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WPE - Mains

The document contains a series of physics problems and questions related to work done by forces, energy, and motion. It includes multiple-choice questions with answers regarding concepts such as gravitational force, kinetic energy, and the effects of force on displacement. The problems cover various scenarios involving different masses, angles, and forces, testing the understanding of work and energy principles.

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bachelorboy1098
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
29 views10 pages

WPE - Mains

The document contains a series of physics problems and questions related to work done by forces, energy, and motion. It includes multiple-choice questions with answers regarding concepts such as gravitational force, kinetic energy, and the effects of force on displacement. The problems cover various scenarios involving different masses, angles, and forces, testing the understanding of work and energy principles.

Uploaded by

bachelorboy1098
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Work Done by Constant Force 10.

A body of mass 10 kg is dropped to the ground from a height


of 10 metres. The work done by the gravitational force is
1. A body of mass m is moving in a circle of radius r with a (g = 9 . 8 m / sec 2 )
mv 2
constant speed v. The force on the body is and is (a) – 490 Joules (b) + 490 Joules
r
(c) – 980 Joules (d) + 980 Joules
directed towards the centre. What is the work done by this
force in moving the body over half the circumference of the 11. Which of the following is a scalar quantity
circle (a) Displacement (b) Electric field
mv 2 mv 2 r 2 (c) Acceleration (d) Work
(a) (b) Zero (c) (d)
r 2
r 2
mv 2 12. The work done in pulling up a block of wood weighing 2 kN
2. If the unit of force and length each be increased by four times, for a length of 10m on a smooth plane inclined at an angle of
then the unit of energy is increased by 15° with the horizontal is
(a) 16 times (b) 8 times (a) 4.36 kJ (b) 5.17 kJ
(c) 2 times (d) 4 times (c) 8.91 kJ (d) 9.82 kJ
3. A man pushes a wall and fails to displace it. He does 
13. ˆ
A force F = 5ˆi + 6 ˆj − 4 k acting on a body, produces a
(a) Negative work   
(b) Positive but not maximum work displacement s = 6 i + 5k . Work done by the force is
(c) No work at all (a) 18 units (b) 15 units
(d) Maximum work (c) 12 units (d) 10 units
4. The same retarding force is applied to stop a train. The train 14. A force of 5 N acts on a 15 kg body initially at rest. The work
stops after 80 m. If the speed is doubled, then the distance done by the force during the first second of motion of the body
will be is
(a) The same (b) Doubled 5
(c) Halved (d) Four times (a) 5 J (b) J (c)6 J (d) 75 J
6
5. A body moves a distance of 10 m along a straight line under
15. A force of 5 N, making an angle  with the horizontal, acting
the action of a force of 5 N. If the work done is 25 joules, the
angle which the force makes with the direction of motion of on an object displaces it by 0.4 m along the horizontal
the body is direction. If the object gains kinetic energy of 1J, the
horizontal component of the force is
(a) 0° (b) 30°
(a) 1.5 N (b) 2.5 N
(c) 60° (d) 90°
(c) 3.5 N (d) 4.5 N
6. You lift a heavy book from the floor of the room and keep it
in the book-shelf having a height 2 m. In this process you take 16. The work done against gravity in taking 10 kg mass at 1m
5 seconds. The work done by you will depend upon height in 1sec will be
(a) Mass of the book and time taken (a) 49 J (b) 98 J
(b) Weight of the book and height of the book-shelf (c) 196 J (d) None of these
(c) Height of the book-shelf and time taken 17. The energy which an e − acquires when accelerated through
(d) Mass of the book, height of the book-shelf and time a potential difference of 1 volt is called
taken (a) 1 Joule (b) 1 Electron volt
7. A body of mass m kg is lifted by a man to a height of one (c) 1 Erg (d) 1 Watt.
metre in 30 sec. Another man lifts the same mass to the same 18. A body of mass 6kg is under a force which causes
height in 60 sec. The work done by them are in the ratio t2
displacement in it given by S = metres where t is time.
4
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 1 The work done by the force in 2 seconds is
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 4 : 1 (a) 12 J (b) 9 J
(c) 6 J (d) 3 J
8. A force F = (5ˆi + 3 ˆj ) newton is applied over a particle
19. A body of mass 10kg at rest is acted upon simultaneously by
which displaces it from its origin to the point r = (2ˆi − 1 ˆj ) two forces 4 N and 3N at right angles to each other. The
metres. The work done on the particle is kinetic energy of the body at the end of 10 sec is
(a) – 7 joules (b) + 13 joules (a) 100 J (b) 300 J
(c) + 7 joules (d) + 11 joules (c) 50 J (d) 125 J
20. A cylinder of mass 10kg is sliding on a plane with an initial
9. A force acts on a 30 gm particle in such a way that the
velocity of 10m/s. If coefficient of friction between surface
position of the particle as a function of time is given by
and cylinder is 0.5, then before stopping it will describe
x = 3 t − 4 t 2 + t 3 , where x is in metres and t is in seconds.
(a) 12.5 m (b) 5 m
The work done during the first 4 seconds is
(c) 7.5 m (d) 10 m
(a) 5.28 J (b) 450 mJ
21. A force of (3 ˆi + 4 ˆj) Newton acts on a body and displaces it
(c) 490 mJ (d) 530 mJ
by (3 ˆi + 4ˆj)m. The work done by the force is
(a) 10 J (b) 12 J
(c) 16 J (d) 25 J 33. A ball of mass m moves with speed v and strikes a wall
22. A 50kg man with 20kg load on his head climbs up 20 steps having infinite mass and it returns with same speed then the
of 0.25m height each. The work done in climbing is work done by the ball on the wall is
(a) 5 J (b) 350 J (a) Zero (b) mv J
(c) 100 J (d) 3430 J (c) m/v.J (d) v/m J
ˆ ˆ ˆ 
23. A force F = 6i + 2 j − 3k acts on a particle and produces a 34. ˆ ˆ ˆ
A force F = (5 i + 3 j + 2k )N is applied over a particle which

displacement of s = 2ˆi − 3 ˆj + x kˆ . If the work done is zero, displaces it from its origin to the point r = (2ˆi − ˆj)m . The
the value of x is work done on the particle in joules is
(a) – 2 (b) 1/2 (a) – 7 (b) +7
(c) 6 (d) 2 (c) +10 (d) +13

