from the last term will be the 15th term. (Note that it will not be the 14th
term. Why?)
So, a15 = 10 + (15 – 1)(–3) = 10 – 42 = – 32
i.e., the 11th term from the last term is – 32.
Alternative Solution :
If we write the given AP in the reverse order, then a = – 62 and d = 3 (Why?)
So, the question now becomes finding the 11th term with these a and d.
So, a11 = – 62 + (11 – 1) × 3 = – 62 + 30 = – 32
So, the 11th term, which is now the required term, is – 32.
Example 9 : A sum of ` 1000 is invested at 8% simple interest per year. Calculate the interest
at the end of each year. Do these interests form an AP? If so, find the interest at the end of 30
years making use of this fact.
Solution : We know that the formula to calculate simple interest is given by
P×R ×T
Simple Interest =
100
1000 × 8 ×1
So, the interest at the end of the1st year = ` = ` 80
100
1000 × 8 × 2
The interest at the end of the2nd year = ` = ` 160
100
1000 × 8 × 3
The interest at the end of the3rd year = ` = ` 240
100
Similarly, we can obtain the interest at the end of the 4th year, 5th year, and so on.
So, the interest (in `) at the end of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, . . . years, respectively are
80, 160, 240, . . .

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n+¿£çXâ&óƒT\T 121

ºe] qT+& 11e |Ÿ<eŠ TTqT ¿£qT>=qeýÉqq• eTT+<ŠT>± çXâ&ýó Ë m“• |Ÿ<‘\T –q•yà ¿£qT>=qeýÉqT.
¿±eÚq, – 62 = 10 + (n – 1)(–3)
i.e., – 72 = (n – 1)(–3)
i.e., n – 1 = 24
ýñ<‘ n = 25
nq>± ‚eNj&q n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë 25 |Ÿ<‘\T –+{²sTT.
n+fñ ºe] qT+º 11e |Ÿ<eŠ TT yîTT<Š{ì qT+º 15e |Ÿ<+Š neÚÔáT+~. (14e |Ÿ<+Š ¿±<ŠT m+<ŠTÅ£”?)
¿±eÚq, a15 = 10 + (15 – 1)(–3) = 10 – 42 = – 32
nq>±, ºe] qT+º 11e |Ÿ<eŠ TT – 32.
ç|ŸÔ«e֕jáT kÍ<óŠq :
‚ºÌq n+¿£çXâ&“ó yîqT¿£ qT+& çyjáT>± n|ŸÚ&Tƒ a = – 62 eT]jáTT d = 3 (m+<ŠTÅ£”?)
‚|ŸÚ&Tƒ a eT]jáTT d \qT –|ŸjîÖÐ+º 11e |Ÿ<ŠeTTqT ¿£qT>=qT³ eTq dŸeTdŸ« n>·TqT.
¿±eÚq, a11 = – 62 + (11 – 1) × 3 = – 62 + 30 = – 32
¿±eÚq, ‚|ŸÚ&ƒT eTqÅ£” ¿±e*àq 11e |Ÿ<eŠ TT – 32.
–<‘VŸ²sÁD 9 : ` 1000 \Å£” dŸ+eÔáàs“¿ì 8% u²sÁTe&ž¦ ç|Ÿ¿±sÁeTT ç|ŸÜ dŸ+eÔáàs+Ԑ“¿ì njûT« e&ž¦“ ¿£qT>=qTeTT?
‡ e&ž\¦ C²_Ԑ ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&ó neÚÔáT+<‘? ÿ¿£yÞû ø n+¿£çXâ&ó nsTTÔû 30e dŸ+eÔáàsÁeTT ºesÁ njûT« e&ž“¦ ¿£qT>=qTeTT?
kÍ<óqŠ : u²sÁTe&ž“¦ ¿£qT>=qT³Å£” dŸÖçÔáeTT
P×R ×T
u²sÁTe&ž¦ = 100
n“ eTqÅ£” Ôî\TdŸT
1000 × 8 ×1
¿±eÚq, 1e dŸ+ÔáàsÁeTT ºesÁ njûT« e&ž¦ = ` = ` 80
100

