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Python 1

This document provides an introduction to programming with Python. It discusses what a program is, shows the skeleton and examples of simple Python programs to solve mathematical problems. It also covers basic Python concepts like variables, data types, operators, expressions, strings, comments, debugging. Examples of simple Python programs to calculate volume of a sphere, student marks average are presented. Finally, it provides some exercises for students to practice Python programming.

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Ashutosh Mishra
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
139 views

Python 1

This document provides an introduction to programming with Python. It discusses what a program is, shows the skeleton and examples of simple Python programs to solve mathematical problems. It also covers basic Python concepts like variables, data types, operators, expressions, strings, comments, debugging. Examples of simple Python programs to calculate volume of a sphere, student marks average are presented. Finally, it provides some exercises for students to practice Python programming.

Uploaded by

Ashutosh Mishra
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Programming with Python

K.K. Biswas, IIT Delhi

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PYTHON IS A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE


K.K. Biswas, IIT Delhi 16

What is a program?
Sequence of instructions to perform some computation q p p Example: A shirt costs Rs 250. How many shirts can one buy given Rs Rs 2350? What will be the balance amount left? Solution worked on paper: Shirts = 2360/250 = 9 (and some money left) Cost of shirts = 250 x 9 = 2250 Balance = Amount Cost of shirts = 100

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Skeleton of a program
Amount = 2360 Shirts = 2360/250 = 9 Cost of shirts = 250 x 9 = 2250 Balance = Amount Cost of shirts = 100

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a python program
a = 2360 c = 250 x=a/c t=c*x b = a t print b

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a better python program


amount = 2360 cost_ shirt = 250 shirts = amount / cost_ shirt hi hi total_cost = cost_ shirt * shirts balance = amount total_cost print balance

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variables in python
amount = 2360 amount ( Variable) 2360 ( value) Variable names amt, b, A, amount5, amt66 amount_given, num_boys, numgirls 23amount (WRONG !) can not start with a number high value (WRONG !) can not have a space also key words not allowed (See page 11 of Think Python )

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Data Types
236 5000 7.62 0.025 611285.3 ( ) (int) (int) (floating point) (floating point) (floating point) (string) (string) (string)

hello, world ! grade is fine grade fine my marks are

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Assignment Statements
The syntax of an assignment statement is that y g a variable is always on the left hand side of an equal sign, and the right hand side it could be
a value another variable an arithmetic expression

variable = expression amount = 2360 (this means, amount is assigned the value 2360) x = amount (this means, x is assigned the value held by amount)
K.K. Biswas, IIT Delhi 25

Assignment Statements
shirts = amount / cost_ shirt amount / cost_ shirt is an expression (this means, variable shirts is assigned the value of the above expression) total_cost = cost_ shirt * shirts cost shirt * shirts is another expression cost_

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Assignment Statements
age g = age + 1 g (this means age is assigned the value of the expression age + 1) You can write variable = variable x = age BUT you cannot write expression = variable age + 1 = age ( WRONG !)
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statements in python
profit = sale price cost price sale_price cost_price print profit

Statements
assignment statements print statements

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Operators and Operands


y=b+k ( b and k are called operands) z = y a w=y*z shirts = amount / cost_one shirts = 2360 / 250 (Note: INTEGER DIVISION, result is always an integer) = 9 and not 9 44 9.44 p = m ** 3 ( m raised to power 3) EXPONENTIATION

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Operators and Operands


How to get the remainder of a division operation? g p use the mod operator % a%b evaluates to the remainder of a divided by b. 13%5 = 3 19%6 = 1 14%7 = 0 19%200 = 19 23/6 = 3 23%6 = 5
K.K. Biswas, IIT Delhi 30

Order of Operations
The PEMDAS rule 6 + 8 * (3 + 7) 2 % 9 ** 4
Parenthesis are highest order P th i hi h t d Exponentiation Multiplication, Division, (Mod operators) ( ) Addition and Subtraction Operators with same precedence evaluated left to right
K.K. Biswas, IIT Delhi 31

Order of Operations
To handle the arithmetic expressions p p y, the computer p properly, p uses the following order of precedence while doing left to right evaluations. ( )
* / %

Operators with same precedence evaluated left to right


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solving a mathematical expression


7 / 3 * 1.2 + 3 / 2 7 / 3 * 1.2 + 3 / 2 1 2 2 * 1.2 + 3 / 2 2.4 2.4 + 3 / 2 + 3.4
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solving a mathematical expression


2 + 8 * (12 5 ) % 10 2+8* 7 % 10 2 + 56 % 10 2+6

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Handling int and float values


a=9 b=4 d = 10.0 e=4 c = a/b f=d+e g = d/b r=a*10/b 1.0 c=2 f = 14.0 g = 2.5 r = 2.25
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solving arithmetic expressions


Try to evaluate the following expressions 4 +6*2 4*6+2 49 / 6 + 1 8/2*6 8*2/6 8 73 % 9 / 3

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string operations
x = alpha alpha y = beta print x + y alphabeta print y * 3 betabetabeta

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The Comment statement Comment


comment statements are used to explain the program steps. p p g p Basic idea is to help the reader understand the code. Example: Suppose a student gets 43 marks out of 75 and we are computing percentage of marks obtained. ti t f k bt i d # this calculates percentage of marks percent = ( marks * 100) / 75 0 75.0 # marks is int value but percent is floating point percent = ( marks * 100) / 75.0 # percent is float value vel = 6 # velocity is in metres/sec
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sample program
Find the volume of a sphere with radius 5. An approximate value would do. r=5 pi = 3.14 PI r r volume = (4.0/3) *PI *r * r* r print volume

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sample program
A student gets 92, 72, 83, and 65 in Maths, English, Physics g , , , , g , y and Chemistry. Add 5 marks to science subjects and find the average marks obtained by him. math = 92 th eng = 72 phy = 83 chem = 65 phy = phy + 5 p y p y chem = chem +5 average = ( math + eng + phy + chem)/ 5.0 print average
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sample program
Write a program which uses a persons age to p p g p g print number of years left for retirement (a person retires at 65). age = 45 print you have , 65 age , years until retirement. You can ask the age from the user as well age = input("How old are you? ") print your age is , age your , print you have , 65 age , years until retirement.
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Class exercise
A students camp has got 3 divisions of girls and 5 divisions of p g g boys. Write a program which asks the user to input number of boys and girls in each division. It should print h ld i t number of girls, number of boys and total number of students.

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Exercise
Exercise: Write a Python program that prompts the user for y p g p p his/her amount of money, then reports how many jean pants the person can afford, and how much more money he/she will need to afford an additional jean pant (cost of jean pant = pant. 750) Write a program which converts 13 hours and 32 minutes into seconds.

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Debugging
Removing bugs (errors) from the program g g ( ) p g Principal = 34000 interest = principal * rate * time to r = 1/ 2b r = 1.0 / 2 * b temp 1 = 67 height = 0 width = area / height
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