24. A particle moves from position r1 = 3ˆi + 2ˆj − 6kˆ to position 35. The kinetic energy acquired by a body of mass m is travelling
 some distance s, starting from rest under the actions of a
r2 = 14ˆi + 13 ˆj + 9kˆ under the action of force 4ˆi + ˆj + 3kˆ N . constant force, is directly proportional to
The work done will be (a) m 0 (b) m
(a) 100 J (b) 50 J
2
(c) 200 J (d) 75 J (c) m (d) m
  
25. ˆ ˆ ˆ
A force (F) = 3 i + cj + 2k acting on a particle causes a 36. If a force F = 4ˆi + 5 ˆj causes a displacement s = 3ˆi + 6kˆ ,
 work done is
displacement: (s ) = −4ˆi + 2ˆj + 3kˆ in its own direction. If the
(a) 4  6 unit (b) 6  3 unit
work done is 6 J , then the value of 'c' is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 5  6 unit (d) 4  3 unit
(c) 6 (d) 12 37. A man starts walking from a point on the surface of earth
26. In an explosion a body breaks up into two pieces of unequal (assumed smooth) and reaches diagonally opposite point.
masses. In this What is the work done by him
(a) Both parts will have numerically equal momentum (a) Zero (b) Positive
(b) Lighter part will have more momentum (c) Negative (d) Nothing can be said
(c) Heavier part will have more momentum 38. It is easier to draw up a wooden block along an inclined plane
(d) Both parts will have equal kinetic energy than to haul it vertically, principally because
27. Which of the following is a unit of energy (a) The friction is reduced
(a) Unit (b) Watt (b) The mass becomes smaller
(c) Horse Power (d) None (c) Only a part of the weight has to be overcome
28. If force and displacement of particle in direction of force are (d) ‘g’ becomes smaller
doubled. Work would be
39. Two bodies of masses 1 kg and 5 kg are dropped gently from
(a) Double (b) 4 times
the top of a tower. At a point 20 cm from the ground, both the
1 bodies will have the same
(c) Half (d) times
4 (a) Momentum (b) Kinetic energy
29. A body of mass 5 kg is placed at the origin, and can move (c) Velocity (d) Total energy
only on the x-axis. A force of 10 N is acting on it in a direction
making an angle of 60 o with the x-axis and displaces it 40. Due to a force of (6ˆi + 2 ˆj)N the displacement of a body is
along the x-axis by 4 metres. The work done by the force is (3ˆi − ˆj)m , then the work done is
(a) 2.5 J (b) 7.25 J (a) 16 J (b) 12 J
(c) 40 J (d) 20 J
(c) 8 J (d) Zero
30. A force F = (5ˆi + 4 ˆj) N acts on a body and produces a 41. A ball is released from the top of a tower. The ratio of work
done by force of gravity in first, second and third second of
displacement S = (6ˆi − 5 ˆj + 3kˆ ) m. The work done will be
the motion of the ball is
(a) 10 J (b) 20 J
(a) 1 : 2 : 3 (b) 1 : 4 : 9
(c) 30 J (d) 40 J
(c) 1 : 3 : 5 (d) 1 : 5 : 3
31. A uniform chain of length 2m is kept on a table such that a
length of 60cm hangs freely from the edge of the table. The KEY
total mass of the chain is 4kg. What is the work done in 1 b 2 a 3 c 4 d 5 c
pulling the entire chain on the table 6 b 7 b 8 c 9 a 10 d
(a) 7.2 J (b) 3.6 J 11 d 12 b 13 d 14 b 15 b
(c) 120 J (d) 1200 J
16 b 17 b 18 d 19 d 20 d
32. A particle is acted upon by a force of constant magnitude
which is always perpendicular to the velocity of the particle, 21 d 22 d 23 d 24 a 25 c
the motion of the particle takes place in a plane. It follows 26 a 27 d 28 b 29 d 30 a
that 31 b 32 c 33 a 34 b 35 a
(a) Its velocity is constant (b) Its acceleration is constant
36 d 37 a 38 c 39 c 40 a
(c) Its kinetic energy is constant
(d) It moves in a straight line 41 c
1 1
HINTS Kinetic energy = mv 2 = m (at)2 = 125 J
2 2
1. (b) Work done by centripetal force is always zero, because force u2 10  10
and instantaneous displacement are always perpendicular. 20. (d) s= = = 10 m
2 g 2  0.5  10
W = F.s = Fs cos  = Fs cos(90 ) = 0
21. (d) W = F.s = (3ˆi + 4 ˆj).(3ˆi + 4 ˆj) = 9 + 16 = 25 J
2. (a) Work = Force × Displacement (length)
If unit of force and length be increased by four times then the 22. (d) Total mass = (50 + 20) = 70 kg
unit of energy will increase by 16 times. Total height = 20 × 0.25 = 5m
3. (c) No displacement is there.  Work done = mgh = 70 × 9.8 × 5 = 3430 J