1000 × 8 × 2
2e dŸ+ÔáàsÁeTT ºesÁ njûT« e&ž¦ = ` = ` 160
100

1000 × 8 × 3
3e dŸ+ÔáàsÁeTT ºesÁ njûT« e&ž¦ = ` = ` 240
100
‡ $<óŠ+>± 4e, 5e .... dŸ+eÔáàs\ ºesÁ njûT« e&ž\¦ qT ¿£qT>=qe#áTÌ.
nq>± 1e, 2e, 3e .... dŸ+eÔáàs\ ºesÁ njûT« e&ž¦\ $\Te (` \ýË) esÁTdŸ>±,
80, 160, 240, . . .

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122 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

It is an AP as the difference between the consecutive terms in the list is 80, i.e.,
d = 80. Also, a = 80.
So, to find the interest at the end of 30 years, we shall find a30.
Now, a30 = a + (30 – 1) d = 80 + 29 × 80 = 2400
So, the interest at the end of 30 years will be ` 2400.

Example 10 : In a flower bed, there are 23 rose plants in the first row, 21 in the second, 19 in
the third, and so on. There are 5 rose plants in the last row. How many rows are there in the
flower bed?
Solution : The number of rose plants in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, . . ., rows are :
23, 21, 19, . . ., 5
It forms an AP (Why?). Let the number of rows in the flower bed be n.
Then a = 23, d = 21 – 23 = – 2, an = 5
As, an = a + (n – 1) d
We have, 5 = 23 + (n – 1)(– 2)
i.e., – 18 = (n – 1)(– 2)
i.e., n = 10
So, there are 10 rows in the flower bed.
EXERCISE 5.2
1. Fill in the blanks in the following table, given that a is the first term, d the common
difference and an the nth term of the AP:

a d n an
(i) 7 3 8 ...
(ii) – 18 ... 10 0
(iii) ... –3 18 –5
(iv) – 18.9 2.5 ... 3.6
(v) 3.5 0 10 5 ...

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n+¿£çXâ&óƒT\T 123

™|Õ C²_ԐýË Âs+&ƒT esÁTdŸ |Ÿ<‘\ uóñ<ŠeTT 80 d¾œseÁ TT ¿£qT¿£ ‚~ ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&ó neÚÔáT+~.
‚#á̳ a = 80, d = 80.
nq>± 30dŸ+eÔáàs\ ºesÁ njûT« e&ž“¦ ¿£qT>=qeýÉqq• eTqeTT a30 “ ¿£qT>=qeýÉqT.
\ a30 = a + (30 – 1) d = 80 + 29 × 80 = 2400
\ 30 dŸ+eÔáàsÁeTT\ ºesÁ njûT« e&ž¦ ` 2400.
–<‘VŸ²sÁD 10 : ÿ¿£ |ŸP\ÔóýË yîTT<Š{ì esÁTdŸýË 23 >·Tý²; #î³T¢, s +&ƒe esÁTdŸýË 21, eTÖ&ƒe esÁTdŸýË 19 ....
–H•sTT. ºe] esÁTdŸýË 5 #î³T¢ –q•, € |ŸP\ ÔóýË m“• esÁTdŸ\T ¿£\eÚ?
kÍ<óqŠ : 1e, 2e, 3e .... ºe] esÁTdŸý˓ #î³¢ dŸ+K« esÁTdŸ>± :
23, 21, 19, . . ., 5
‚~ ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&ó (m+<ŠTÅ£”?) |ŸP\ Ôóý˓ esÁTdŸý dŸ+K« n nqT¿=“q
‚|ŸÚÎ&ƒT a = 23, d = 21 – 23 = – 2, an = 5
an = a + (n – 1) d n“ eTqÅ£” Ôî\TdŸT
5 = 23 + (n – 1)(– 2)
i.e., – 18 = (n – 1)(– 2)
i.e., n = 10
¿±eÚq, |ŸP\ Ôóý˓ esÁTdŸ\ dŸ+K« 10
nuó²«dŸ+ 5.2
1. n+¿£çXâ&ýó ˓ yîTT<Š{ì |Ÿ<eŠ TT a, kÍeÖq« uñ<eŠó TT d, n e |Ÿ<eŠ TT an nsTTq ç¿ì+~ |Ÿ{¿ì¼ ý£ ˓ U²°\qT |ŸP]+|ŸÚeTT:

a d n an
(i) 7 3 8 ...
(ii) – 18 ... 10 0
(iii) ... –3 18 –5
(iv) – 18.9 2.5 ... 3.6
(v) 3.5 0 10 5 ...

