To ensure a level playing ground for all political parties/promote free and fair elections.

(lxl=l)
KALA- HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT- PAPEI� I - PRE-TRIAL MAY 2024 !
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l\JARKJNG SCHEl\IE
9. State two survival rights of children.
• SECTION A (25 MARKS) (i) Right to life
(ii) Right to a name and nationality
1. Identify one branch of Kenyan history.
(iii) Right to good nutrition/food
(i) Political history
(iv) Right to shelter
(ii) Social history (2x1=2 marks)
(v) Right to good medical care
(iii) Economic history (lxl=l)
10. Identify two ways in which the results of the collaboration of the Maasai with the British was
2. Identify two pre-historic sites where the remains of Kenyapithecus were discovered in Kenya. similar to that of the Wanga.
(i) Fort Teman (i) Their leaders were elevated/made paramount chiefs.
(ii) Samburu Hills
(ii) Their warriors were hired as British agents/mercenaries.
(iii) Around Lake Baringo
(iii) They lost their independence. )
(iv) Lake Turkana Basin (2x1=2) (iv) They got material benefits. (any 2x1=2)
.
3. Give two reasons why Kenyan communities fought each other during the pre-colonial period. 11. Give the main reason why Poll-tax was introduced in Kenya during the colonial period.
(i) Competition for land for cultivation/settlement. To force Africans to work on European settler farms. (lxl=l)
(ii) Competition for water/pasture. •
(iii) To demonstrate their milit�ry power. 12. State two recommendations of the lyttelton constitution of 1954.
(iv) To raid for cattle. (any 2x1=2) (i) Creation of multi-racial council of ministers.
(ii) Elections to be held in 1956-1957 in eight African constituencies. (2x1=2)
4. Identify one age grade of elders among the Akamba.
(i) Junior elders/Anake 13. Name the political party founded by Jaramogi Oginga Odinga after resigning from Kenya African
(ii) Intermediate elders/medium/Nthele National Union (KANU) in 1966.
(iii) Full elders/Atumia ma Kivalo Kenya People's Union (lxl=l)
(iv) Senior elders/Atumia ma lthembo (lxl=l)
14. Identify two types of cases which are determined by Kadhis' Courts in Kenya.
5. Name one Arab family which ruled the Kenyan Coast on behalf of the Oman. (i) Personal status
(i) Mazrui family (ii) Inheritance cases
(ii) Nabahan family
(iii) Marriage cases
(iii) Busaitli family (any lxl=l) (iv) Divorce cases (any 2x1=2)

• 6. Identify one economic duty of a Kenyan citizen. 15. Give two reasons for the adoption of Harambee strategy in Kenya after independence.
(i) Paying taxes.
(i) To pool the scarce resources together.
(ii) Fighting corruption. (ii) To eradicate poverty among the people.
(iii) Protecting the environment. (iii) To promote unity among the people. (2x1=2)
(iv) Participating in development activities.
(v) Engaging in income generation. (lxl=l) 16. State the main role of opposition political parties in Kenya.
Acts as a watchdog to the ruling party/To act as a check on the excess of the government and ruling
7. Identify two ways in which elders resolve conflicts in their communities. party/uphold democracy (lxl=l)
(i) Through arbitration
(ii) Through mediation 17. Give the main function of the Commission on Revenue Allocation in Kenya.
(iii) Through conciliation/reconciliation To ensure equitable sharing of revenue bEitween National and County governments/among county
(iv) Through negotiation. (any 2x1=2) (lxl=l)
governments.

8. Identify the main reason for the formulation of the Inter-Party Parliamentary Group (1.1.P.G) in
1997.
•
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 SECTIO� B (45 MARKS)
20. (a) Identify five causes of the Nandi resistance against the British invasion in Kenya. (5 marks)

18. (a) Give t hree social reasons which influenced the migration of the Plain Nilot es to K e n ya
(i) They wanted to safeguard their independence. •
(ii) They were proud people who disliked interference by strangers.
during t he p re colo nial pe r iod.
(iii) They had successfully raided/fought their neighbours/intruders in the past.
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(i) Due to outbreak of diseaseyepidemics.