4. 2
(d) Stopping distance S  u . If the speed is doubled then the 23. (d) W = F.s = (6ˆi + 2ˆj − 3kˆ ).(2ˆi − 3ˆj + xkˆ ) = 0
stopping distance will be four times.
12 − 6 − 3 x = 0  x = 2
W 25 1
5. (c) W = Fs cos   cos  = = =   = 60  24. (a) W = F.(r2 − r1 ) = (4ˆi + ˆj + 3kˆ )(11ˆi + 11 ˆj + 15 kˆ )
Fs 50 2
6. (b) Work done = Force × displacement W = 44 + 11 + 45 = 100 Joule
= Weight of the book × Height of the book shelf
25. (c) W = (3ˆi + cˆj + 2kˆ ).(−4ˆi + 2ˆj + 3kˆ ) = 6 J
7. (b) Work done does not depend on time.
W = −12 + 2c + 6 = 6  c = 6
8. (c) W = F.s = (5ˆi + 3ˆj).(2ˆi − ˆj) = 10 – 3 = 7 J
26. (a) Both part will have numerically equal momentum and lighter
dx part will have more velocity.
9. (a) v= = 3 − 8 t + 3t 2
dt 27. (d) Watt and Horsepower are the unit of power
 v0 = 3 m / s and v4 = 19 m/s 28. (b) Work = Force × Displacement
If force and displacement both are doubled then work would be
1 four times.
W = m (v 42 − v 02 ) (According to work energy theorem)
2 29. (d) W = FS cos  = 10  4  cos 60  = 20 Joule
1
=  0 .03  (19 2 − 3 2 ) = 5 .28 J 30. (a) W = F.s = (5ˆi + 4 ˆj).(6ˆi − 5ˆj + 3kˆ ) = 30 − 20 = 10 J
2
10. (d) As the body moves in the direction of force therefore work done 31. (b) Fraction of length of the chain hanging from the table
by gravitational force will be positive. 1 60 cm 3 10
= = =  n=
W = Fs = mgh = 10  9 .8  10 = 980 J n 200 cm 10 3
11. (d) s Work done in pulling the chain on the table
12. (b) W = mg sin   s mgL 4  10  2
W = = = 3 .6 J
m 2n 2 2  (10 /3)2
= 2  10 3  sin 15   10 mg sin 
= 5.17 kJ
 L/
n
13. (d) W = F.s = (5ˆi + 6ˆj − 4 kˆ ).(6ˆi + 5kˆ ) = 30 − 20 = 10
units
1 2  1  32.
14. (b) W = Fs = F  at from s = ut + at 2  (c) When a force of constant magnitude which is perpendicular to
2  2  the velocity of particle acts on a particle, work done is zero and
hence change in kinetic energy is zero.
 1  F  2  F 2 t 2 25  (1)2 25 5
 W = F  t  = = = = J 33. (a) The ball rebounds with the same speed. So change in it's Kinetic
2  m   2m 2  15 30 6 energy will be zero i.e. work done by the ball on the wall is
zero.
15. (b) Work done on the body = K.E. gained by the body
1 1 34. (b) W = F.r = (5ˆi + 3 ˆj + 2kˆ ).(2ˆi − ˆj) = 10 − 3 = 7 J
Fs cos  = 1  F cos  = = = 2 .5 N
s 0 .4 35. (a) K.E. acquired by the body = work done on the body
16. (b) Work done = mgh = 10  9.8  1 = 98 J 1
K . E. = mv 2 = Fs i.e. it does not depend upon the mass of the
17. (b) 2
body although velocity depends upon the mass
t2 t
18. (d) s=  ds = dt 1
4 2 2
v  [If F and s are constant]
m
md s 6 d  t 
2 2 2
F = ma = = 2   = 3N 36. (d) W = F.s = (4ˆi + 5ˆj + 0kˆ ).(3ˆi + 0ˆj + 6kˆ ) = 4  3 units
dt 2 dt  4 
Now
37. (a) As surface is smooth so work done against friction is zero. Also
2
the displacement and force of gravity are perpendicular so work