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124 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

2. Choose the correct choice in the following and justify :

(i) 30th term of the AP: 10, 7, 4, . . . , is
(A) 97 (B) 7 7 (C) –7 7 (D) – 87
1
(ii) 11th term of the AP: – 3, - , 2, . . ., is
2
1
(A) 28 (B) 2 2 (C) –38 (D) – 48
2
3. In the following APs, find the missing terms in the boxes :
(i) 2, , 26
(ii) , 13, , 3
1
(iii) 5, , , 9
2
(iv) – 4, , , , , 6
(v) , 38, , , , – 22
4. Which term of the AP : 3, 8, 13, 18, . . . ,is 78?
5. Find the number of terms in each of the following APs :
1
(i) 7, 13, 19, . . . , 205 (ii) 18, 15 , 13, . . . , – 47
2
6. Check whether – 150 is a term of the AP : 11, 8, 5, 2 . . .
7. Find the 31st term of an AP whose 11th term is 38 and the 16th term is 73.
8. An AP consists of 50 terms of which 3rd term is 12 and the last term is 106. Find the 29th
term.
9. If the 3rd and the 9th terms of an AP are 4 and – 8 respectively, which term of this AP is
zero?
10. The 17th term of an AP exceeds its 10th term by 7. Find the common difference.
11. Which term of the AP : 3, 15, 27, 39, . . . will be 132 more than its 54th term?
12. Two APs have the same common difference. The difference between their 100th terms is
100, what is the difference between their 1000th terms?
13. How many three-digit numbers are divisible by 7?
14. How many multiples of 4 lie between 10 and 250?
15. For what value of n, are the nth terms of two APs: 63, 65, 67, . . . and 3, 10, 17, . . . equal?
16. Determine the AP whose third term is 16 and the 7th term exceeds the 5th term by 12.

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n+¿£çXâ&óƒT\T 125

2. ç¿ì+~ y“ýË dŸs qÕ dŸeÖ<ó‘qeTTqT mqT•¿=qTeTT eT]jáTT dŸ]#áÖ&ƒ+& :