(iv) They disliked the Whiteman's/European skin colour.
(ii) Family/clan feuds forced them to migrate.
(v) They did not want to lose their land.
(iii) There was over population/population pressure in their original homeland.
(vi) They fought to avert the fulfilment of Kimnyole's prophecy.
(iv) The spirit of adventure made them search for new lands. (3x1=3 marks) (Sxl=S)
(vii) The had an able leader (Koitalel arap Samoei} who inspired them to fight and resist.

{b) Describe six aspects of the social organization of the Agikuyu. (b} Describe five roles played by Thomas Joseph Mboya in the development of trade union movement
(i) The had a family which was the smallest unit. in Kenya. (10 marks)
(ii) They had clans made up of several families which h a d a common ancestry. (i) He was instrumental in the formation of the trade union movement.
(iii) They practiced initiation of both boys and girls/circumcision was a rite of passage from (ii) He served as a leader in the trade union organizations both locally and internationally.
childhood to adulthood. (iii) He organized protests/demonstrations against the arrest and har�ssment of trade union
members/workers. '
(iv) They had age set syst ems/riika which comprised of people initiated at the same time.
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(iv) He liaised with international trade union organizations where he gained knowledge/experience of
(v) They believed in the existence of one God, Ngai whom they believed to dwell on Mount
running trade unions.
Kirinyaga (Kenya) .
• (vi) They had diviners who used to interpret God's messages to the p eop le.
(v) He solicited for funds to finance activities of trade union movement in Kenya.
(vi) He organized trade union courses/seminars in various parts of the country to educate the
(vii) They had medicinemen/mundu mugo/andu ago whose main role was to cure sick members
workers/leaders.
of the community. (vii) He agitated for better terms/conditions for workers.
(vii) They had designated places of worshi p 'iii ainly under Mugumo tree which operated as (viii) He attended courses on industrial relations abroad where he gained knowledge on labour relations.
shrines/where they offered sacrifices. (any 5x2=10)
(viii) They believed in the existence of ancestral spirits whom they honoured by pouring libation
so as to appease them. (any 6x2=12) 21. (a) Identify three features of African Socialism in Kenya. (3 marks}
(i) It emphasizes on freedom from exploitation/discrimination.
19. (a) Give five reasons for the coming of the Portuguese to the Kenyan Coast in the lSl hcentury AD. (ii) It allows different forms of ownershippf property/resources.
(5 marks} (iii) It advocates for mutual social responsibility.
(i) To trade with the Coastal towns/create a trading empire. (iv) It stressed on political democracy.
(ii) To find, a guide for the sea route to India. (v)lt emphasizes on social justice.
(iii) To explore the vast Kenyan Coast/satisfy their spirit of adventure. (vi) It emphasizes on equitable distribution/use of resources.
(3xl=3)
•·
(iv) To spread Christianity/counter the influence of Islam. (vii) Progressive taxation to ensure equitable distribution of wealth/income.
(v) The Kenyan Coast was strategic for supplies/prevent the control of the coast by the
Turks/Arabs/Control the East J'ffrican Coast. (b} Explain six functions of the National Land Commission. (12 marks}
(vi) To look for the legendary Prester John. (Sxl = 5 marks) (i) To manage public land on behalf of the national and county governments.
(ii) To recommend a national land policy to the national government.
(b} Describe five effects of Oman rule along the Coast of Kenya by the 19th Century. (10 marks) (iii) To advise the national government on a comprehensive programme for land registration throughout
(i) It led to growth and expansion of towns along the Kenyan coast. the country.
(ii) It promoted the spread of Islamic religion in Kenyan coast whereby many locals converted tothe new (iv) To conduct research on land use in the country, for example, on use of natural resources and make
religion. recommendations to relevant authorities.
(iii) It contributed to the expansion of slave trade as many local people were made to work inthe (v) To investigate present or past historical injustices on its own initiative or as a result of a complaint,
plantations. and recommend appropriate action.
(iv) It led to the growth of plantation agriculture as many Arabs migrated from Oman to the Kenyan (vi) To encourage use of traditional methods of dispute resolution in land conflicts.
coast 1Dfarm. (vii} To assess tax on land and premiums on immovable property in al1y area designated by law.
(v) It led to the coming of missionaries to the Kenyan coast to stop slave trade. (viii) To monitor and have oversight responsibilities over land use planning throughout the country.
(vi) It promoted the expansion of local, long-distance and international trade along the Kenyan coast (6x2=12 marks)
(vii) East Africa was linked to the rest of the world through international trade.
t (Sx2=10 marks)