W = 
2
F ds = 
2
3
t
2
dt =
3
2
t2  3
2 2

  = (2) − (0) = 3 J 38. (c)
done against gravity is zero.
Opposing force in vertical pulling = mg
0 0  2  0 4
But opposing force on an inclined plane is mg sin, which is
19. (d) Net force on body = 4 2 + 32 = 5 N less than mg.
2 39. (c) Velocity of fall is independent of the mass of the falling body.
 a = F / m = 5 / 10 = 1 / 2 m /s
40. (a) Work done = F.s
= (6ˆi + 2ˆj)  (3ˆi − ˆj) = 6  3 − 2  1 = 18 − 2 = 16 J (a) 2 J (b) 3.8 J
(c) 5.2 J (d) 24 J
41. (c) When the ball is released from the top of tower then ratio of
distances covered by the ball in first, second and third second 10. The force constant of a wire is k and that of another wire is
hI : hII : hIII = 1 : 3 : 5 : [because hn  (2n − 1)] 2k . When both the wires are stretched through same
distance, then the work done
 Ratio of work done mgh I : mgh II : mgh III = 1:3:5
(a) W2 = 2W12 (b) W2 = 2W1
Work Done by Variable Force (c) W2 = W1 (d) W2 = 0.5W1
11. A body of mass 0.1 kg moving with a velocity of 10 m/s hits
1. A particle moves under the effect of a force F = Cx from x =
a spring (fixed at the other end) of force constant 1000 N/m
0 to x = x 1 . The work done in the process is
and comes to rest after compressing the spring. The
1 compression of the spring is
(a) Cx 12 (b) Cx 12
2 (a) 0.01 m (b) 0.1 m
(c) Cx 1 (d) Zero
(c) 0.2 m (d) 0.5 m
2. A cord is used to lower vertically a block of mass M by a
g 12. When a 1.0kg mass hangs attached to a spring of length 50
distance d with constant downward acceleration . Work cm, the spring stretches by 2 cm. The mass is pulled down
4
until the length of the spring becomes 60 cm. What is the
done by the cord on the block is
amount of elastic energy stored in the spring in this condition,
d d if g = 10 m/s2
(a) Mg (b) 3 Mg
4 4
(a) 1.5 Joule (b) 2.0 Joule
d
(c) − 3 Mg (d) Mgd (c) 2.5 Joule (d) 3.0 Joule
4
13. A spring of force constant 800 N/m has an extension of 5cm.
3. Two springs have their force constant as k1 and k 2 (k1  k 2 ) The work done in extending it from 5cm to 15 cm is
. When they are stretched by the same force (a) 16 J (b) 8 J
(a) No work is done in case of both the springs
(c) 32 J (d) 24 J
(b) Equal work is done in case of both the springs
14. When a spring is stretched by 2 cm, it stores 100 J of energy.
(c) More work is done in case of second spring
If it is stretched further by 2 cm, the stored energy will be
(d) More work is done in case of first spring
increased by
4. A spring of force constant 10 N/m has an initial stretch 0.20
m. In changing the stretch to 0.25 m, the increase in potential (a) 100 J (b) 200 J
energy is about (c) 300 J (d) 400 J
(a) 0.1 joule (b) 0.2 joule 15. A spring when stretched by 2 mm its potential energy
(c) 0.3 joule (d) 0.5 joule becomes 4 J. If it is stretched by 10 mm, its potential energy
5. The potential energy of a certain spring when stretched is equal to
through a distance ‘S’ is 10 joule. The amount of work (in (a) 4 J (b) 54 J
joule) that must be done on this spring to stretch it through an
(c) 415 J (d) None
additional distance ‘S’ will be
(a) 30 (b) 40 16. A spring of spring constant 5  103 N/m is stretched initially
by 5cm from the unstretched position. Then the work
(c) 10 (d) 20
required to stretch it further by another 5 cm is
6. Two springs of spring constants 1500 N/m and 3000 N/m
respectively are stretched with the same force. They will have (a) 6.25 N-m (b) 12.50 N-m
potential energy in the ratio (c) 18.75 N-m (d) 25.00 N-m
(a) 4 : 1 (b) 1 : 4 17. A mass of 0.5kg moving with a speed of 1.5 m/s on a
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 2 horizontal smooth surface, collides with a nearly weightless
7. A spring 40 mm long is stretched by the application of a spring of force constant k = 50 N / m . The maximum
force. If 10 N force required to stretch the spring through 1 compression of the spring would be
mm, then work done in stretching the spring through 40 mm
(a) 0.15 m (b) 0.12 m
is
(c) 1.5 m (d) 0.5 m
(a) 84 J (b) 68 J
18. A particle moves in a straight line with retardation
(c) 23 J (d) 8 J
proportional to its displacement. Its loss of kinetic energy for
8. A position dependent force F = 7 − 2 x + 3 x 2 newton acts any displacement x is proportional to
on a small body of mass 2 kg and displaces it from x = 0 to (a) x 2 (b) e x
x = 5 m . The work done in joules is (c) x (d) log e x
(a) 70 (b) 270
19. A spring with spring constant k when stretched through 1 cm,
(c) 35 (d) 135 the potential energy is U. If it is stretched by 4 cm. The
9. A body of mass 3 kg is under a force, which causes a potential energy will be
t3 (a) 4U (b) 8U
displacement in it is given by S = (in m). Find the work
3 (c) 16 U (d) 2U
done by the force in first 2 seconds
20. A spring with spring constant k is extended from x = 0 to 2. (c) When the block moves vertically downward with acceleration
x = x 1 . The work done will be g T
then tension in the cord
1 2 4
(a) kx 12 (b) kx 1 (c) 2kx 12 (d) 2kx 1
2  g 3
T = M  g −  = Mg
21. If a long spring is stretched by 0.02 m, its potential energy is  4  4
U. If the spring is stretched by 0.1 m, then its potential energy d
Work done by the cord = F.s = Fs cos 
will be
 3 Mg  d
U = Td cos(180 ) = −   d = −3 Mg
(a) (b) U  4  4
5
(c) 5U (d) 25U F2
3. (c) W=
22. Natural length of a spring is 60 cm, and its spring constant is 2k
4000 N/m. A mass of 20 kg is hung from it. The extension 1
If both springs are stretched by same force then W 
produced in the spring is, (Take g = 9 . 8 m / s 2 ) k
(a) 4.9 cm (b) 0.49 cm As k1  k 2 therefore W1  W2
(c) 9.4 cm (d) 0.94 cm i.e. more work is done in case of second spring.
23. The spring extends by x on loading, then energy stored by the 1 1
4. (a) P.E. = k (x 22 − x12 ) =  10 [(0 .25 )2 − (0 .20 )2 ]
spring is : 2 2
(if T is the tension in spring and k is spring constant) = 5  0.45  0.05 = 0.1 J
T2 T2 1 2
(a) (b) 5. (a) kS = 10 J (given in the problem)
2k 2k 2 2

(c)
T
2k
2
(d)
2T 2
k
1
2
 
1
k (2 S )2 − (S )2 = 3  kS 2 = 3 × 10 = 30 J
2
24. The potential energy of a body is given by, U F2 U k
2 6. (c) U=  1 = 2 (if force are same)
= A − Bx (Where x is the displacement). The magnitude of 2k U 2 k1
force acting on the particle is
U1 3000 2
(a) Constant (b) Proportional to x  = =
U 2 1500 1
(c) Proportional to x 2
F 10
(d) Inversely proportional to x 7. (d) Here k = = = 10 4 N / m
x 1  10 − 3
25. The potential energy between two atoms in a molecule is
a b 1 2 1
given by U( x ) = 12 − 6 ; where a and b are positive W = kx =  10 4  (40  10 − 3 )2 = 8 J
x x 2 2
5 5
constants and x is the distance between the atoms. The atom
is in stable equilibrium when 8. (d) W = 
0