(i) 10, 7, 4 ...... n+¿£çXâ&ý
ó Ë 30e |Ÿ<ŠeTT
(A) 97 (B) 7 7 (C) –7 7 (D) – 87
1
(ii) – 3, - , 2, . . . n+¿£çXâ&ý
ó Ë 11e |Ÿ<ŠeTT
2
1
(A) 28 (B) 2 2 (C) –38 (D) – 48
2
3. ç¿ì+<Š ‚eNj&q n+¿£çXâ&Tƒó ýË¢ u²Å£”àýË¢ ýË|¾+ºq |Ÿ<‘\qT ¿£qT>=qTeTT :
(i) 2, , 26
(ii) , 13, , 3
1
(iii) 5, , , 9
2
(iv) – 4, , , , , 6
(v) , 38, , , , – 22
4. 3, 8, 13, 18 .... n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë mq•e |Ÿ<eŠ TT 78 neÚÔTá +~?
5. ç¿ì+<Š ‚eNj&q n+¿£çXâ&Tƒó \ý˓ |Ÿ<‘\ dŸ+K«qT ¿£qT>=qTeTT?
1
(i) 7, 13, 19, . . . , 205 (ii) 18, 15 , 13, . . . , – 47
2
6. 11, 8, 5, 2 ..... n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë – 150 ÿ¿£ |Ÿ<+Š >± –+³T+<à ýñ<à |Ÿ]o*+#áTeTT.
7. ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë 11e |Ÿ<eŠ TT 38 eT]jáTT 16e |Ÿ<eŠ TT 73 nsTTq 31e |Ÿ<eŠ TT ¿£qT>=qTeTT?
8. 50 |Ÿ<‘\T ¿£*Ðq ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë 3e |Ÿ<eŠ TT 12 eT]jáTT ºe] |Ÿ<ŠeTT 106. nsTTH 29e |Ÿ<‘“•
¿£qT>=qTeTT.
9. ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë 3e, 9e |Ÿ<‘\T esÁTdŸ>± 4, – 8 nsTTq ‡ n+¿£çXâ&ýó ˓ mq•e |Ÿ<+Š »0µ (dŸTq•) neÚÔáT+~?
10. ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë 17e |Ÿ<eŠ TT 10e |Ÿ<ŠeTT ¿£+fñ 7 mÅ£”Øe nsTTq kÍeÖq« uóñ<Š+ ¿£qT>=q+&.
11. 3, 15, 27, 39 .... n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë mq•e |Ÿ<ŠeTT 54e |Ÿ<eŠ TT ¿£+fñ 132 mÅ£”Øe>± –+³T+~?
12. Âs+&ƒT n+¿£çXâ&Tóƒ \ kÍeÖq« uñ<+óŠ dŸeÖqeTT. y“ 100e |Ÿ<‘\ eT<ó«Š uóñ<+Š 100 nsTTq y“ 1000e |Ÿ<‘\
eT<ó«Š uó<ñ +Š m+Ôá?
13. 7#û uó²Ð+|Ÿ‹&û eTÖ&ƒ+¿Â \ dŸ+K«\T m“• ¿£\eÚ?
14. 10 eT]jáTT 250 \ eT<óŠ« >·\ 4 jîTT¿£Ø >·TDìC²\ dŸ+K«qT ¿£qT>=qTeTT?
15. 63, 65, 67 .... eT]jáTT 3, 10, 17 ..... n+¿£çXâ&Tóƒ \ ne |Ÿ<‘\T dŸeÖqeTT nsTTq n $\TeqT ¿£qT>=qTeTT.
16. 3e |Ÿ<eŠ TT 16>±, 7e |Ÿ<eŠ TT 5e |Ÿ<eŠ TT ¿£+fñ 12 mÅ£”Øe –+&ƒTq³T¢>± ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&“ó ¿£qT>=qTeTT.

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126 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

17. Find the 20th term from the last term of the AP : 3, 8, 13, . . ., 253.
18. The sum of the 4th and 8th terms of an AP is 24 and the sum of the 6th and 10th terms is
44. Find the first three terms of the AP.
19. Subba Rao started work in 1995 at an annual salary of ` 5000 and received an increment of
` 200 each year. In which year did his income reach ` 7000?
20. Ramkali saved ` 5 in the first week of a year and then increased her weekly savings by
` 1.75. If in the nth week, her weekly savings become ` 20.75, find n.
5.4 Sum of First n Terms of an AP
Let us consider the situation again given in
Section 5.1 in which Shakila put ` 100 into
her daughter’s money box when she was one
year old, ` 150 on her second birthday,
` 200 on her third birthday and will continue
in the same way. How much money will be
collected in the money box by the time her
daughter is 21 years old?

Here, the amount of money (in `) put in the money box on her first, second, third, fourth .
. . birthday were respectively 100, 150, 200, 250, . . . till her 21st birthday. To find the total
amount in the money box on her 21st birthday, we will have to write each of the 21 numbers in
the list above and then add them up. Don’t you think it would be a tedious and time consuming
process? Can we make the process shorter? This would be possible if we can find a method for
getting this sum. Let us see.
We consider the problem given to Gauss (about whom you read in
Chapter 1), to solve when he was just 10 years old. He was asked to find the sum of the positive
integers from 1 to 100. He immediately replied that the sum is 5050. Can you guess how did he
do? He wrote :
S = 1 + 2 + 3 + . . . + 99 + 100
And then, reversed the numbers to write
S = 100 + 99 + . . . + 3 + 2 + 1
Adding these two, he got
2S = (100 + 1) + (99 + 2) + . . . + (3 + 98) + (2 + 99) + (1 + 100)
= 101 + 101 + . . . + 101 + 101 (100 times)
100 ´ 101
So, S= = 5050 , i.e., the sum = 5050.
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n+¿£çXâ&óƒT\T 127

