Apna Project
Apna Project
TOPIC:
TO CONSTRUCT AN AUTOMATIC NIGHT LIGHT USING A
TRANSISTOR AND LDR
Made By:
ZAHID HAMEED
MUHAMMAD ISRAR
ALI RAZA
UMAIR NAZEER
ABDULLAH KHAN
SEMESTER: 4TH
SECTION: B
SUBMITTED TO: ENGR. AHMAD RAZA
Sr.No. Contents Page No.
1 Aim of the Experiment 3
2 Introduction 3
3 Apparatus Required 5
4 Principle 6
5 Circuit Diagram 7
6 Theory 7
7 Procedure 11
9 Observation 13
10 Precautions 14
11 Bibliography 15
TO CONSTRUCT AN AUTOMATIC NIGHT LIGHT
USING A TRANSISTOR AND LDR
P a g e 7 | 15
Emitter (E): It is the left hand side thick layer of the transistor which is
heavily doped;
Base (B): It is a central thin layer of transistor which is lightly doped;
Collector (C): It is the right hand side thick layer of the transistor which is
moderately doped;
A p-n-p junction transistor is obtained by growing a thin layer of thin layer of
n-type semi-conductor in between two relatively thick layers of p-type semi-
conductor.
P a g e 8 | 15
In the project, common emitter n-p-n transistor (BC-547) is used.
P a g e 9 | 15
4. LED: A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. When
a light-emitting diode is forward-biased (switched on), electrons are able to
recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the
form of photons. In this project, we use led of blue colour.
P a g e 10 | 15
• Take a breadboard and connect its two halves
• Connect a 9V battery on the breadboard.
P a g e 11 | 15
• Connect an NPN transistor on the breadboard with its three legs
(Emitter, Base, Collector) inserted in three different columns of the
breadboard.
P a g e 12 | 15
When the circuit is exposed to light, the led remains off. When
the circuit is taken into dark, the led glows.
P a g e 13 | 15
• Excess current should not be passed through LED.
• Make all the connections neat, clean and tight.
• Never exceed the ratings for the current given in the
transistor manual.
P a g e 14 | 15
A n-p-n transistor which broke due
to the passage of excessive current.
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_emitter
P a g e 15 | 15