Fdx = (7 − 2 x + 3 x 2 ) dx = [7 x − x 2 + x 3 ]50
0
11 a a
(a) x =6 (b) x =6 = 35 – 25 + 125 = 135 J
5b 2b
t3 2
9. (d) S =  dS = t dt
2a 3
(c) x =0 (d) x =6
b d 2S d 2  t3 
26. Which one of the following is not a conservative force a= 2
= 2   = 2 t m /s 2
dt dt  3 
(a) Gravitational force
2 2
(b) Electrostatic force between two charges Now work done by the force W =  F.dS =  ma.dS
(c) Magnetic force between two magnetic dipoles 0 0
(d) Frictional force
 
2 2
3 4 2
 3  2t  t dt =  6 t dt = 2 t
2 3
KEY 0 = 24 J
0 0

1 b 2 c 3 c 4 a 5 a 1 2
10. (b) W= kx
2
6 c 7 d 8 d 9 d 10 b
If both wires are stretched through same distance then W  k
11 b 12 c 13 b 14 c 15 d
. As k 2 = 2k1 so W2 = 2W1
16 c 17 a 18 a 19 c 20 b
21 d 22 a 23 a 24 b 25 d 1 1 m 0 .1
11. (b) mv 2 = kx 2  x = v = 10 = 0.1 m
2 2 k 1000
26 d
12. (c) Force constant of a spring
HINTS F mg 1  10
k= = =  k = 500 N /m
x1 x x 2  10 − 2
x1 x1
x2  1
1. (b) W  F.dx =  Cx dx = C   = Cx 12 Increment in the length = 60 – 50 = 10 cm
2
  0 2
0 0 1 2 1
U= kx = 500 (10  10 − 2 )2 = 2 .5 J
2 2
1 1 (a) m1 : m 2 (b) m2 : m1
13. (b) W= k (x 22 − x12 ) =  800  (15 2 − 5 2 )  10 − 4
2 2
(c) m1 : m 2 (d) m 12 : m 22
=8J
2. Work done in raising a box depends on
1 2
14. (c) 100 = kx (given) (a) How fast it is raised
2
(b) The strength of the man
1 1 (c) The height by which it is raised
W= k (x 22 − x 12 ) = k [(2 x )2 − x 2 ]
2 2 (d) None of the above
1  3. A light and a heavy body have equal momenta. Which one
= 3   kx 2  = 3  100 = 300 J
2  has greater K.E
(a) The light body (b) The heavy body
1 2
15. (d) U= kx if x becomes 5 times then energy will become 25 (c) The K.E. are equal (d) Data is incomplete
2
4. A body at rest may have
times i.e. 4  25 = 100 J
(a) Energy (b) Momentum
1 1 (c) Speed (d) Velocity
16. (c) W = k (x 22 − x 12 ) =  5  10 3 (10 2 − 5 2 )  10 − 4
2 2 5. The kinetic energy possessed by a body of mass m moving
= 18 .75 J 1
with a velocity v is equal to mv 2 , provided
17. (a) The kinetic energy of mass is converted into potential energy of 2
a spring (a) The body moves with velocities comparable to that of
1 1 light
mv 2 = kx 2 
2 2 (b) The body moves with velocities negligible compared to
the speed of light
mv 2 0 .5  (1 .5)2
x= = = 0 .15 m (c) The body moves with velocities greater than that of light
k 50
(d) None of the above statement is correcst
18. (a) This condition is applicable for simple harmonic motion. As
particle moves from mean position to extreme position its
6. If the momentum of a body is increased n times, its kinetic
energy increases
1 2
potential energy increases according to expression U = kx (a) n times (b) 2n times
2
and accordingly kinetic energy decreases. (c) n times (d) n 2 times
1 2 7. When work is done on a body by an external force, its
19. (c) Potential energy U = kx
2 (a) Only kinetic energy increases
2 (b) Only potential energy increases
 U  x [if k = constant]
If elongation made 4 times then potential energy will become (c) Both kinetic and potential energies may increase
16 times. (d) Sum of kinetic and potential energies remains constant
20. (b)
2
8. The bob of a simple pendulum (mass m and length l) dropped
2
U2  x 2 
 = 
0.1  from a horizontal position strikes a block of the same mass
21. (d) Ux 2
 =  = 25 
U1  x 1   0 .02  elastically placed on a horizontal frictionless table. The K.E.
of the block will be
U2 = 25 U
(a) 2 mgl (b) mgl/2
22. (a) If x is the extension produced in spring.
(c) mgl (d) 0
F mg 20  9 .8
F = kx  x = = = = 4 .9 cm 9. From a stationary tank of mass 125000 pound a small shell
k k 4000
of mass 25 pound is fired with a muzzle velocity of 1000
F2 T 2 ft/sec. The tank recoils with a velocity of
23. (a) U= =
2k 2k (a) 0.1 ft/sec (b) 0.2 ft/sec
dU (c) 0.4 ft/sec (d) 0.8 ft/sec
24. (b) U = A − Bx 2  F = − = 2 Bx  F  x
dx 10. A bomb of 12 kg explodes into two pieces of masses 4 kg
dU and 8 kg. The velocity of 8kg mass is 6 m/sec. The kinetic
25. (d) Condition for stable equilibrium F = − =0
dx energy of the other mass is
d  a b  (a) 48 J (b) 32 J
 − − 6  = 0  − 12 ax −13 + 6 bx −7 = 0
dx  x 12 x  (c) 24 J (d) 288 J
11. A rifle bullet loses 1/20th of its velocity in passing through a
12 a 6 b 2a 2a plank. The least number of such planks required just to stop
 13 = 7  = x6  x = 6
x x b b the bullet is
26. (d) Friction is a non-conservative force. (a) 5 (b) 10
(c) 11 (d) 20
Conservation of Energy and Momentum - 1 12. A body of mass 2 kg is thrown up vertically with K.E. of 490
joules. If the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m / s 2 , then
1. Two bodies of masses m1 and m 2 have equal kinetic the height at which the K.E. of the body becomes half its
energies. If p1 and p2 are their respective momentum, then original value is given by
ratio p1 : p2 is equal to (a) 50 m (b) 12.5 m
(c) 25 m (d) 10 m (a) 8 m (b) 16 m