17. 3, 8, 13 ....... 253 n+¿£çXâ&ó jîTT¿£Ø ºe] qT+º 20e |Ÿ<eŠ TTqT ¿£qT>=qTeTT.
18. ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë 4e eT]jáTT 8e |Ÿ<‘\ yîTTÔáeï TT 24 eT]jáTT 6e, 10e |Ÿ<‘\ yîTTÔáeï TT 44 nsTTq,n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë
yîTT<Š{ì eTÖ&ƒT |Ÿ<‘\qT ¿£qT>=qTeTT.
19. dŸTu²ÒseÚ 1995e dŸ+eÔáàsÁ+ýË ` 5000 y]ü¿£ JÔá+Ôà –<ë>·+ýË #ûs&ƒT. nÔᓠJÔáeTT dŸ+eÔáàsÁeTTqÅ£”
` 200 ™|]Ðq, nÔᓠJÔáeTT @ dŸ+eÔáàsÁeTTýË ` 7000 neÚÔTá +~?
20. seT¿±[ dŸ+eÔáàsÁ|ڟ yîTT<Š{ì ysÁ+ýË ` 5 \qT €<‘ #û™dqT. eT]jáTT ÔásTÁ yÔá €yîT bõ<ŠT|ŸÚqT ` 1.75 #=|Ÿðq
ç|ŸÜ ysÁ+ ™|+ºq~. n e ysÁeTTýË €yîT ysÁ|ŸÚ bõ<ŠT|ŸÚ ` 20.75 nsTTq n $\Te ¿£qT>=qTeTT.
5.4 ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë yîTT<Š{ì n |Ÿ<‘\ yîTTÔá+ï
$uó²>·+ 5.1ýË #á]Ì+ºq wŸ¿ý¡ ² $wŸjÖá “• eTs=¿£kÍ]
|Ÿ]o*<‘Ý+. ‡yîT Ôáq Å£LÔáTsÁT yîTT<Š{ì |ŸÚ{ìq¼ sÃEq
` 100 Âs+&ƒe |ŸÚ{ì¼q sÃEq ` 150 eTÖ&ƒe |ŸÚ{q ¼ì
sÃEq ` 200 ...... ÿ¿£ &ƒ‹TÒ\ ™|fÉý¼ Ë <‘#áTÔáÖ
bþsTT+~. nsTTÔû €yîT Å£LÔáTsÁT jîTT¿£Ø 21e |ŸÚ{ìq¼ sÃE
nq+ÔáseÁ TT &ƒ‹TÒ\ ™|fɼý˓ kõeTTˆ yîTTÔáï+ m+Ôá
–+³T+~?