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t SECTION C (30 MARKS)

24. (a) Give three ways in which the National Government relates with the County Governments in
Kenya. (3 marks)
(i) There is mutual respect in performance/exercising their powers.
22. (a) Give three conditions one must fulfil in order to become a Kenyan citizen by registration.
( (ii) They assist/consult/support as appropriate.
(3 marks)
(iii) They should implement legislation of other levels of government.
(i) One must lawfully reside in Kenya for continuously for at least seven years.
(iv) They liaise for purposes of exchanging information/coordinating pol,icies/administration/enhancing
(ii) A child who is not a citizen must be adopted by a Kenyan citizen. ;
capacity.
(iii) A person must be married to a Kenyan citizen for at least seven years. (3x1=3 marks)
(v) They cooperate in the performance of function/exercise of power/set up joint committees/joint
authority.
(b) Describe six features of the Independence Constitution of Kenya. (12 marks)
(vi) They set up mechanisms for settling dispute.
(i) It provided for the position of the Head of State who was the Governor General.
(vii) National Government has powers to intervene in a county government if unable to pert'orm its
(ii) It provided for a bicameral parliament comprising the Senate and the House of Representatives.
functions/president may suspend county government.
(iii) It provided for a Public Service Commission/Civil Service to ensure effective government.
(iv) It provided for automatic citizenship for all Kenyans.
(b) Describe six functions of the County Government in Kenya (12 marks)
(v) It provided for a coalition government/power sharing between political parties.
(i) Promotion of agriculture in areas of crop and animal husbandry, slaughter-houses and animal disease
(vi) It provided for multipartism where the party with majority in Parliament formed the government.
control.
(vii) It created an independen� Electoral Commission/Electoral Commission of Kenya.
(ii) Provision and supervision of county health services through making legislation to regulate health
[viii) It provided for regional/majimbo/federal system of government.
facilities.
(ix) It created an independent and impartial judiciary to ensure justice and prevent corruption/ Judicial
(iii) Putting in place regulations to regulate )lnd control pollution.
Service Commission to appoint the judicial officers.
(iv) Promotion of cultural activities, public entertainment and public amenities such as libraries,
(x) It provided for the Bill of Rights which entrenched the fundamental rights of the citizens.
museums, county parks and sporting facilities.
(xi) It provided for the position of the Prime M1rriGter who was the head of government.
(v) Maintenance of county transport such as roads and street lightings.
(any 6x2=12)
(vi) Ensuring animal control and welfare. For example, through licensing of dogs.
(vii) Promotion of trade through encouraging local tourism, overseeing trade licensing and ensuring fair
•
23. (a) Give the composition of the Judicial Service Commission in Kenya. (5 marks) '
trading practices.
(i) The Chief Justice
(viii) Regulating county planning and development through land survey, mapping, boundaries and
(ii) The Attorney General
housing.
(iii) One Supreme Court Judge
(ix) Promotion of education at the pre-primary, polytechnic and child-care levels.
(iv) One Court of Appeal Judge
(x) Implementing specific national government policies on natural resources and environmental
(v) One High Court Judge
• (vi) Two advocates, a man and a woman
conservation including soil and water conservation.
(xi) Regulation of county services such as water and sanitation.
(vii) A nominee of the Public Service Commission
(xii) Ensuring firefighting services and disaster management centres are available and working in the
(viii) One man and one woman to represent the public
county.
(ix) Chief Registrar of the Judiciary
(xiii) Putting in place measures to control drug abuse and access to pornography in the county.
(x) One magistrate (Sxl=S marks)
(xiv) Ensuring the participation of communities in governance at local level.
(6x2=12 marks)
(b) Explain five limitations of Parliamentary supremacy in Kenya. (10 marks)
(i) It may be side stepped when the President declares a state of emergency.
(ii) Its legislative function is bound by international laws/treaties/conventions/agreements/ratification
of international treaties/laws.
(iii) Its legislative authority/oversight role may be undermined by a strong Cabinet.
(iv) Legislation by county government may also undermine parliamentary supremacy.
(v) Effectiv'eness of passing some legislation may be undermined by social cultural practices/beliefs of
the people.
(vi) It cannot pass laws/legislation which contravenes the Constitution of Kenya. (Sx2=10 marks)

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