13. Two masses of 1 gm and 4 gm are moving with equal kinetic (c) 24 m (d) 32 m
energies. The ratio of the magnitudes of their linear momenta 24. Tripling the speed of the motor car multiplies the distance
is needed for stopping it by
(a) 4 : 1 (b) 2 :1 (a) 3 (b) 6
(c) 1 : 2 (d) 1 : 16 (c) 9 (d) Some other number
14. If the K.E. of a body is increased by 300%, its momentum 25. If the kinetic energy of a body increases by 0.1%, the percent
will increase by increase of its momentum will be
(a) 100% (b) 150% (a) 0.05% (b) 0.1%
(c) 1.0% (d) 10%
(c) 300 % (d) 175%
26. If velocity of a body is twice of previous velocity, then kinetic
15. A light and a heavy body have equal kinetic energy. Which energy will become
one has a greater momentum ?
1
(a) The light body (a) 2 times (b) times
(b) The heavy body 2
(c) Both have equal momentum (c) 4 times (d) 1 times
(d) It is not possible to say anything without additional 27. Two bodies A and B having masses in the ratio of 3 : 1
information possess the same kinetic energy. The ratio of their linear
16. If the linear momentum is increased by 50%, the kinetic momenta is then
energy will increase by (a) 3 : 1 (b) 9 : 1
(a) 50% (b) 100%
(c) 1 : 1 (d) 3 :1
(c) 125% (d) 25%
28. In which case does the potential energy decrease
17. A free body of mass 8 kg is travelling at 2 meter per second
in a straight line. At a certain instant, the body splits into two (a) On compressing a spring
equal parts due to internal explosion which releases 16 joules (b) On stretching a spring
of energy. Neither part leaves the original line of motion (c) On moving a body against gravitational force
finally (d) On the rising of an air bubble in water
(a) Both parts continue to move in the same direction as that 29. A sphere of mass m, moving with velocity V, enters a
of the original body hanging bag of sand and stops. If the mass of the bag is M
(b) One part comes to rest and the other moves in the same and it is raised by height h, then the velocity of the sphere was
direction as that of the original body
(c) One part comes to rest and the other moves in the M +m M
(a) 2 gh (b) 2 gh
direction opposite to that of the original body m m
(d) One part moves in the same direction and the other in m m
the direction opposite to that of the original body (c) 2 gh (d) 2 gh
M +m M
18. If the K.E. of a particle is doubled, then its momentum will
30. Two bodies of masses m and 2m have same momentum.
(a) Remain unchanged (b) Be doubled
Their respective kinetic energies E1 and E 2 are in the ratio
(c) Be quadrupled (d) Increase 2 times
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1
19. If the stone is thrown up vertically and return to ground, its
potential energy is maximum (c) 1 : 2 (d) 1 : 4
(a) During the upward journey 31. If a lighter body (mass M1 and velocity V1 ) and a heavier
(b) At the maximum height body (mass M 2 and velocity V2 ) have the same kinetic
(c) During the return journey (d) At the bottom energy, then
20. A body of mass 2 kg is projected vertically upwards with a (a) M 2 V2  M1V1 (b) M 2 V2 = M1V1
velocity of 2 m sec −1 . The K.E. of the body just before
(c) M 2 V1 = M1V2 (d) M 2 V2  M1V1
striking the ground is
32. A frictionless track ABCDE ends in a circular loop of radius
(a) 2 J (b) 1 J
R. A body slides down the track from point A which is at a
(c) 4 J (d) 8 J
height h = 5 cm. Maximum value of R for the body to
21. The energy stored in wound watch spring is successfully complete the loop is
(a) K.E. (b) P.E. (a) 5 cm
(c) Heat energy (d) Chemical energy
15 A D
22. Two bodies of different masses m1 and m 2 have equal (b) cm
4
momenta. Their kinetic energies E1 and E2 are in the ratio 10 2R C
cm h
(c)
(a) m1 : m 2 (b) m1 : m2 3 E
(d) 2 cm B
(c) m2 : m1 (d) m 12 : m 22
33. The force constant of a weightless spring is 16 N/m. A body
23. A car travelling at a speed of 30 km/hour is brought to a halt of mass 1.0 kg suspended from it is pulled down through 5
in 8 m by applying brakes. If the same car is travelling at 60 cm and then released. The maximum kinetic energy of the
km/hour, it can be brought to a halt with the same braking system (spring + body) will be
force in
(a) 2  10 −2 J (b) 4  10 −2 J (a) 200 J (b) 400 J
(c) 600 J (d) 900 J
(c) 8  10 −2 J (d) 16  10 −2 J 44. If momentum is increased by 20%, then K.E. increases by
34. Two bodies with kinetic energies in the ratio of 4 : 1 are (a) 44% (b) 55%
moving with equal linear momentum. The ratio of their (c) 66% (d) 77%
masses is
45. The kinetic energy of a body of mass 2 kg and momentum of
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 1 2 Ns is
(c) 4 : 1 (d) 1 : 4 KEY
35. If the kinetic energy of a body becomes four times of its initial
value, then new momentum will 1 c 2 c 3 a 4 a 5 b
(a) Becomes twice its initial value 6 d 7 c 8 c 9 b 10 d
(b) Become three times its initial value 11 c 12 b 13 c 14 a 15 b