‚#á̳ yîTT<Š{,ì s +&ƒe, eTÖ&ƒe .... |ŸÚ{ìq¼ sÃEq ™|fÉý¼ Ë –+ºq kõeTTˆ $\Te\T (` \ýË) esÁTdŸ>± 100, 150,
200.... ‚ý² 21e |ŸÚ{q¼ì sÃE esÁÅL£ ¿=qkÍÐ+#á‹&q~. 21e |ŸÚ{ìq¼ sÃE nq+Ôás+Á ™|fÉý¼ ˓ yîTTÔá+ï kõeTTˆqT
¿£qT>=qeýÉqq• ™|Õ C²_ԐýË 21 |Ÿ<‘\qT esÁTdŸ>± sd¾ y“ yîTTÔáeï TTqT ¿£qT>=qe\d¾ –+³T+~. ‡ $<ó+Š >± #ûjTá ³+
dŸeTjáT+ e<ó‘ #ûjTû &ƒyTû ¿±Å£”+&† ¿£w¼yŸ Tî q® ~>± MTsÁT uó²$+#á³+ ýñ<‘? B““ ÔáŔ£ Øe dŸeTjáT+ýË dŸT\uó+„ >± #ûjTá ýñeÖ?
‡ yîTTԐ ¿£qT>=qT³Å£” ÿ¿£ dŸÖçԐ“• ¿£qT>=q•³¢sTTÔû, ‚~ dŸT\uó„ kÍ<óqŠ eTTÔáT+~.
>šdt (1e n<ó‘«jáT+ýË MTsÁT #á~$q e«¿ì)ï 10 dŸ+eÔáàs\ ejáTdŸTàýË kÍ~ó+ºq ÿ¿£ dŸeTdŸ«qT ‚|Ÿð&ƒT eTqeTT
|Ÿ]o*<‘Ý+. 1 qT+º 100 esÁÅL£ >·\ n“• dŸ+K«\ yîTTÔá+ï m+Ôá? n“ ‚Ôᓓ ç|Ÿ¥•+#á&ƒ+ È]Ð+~. ‚ÔáqT <‘“¿ì
dŸeÖ<ó‘q+>± 5050 n“ #î|ξ H&ƒT. nÔáqT @ $<ó+Š >± dŸeÖ<ó‘q+ #îbÍÎ&à }V¾²+#á>\· s? nÔáqT <‘““ ‡ ç¿ì+~
$<ó+Š >± skÍ&ƒT:
S = 1 + 2 + 3 + . . . + 99 + 100
Ü]Ð nÔáqT B“Hû Ü]Ð ç¿ì+<Š $<ó+Š >± skÍ&ƒT
S = 100 + 99 + . . . + 3 + 2 + 1
nÔáqT ‡ Âs+&+{ì“ Å£L& dŸÖ¿¡Œˆ¿£]+º |˜*Ÿ ÔáeTTqT ‡ ç¿ì+~ $<ó+Š >± ¿£qT>=H•&ƒT
2S = (100 + 1) + (99 + 2) + . . . + (3 + 98) + (2 + 99) + (1 + 100)
= 101 + 101 + . . . + 101 + 101 (100 kÍsÁT)¢
100 ´ 101
¿±eÚq, S= = 5050 , nq>± yîTTÔáe
ï TT = 5050.
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128 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

We will now use the same technique to find the sum of the first n terms of an AP :
a, a + d, a + 2d, . . .
The nth term of this AP is a + (n – 1) d. Let S denote the sum of the first n terms of the AP.
We have
S = a + (a + d ) + (a + 2d ) + . . . + [a + (n – 1) d ] (1)
Rewriting the terms in reverse order, we have
S = [a + (n – 1) d ] + [a + (n – 2) d ] + . . . + (a + d ) + a (2)
On adding (1) and (2), term-wise. we get
[2a + (n - 1)d ] + [2a + (n - 1)d ] + ... + [2a + (n - 1)d ] + [2a + (n - 1)d ]
2S =
n times
or, 2S = n [2a + (n – 1) d ] (Since, there are n terms)
n
or, S= [2a + (n – 1) d ]
2
So, the sum of the first n terms of an AP is given by
n
S= [2a + (n – 1) d ]
2
n
We can also write this as S= [a + a + (n – 1) d ]
2
n
i.e., S= (a + an ) (3)
2
Now, if there are only n terms in an AP, then an = l, the last term.
From (3), we see that
n
S= (a + l ) (4)
2
This form of the result is useful when the first and the last terms of an AP are given and the
common difference is not given.
Now we return to the question that was posed to us in the beginning. The amount of money
(in Rs) in the money box of Shakila’s daughter on 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th birthday, . . ., were 100, 150,
200, 250, . . ., respectively.
This is an AP. We have to find the total money collected on her 21st birthday, i.e., the sum
of the first 21 terms of this AP.

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n+¿£çXâ&óƒT\T 129

eTq+ Å£L&† a, a + d, a + 2d, . . . çXâ&ýó Ë n |Ÿ<‘\ yîTTԐ ¿£qT>=qT³Å£” ™|Õ |Ÿ<ÜƊ Hû bÍ{ì<‘Ý+.
™|Õ çXâ&ó jîTT¿£Ø n e |Ÿ<eŠ TT a + (n – 1) d. n>·TqT. ™|Õ n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë n |Ÿ<‘\ yîTTÔáeï TT S nqT¿=“q
S = a + (a + d ) + (a + 2d ) + . . . + [a + (n – 1) d ] (1)
eTsÁý² |Ÿ<‘\qT yîqT¿£qT+& esÁTdŸç¿£eT+ýËeT çyjáT>±
S = [a + (n – 1) d ] + [a + (n – 2) d ] + . . . + (a + d ) + a (2)
(1) eT]jáTT (2) \qT ¿£\T|Ÿ>±,
[2a + (n - 1)d ] + [2a + (n - 1)d ] + ...+ [2a + (n - 1)d ] + [2a + (n - 1)d ]
2S =
n kÍsTÁ¢