(c) Become four times its initial value 16 c 17 b 18 d 19 b 20 c

(d) Remains constant 21 b 22 c 23 d 24 c 25 a


26 c 27 d 28 d 29 a 30 b
36. A bullet is fired from a rifle. If the rifle recoils freely, then
the kinetic energy of the rifle is 31 d 32 d 33 a 34 d 35 a

(a) Less than that of the bullet 36 a 37 b 38 c 39 a 40 c

(b) More than that of the bullet 41 d 42 c 43 b 44 a 45 1

(c) Same as that of the bullet


HINTS
(d) Equal or less than that of the bullet
37. If the water falls from a dam into a turbine wheel 19.6 m P1 m1
below, then the velocity of water at the turbine is 1. (c) P = 2mE  P  m (if E = const.)  =
P2 m2
(g = 9 . 8 m / s 2 )
2. (c) Work in raising a box
(a) 9.8 m/s (b) 19.6 m/s = (weight of the box) × (height by which it is raised)
(c) 39.2 m/s (d) 98.0 m/s P2 1
3. (a) E= if P = constant then E 
38. Two bodies of masses 2m and m have their K.E. in the ratio 2m m
8 : 1, then their ratio of momenta is 4. (a) Body at rest may possess potential energy.
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1 5. (b) Due to theory of relativity.
(c) 4 : 1 (d) 8 : 1 P2 2
6. (d) E=  EP
39. A bomb of 12 kg divides in two parts whose ratio of masses 2m
is 1 : 3. If kinetic energy of smaller part is 216 J, then i.e. if P is increased n times then E will increase n2 times.
momentum of bigger part in kg-m/sec will be 7. (c)
(a) 36 (b) 72 8. (c) P.E. of bob at point A = mgl
(c) 108 (d) Data is incomplete This amount of energy will be converted into kinetic energy
 K.E. of bob at point B = mgl
40. A 4 kg mass and a 1 kg mass are moving with equal kinetic
energies. The ratio of the magnitudes of their linear momenta m A
is
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 1
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 4 : 1
m m
41. Two identical cylindrical vessels with their bases at same
B
level each contains a liquid of density . The height of the and as the collision between bob and block (of same mass) is
liquid in one vessel is h1 and that in the other vessel is h2 . elastic so after collision bob will come to rest and total Kinetic
energy will be transferred to block. So kinetic energy of block
The area of either base is A. The work done by gravity in = mgl
equalizing the levels when the two vessels are connected, is 9. (b) According to conservation of momentum
(a) (h1 − h2 )g (b) (h1 − h2 )gA Momentum of tank = Momentum of shell
125000 × vtank = 25 × 1000  vtank = 0.2 ft/sec.
1 1
(c) (h1 − h2 )2 gA  (d) (h1 − h2 )2 gA  10. (d) As the initial momentum of bomb was zero, therefore after
2 4 explosion two parts should possess numerically equal
42. If the increase in the kinetic energy of a body is 22%, then momentum
the increase in the momentum will be vA vB
(a) 22% (b) 44% 4kg 8kg
(c) 10% (d) 300% A B
i.e. m A v A = m B v B  4  v A = 8  6  v A = 12 m/s
43. If a body of mass 200 g falls from a height 200 m and its total
P.E. is converted into K.E. at the point of contact of the body 1
 Kinetic energy of other mass A, = m A v 2A
with earth surface, then what is the decrease in P.E. of the 2
body at the contact (g = 10 m / s 2 ) 1
=  4  (12 ) 2 = 288 J.
2
11. (c) Let the thickness of one plank is s 18. (d) P = 2 mE  P  E
if bullet enters with velocity u then it leaves with velocity
i.e. if kinetic energy of a particle is doubled the its momentum
 u  19
v = u − = u will becomes 2 times.
 20  20 19
u v= u 19. (b) Potential energy = mgh
2 20
from v = u 2 − 2as Potential energy is maximum when h is maximum
2
 19  400 u2 20. (c) If particle is projected vertically upward with velocity of 2m/s
  u  = u 2 − 2as  = s then it returns with the same velocity.
 20  39 2as
1 1
Now if the n planks are arranged just to stop the bullet then So its kinetic energy = mv 2 =  2  (2) 2 = 4 J
2 2 2 2
again from v = u − 2 as
21. (b)
0 = u 2 − 2ans
u v=0 P2
u 2
400 22. (c) E= if bodies possess equal linear momenta then
 n= = 2m
2as 39 1 E m
E i.e. 1 = 2
 n = 10 .25 m E2 m1
As the planks are more than 10 so we can consider nns= 11
23. (d) s  u 2 i.e. if speed becomes double then stopping distance
12. (b) Let h is that height at which the kinetic energy of the body
will become four times i.e. 8  4 = 32m
becomes half its original value i.e. half of its kinetic energy will
2
convert into potential energy 24. (c) s  u i.e. if speed becomes three times then distance needed
for stopping will be nine times.
490 490
 mgh =  2  9 .8  h =  h = 12 .5m. 25. (a) P = 2 mE  P  E
2 2
13. (c) P = 2mE . If E are same then P  m 1
Percentage increase in P = (percentage increase in E) =
2
P1 m1 1 1
 = = = 1
P2 m2 4 2 (0 . 1 %) = 0 . 05 %
2
14. (a) Let initial kinetic energy, E1 = E 1
26. (c) Kinetic energy = mv 2  K.E.  v2
Final kinetic energy, E2 = E + 300 % of E = 4E 2
If velocity is doubled then kinetic energy will become four
P E2 4E times.
As P  E 2 = = = 2  P2 = 2P1
P1 E1 E P1 m1
27. (d) P = 2mE  = (if E = constant)
 P2 = P1 + 100 % of P1 P2 m2
i.e. Momentum will increase by 100%. P1 3
 =
15. (b) P = 2mE if E are equal then P  m P2 1
i.e. heavier body will possess greater momentum. 28. (d) In compression or extension of a spring work is done against
16. (c) Let P1 = P , restoring force.
In moving a body against gravity work is done against
P1 3 P1 gravitational force of attraction.
P2 = P1 + 50 % of P1 = P1 + =
2 2 It means in all three cases potential energy of the system
2 2
increases.
E2  P2   3 P /2  9 But when the bubble rises in the direction of upthrust force then
E  P2  =  = 1  =
E1  P1 

 P 
 1  4 system works so the potential energy of the system decreases.
29. (a)
 E2 = 2.25 E = E1 + 1.25 E1
 E2 = E1 + 125 % of E1
m h
i.e. kinetic energy will increase by 125%. V M
m
17. (b)
2m/s v1 v2 By the conservation of linear momentum
8kg 4kg 4kg Initial momentum of sphere
Before After = Final momentum of system
As the body splits into two equal parts due to internal explosion mV = (m + M )v sy s.
explosion explosion
therefore momentum of system remains conserved i.e.
8  2 = 4v1 + 4v 2  v1 + v 2 = 4 …(i) …(i)
If the system rises up to height h then by the conservation of
By the law of conservation of energy energy
Initial kinetic energy + Energy released due to explosion 1 2
(m + M )v sy s. = (m + M )gh …(ii)
= Final kinetic energy of the system 2
1 1 1  v sy s. = 2 gh
  8  (2)2 + 16 = 4 v12 + 4 v 22
2 2 2
Substituting this value in equation (i)
2 2
 v1 + v 2 = 16 …(ii) m + M 
V =  2 gh
By solving eq. (i) and (ii) we get v1 = 4 and v 2 = 0  m 
i.e. one part comes to rest and other moves in the same direction P2 1
as that of original body. 30. (b) E= . If momentum are same then E 
2m m
E1 m 2 2m 2 (h1 + h 2 )
 = = = i.e. ( [as h = (h1 + h2 )/2]
E2 m1 m 1 4
Final potential energy of the system
31. (d) P = 2 mE . If kinetic energy are equal then P  m
 (h + h 2 )   h + h2 
i.e., heavier body posses large momentum UF =  1 A   g  1 
 2   4 
As M 1  M 2 therefore M 1 V1  M 2 V2
 (h + h2 )2 
32. (d) Condition for vertical looping = A g  1  …(ii)
5  4 
h = r = 5 cm  r = 2 cm
2 Work done by gravity
33. (a) Max. K.E. of the system = Max. P.E. of the system 1
W = Ui − U f = gA[2(h12 + h 22 ) − (h1 + h 2 ) 2 ]
1 2 1 4
kx = =  (16 )  (5  10 − 2 )2 = 2  10 − 2 J
2 2 1
= gA(h1 ~ h2 )2
p2
1 4
34. (d) E=  m (If momentum are constant)
2m E 42. (c) P = 2mE . If m is constant then
m1 E 1 P2 E2 1 .22 E P
= 2 = = =  2 = 1 .22 = 1 .1
m2 E1 4 P1 E1 E P1
35. (a) P = 2mE  P  E i.e. if kinetic energy becomes four  P2 = 1.1P1  P2 = P1 + 0.1P1 = P1 + 10 % of P1
time then new momentum will become twice.
So the momentum will increase by 10%
P2 1 43. (b) U = mgh = 0 . 2  10  200 = 400 J
36. (a) E= . If P = constant then E 
2m m  Gain in K.E. = decrease in P.E. = 400 J.
i.e. kinetic energy of heavier body will be less. As the mass of
gun is more than bullet therefore it possess less kinetic energy. P2 2
44. (a) E= . If m is constant then E  P
37. (b) Potential energy of water = kinetic energy at turbine 2m
2 2
1 E2  P2 
 = 
mgh = mv 2  v = 2 gh = 2  9.8  19 .6 = 19 .6 m/s 1.2 P 
 =  = 1 .44
2 E1  P1 
  P 
p1 m 1 E1 2 8 4  E 2 = 1.44 E1 = E1 + 0.44 E1
38. (c) p = 2mE  = =  =
p2 m 2 E2 1 1 1 E2 = E1 + 44 % of E1
39. (a) The bomb of mass 12kg divides into two masses i.e. the kinetic energy will increase by 44%
m1 and m2 then m1 + m 2 = 12 …(i)
P2 (2)2
45. (a) E= = = 1J
m1 1 2m 2  2
and = …(ii)
m2 3
by solving we get m1 = 3kg and m 2 = 9kg

1
Kinetic energy of smaller part = m 1v12 = 216 J
2
2 216  2
 v1 =  v1 = 12 m/s
3
So its momentum = m1v1 = 3  12 = 36 kg-m/s
As both parts possess same momentum therefore momentum of
each part is 36 kg-m/s

P1 m1 4
40. (c) P = 2mE . If E are const. then = = =2
P2 m2 1
41. (d)

h1 h2 h h
If h is the common height when they are connected, by
conservation of mass
A1 h1 + A 2 h2 = h( A1 + A 2 )
h = (h1 + h2 )/2 [as A1 = A 2 = A given]
As (h1/2) and (h2/2) are heights of initial centre of gravity of
liquid in two vessels., the initial potential energy of the system
h1 h (h 2 + h22 )
U i = (h1 A  )g + (h2 A  ) 2 =gA 1 ...(i)
2 2 2
When vessels are connected the height of centre of gravity of
liquid in each vessel will be h/2,

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