ýñ<‘, 2S = n [2a + (n – 1) d ] (n |Ÿ<‘\T ¿£\eÚ ¿±eÚq)

n
ýñ<‘, S = 2
[2a + (n – 1) d ]

ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë yîTT<Š{ì n |Ÿ<‘\ yîTTÔáïeTT

n
S= [2a + (n – 1) d ]
2
n
S= [a + a + (n – 1) d ] >± Å£L&† sjáTe#áTÌ
2
n
i.e., S= (a + an ) (3)
2
ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë ¿¹ e\+ n |Ÿ<‘\T eÖçÔáyTû –q• n|ŸÚ&ƒT an = l, (ºe] |Ÿ<eŠ TT) n>·TqT
(3) qT+&, eTq+ #áÖ&ƒe#áTÌ
n
S= (a + l ) (4)
2

ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&ýó Ë yîTT<Š{ì |Ÿ<ŠeTT, ºe] |Ÿ<ŠeTT\T eÖçÔáyûT Ôî*d¾ kÍeÖq« uñ<óŠ+ Ôî*jáTq|ŸÚ&ƒT ‡ dŸÖçÔá+
–|ŸjÖî >·|&Ÿ Tƒ qT.
Ü]Ð eTq+ yîTT<Š{Ë¢ yûdTŸ Å£”q• ç|ŸX•ø qT |Ÿ]o*<‘Ý+. wŸ¿ý¡ ² Å£LÔáTsÁT jîTT¿£Ø 1e, 2e, 3e, 4e .... |ŸÚ{ìq¼ sÃEq
™|fɼýË –+#û kõeTTˆ esÁTdŸ>± 100, 150, 200, 250 .......
‚~ ÿ¿£ n+¿£çXâ&.ó eTqeTT wŸ¿ý¡ ² Å£LÔáTsÁT jîTT¿£Ø 21e |ŸÚ{ìq¼ sÃE nq+ÔáseÁ TT ™|fÉý¼ ˓ yîTTÔá+ï kõeTTˆqT
¿£qT>=H*. nq>± n+¿£çXâDýì Ë yîTT<Š{ì 21 |Ÿ<‘\ yîTTԐ ¿£qT>=H*.

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130 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

Here, a = 100, d = 50 and n = 21. Using the formula :

n
S= [ 2a + (n - 1) d ] ,
2

21 21
we have S= [ 2 ´ 100 + (21 - 1) ´ 50] = [ 200 + 1000]
2 2

21
= ´ 1200 = 12600
2
So, the amount of money collected on her 21st birthday is ` 12600.
Hasn’t the use of the formula made it much easier to solve the problem?
We also use Sn in place of S to denote the sum of first n terms of the AP. We write S20 to
denote the sum of the first 20 terms of an AP. The formula for the sum of the first n terms
involves four quantities S, a, d and n. If we know any three of them, we can find the fourth.
Remark : The nth term of an AP is the difference of the sum to first n terms and the sum to
first (n – 1) terms of it, i.e., an = Sn – Sn – 1.
Let us consider some examples.

Example 11 : Find the sum of the first 22 terms of the AP : 8, 3, –2, . . .

Solution : Here, a = 8, d = 3 – 8 = –5, n = 22.
We know that
n
S= [ 2a + (n - 1) d ]
2
22
Therefore, S= [16 + 21 (-5)] = 11(16 – 105) = 11(–89) = – 979
2
So, the sum of the first 22 terms of the AP is – 979.

Example 12 : If the sum of the first 14 terms of an AP is 1050 and its first term is 10, find the
20th term.
Solution : Here, S14 = 1050, n = 14, a = 10.
n
As Sn = [ 2a + (n - 1)d ] ,
2
14
so, 1050 = [ 20 + 13d ] = 140 + 91d
2

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