NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Unit 3
Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Class 10
Unit 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Exercise 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7 Solutions
If two linear equations have the two same variables, they are called a pair of linear equations in
two variables. Following is the most general form of linear equations:
Here, a1, a2, b1, b2, c1 and c2 are real numbers such that;
A pair of linear equations can be represented and solved by the following methods:
a. Graphical method
b. Algebraic method
Exercise 3.1 : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 44
Q1 :
Aftab tells his daughter, "Seven years ago, I was seven times as old as you were then. Also, three years from
now, I shall be three times as old as you will be." (Isn't this interesting?) Represent this situation
algebraically and graphically.
Answer :
Let the present age of Aftab be x.
And, present age of his daughter = y
Seven years ago,
Age of Aftab = x - 7
Age of his daughter = y - 7
According to the question,
Three years hence,
Age of Aftab = x + 3
Age of his daughter = y + 3
The solution table is
x 50 60 70
y 60 40 20
For 4x + 2y = 300,
The solution table is
x 70 80 75
y 10 - 10 0
The graphical representation is as follows.
Exercise 3.2 : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 49
Q1 :
Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems, and find their solutions graphically.
(i) 10 students of Class X took part in a Mathematics quiz. If the number of girls is 4 more than the number of
boys, find the number of boys and girls who took part in the quiz.
(ii) 5 pencils and 7 pens together cost Rs 50, whereas 7 pencils and 5 pens together cost Rs 46. Find the cost
of one pencil and that of one pen.
Answer :
(i) Let the number of girls be x and the number of boys be y.
According to the question, the algebraic representation is
x + y = 10
x-y=4
For x + y = 10,
x = 10 - y
x 5 4 6
y 5 6 4
For x - y = 4,
x=4+y
x 5 4 3
y 1 0 -1
Hence, the graphic representation is as follows.
From the figure, it can be observed that these lines intersect each other at point (7, 3).
Therefore, the number of girls and boys in the class are 7 and 3 respectively.
(ii) Let the cost of 1 pencil be Rs x and the cost of 1 pen be Rs y.
According to the question, the algebraic representation is
5x + 7y = 50
7x + 5y = 46
For 5x + 7y = 50,
x 3 10 -4
y 5 0 10
7x + 5y = 46
x 8 3 -2
y -2 5 12
Hence, the graphic representation is as follows.
From the figure, it can be observed that these lines intersect each other at point (3, 5).
Therefore, the cost of a pencil and a pen are Rs 3 and Rs 5 respectively.
Q2 :
On comparing the ratios , find out whether the lines representing the following pairs of
linear equations at a point, are parallel or coincident:
Answer :
(i) 5x - 4y + 8 = 0
7x + 6y - 9 = 0
Comparing these equations with
and , we obtain
Since ,
Hence, the lines representing the given pair of equations have a unique solution and the pair of lines intersects at
exactly one point.
(ii) 9x + 3y + 12 = 0
18x + 6y + 24 = 0
Comparing these equations with
and , we obtain
Since ,
Hence, the lines representing the given pair of equations are coincident and there are infinite possible solutions for
the given pair of equations.
(iii)6x - 3y + 10 = 0
2x - y + 9 = 0
Comparing these equations with
and , we obtain
Since ,
Hence, the lines representing the given pair of equations are parallel to each other and hence, these lines will never
intersect each other at any point or there is no possible solution for the given pair of equations.
Q3 :
On comparing the ratios , find out whether the following pair of linear equations are
consistent, or inconsistent.
Answer :
(i) 3x + 2y = 5
2x - 3y = 7
These linear equations are intersecting each other at one point and thus have only one possible solution. Hence, the
pair of linear equations is consistent.
(ii)2x - 3y = 8
4x - 6y = 9
Since ,
Therefore, these linear equations are parallel to each other and thus have no possible solution. Hence, the pair of
linear equations is inconsistent.
(iii)
Since ,
Therefore, these linear equations are intersecting each other at one point and thus have only one possible solution.
Hence, the pair of linear equations is consistent.
(iv)5x - 3 y = 11
- 10x + 6y = - 22
Since ,
Therefore, these linear equations are coincident pair of lines and thus have infinite number of possible solutions.
Hence, the pair of linear equations is consistent.
(v)
Since
Therefore, these linear equations are coincident pair of lines and thus have infinite number of possible solutions.
Hence, the pair of linear equations is consistent.
Q4 :
Which of the following pairs of linear equations are consistent/ inconsistent? If consistent, obtain the
solution graphically:
Answer :
(i)x + y = 5
2x + 2y = 10
Since ,
Therefore, these linear equations are coincident pair of lines and thus have infinite number of possible solutions.
Hence, the pair of linear equations is consistent.
x+y=5
x=5-y
x 4 3 2
y 1 2 3
And, 2x + 2y = 10
x 4 3 2
y 1 2 3
Hence, the graphic representation is as follows.
From the figure, it can be observed that these lines are overlapping each other. Therefore, infinite solutions are
possible for the given pair of equations.
(ii)x - y = 8
3x - 3y = 16
Since ,
Therefore, these linear equations are parallel to each other and thus have no possible solution. Hence, the pair of
linear equations is inconsistent.
(iii)2x + y - 6 = 0
4x - 2y - 4 = 0
Since ,
Therefore, these linear equations are intersecting each other at one point and thus have only one possible solution.
Hence, the pair of linear equations is consistent.
2x + y - 6 = 0
y = 6 - 2x
x 0 1 2
y 6 4 2
And 4x - 2y - 4 = 0
x 1
Q5 :
Half the perimeter of a rectangular garden, whose length is 4 m more than its width, is 36 m. Find the
dimensions of the garden.
Answer :
Let the width of the garden be x and length be y.
According to the question,
y - x = 4 (1)
y + x = 36 (2)
y-x=4
y=x+4
x 0 8 12
y 4 12 16
y + x = 36
x 0 36 16
y 36 0 20
Hence, the graphic representation is as follows.
From the figure, it can be observed that these lines are intersecting each other at only point i.e., (16, 20). Therefore,
the length and width of the given garden is 20 m and 16 m respectively.
Q6 :
Given the linear equation 2x + 3y - 8 = 0, write another linear equations in two variables such that the
geometrical representation of the pair so formed is:
(i) intersecting lines (ii) parallel lines
(iii) coincident lines
Answer :
(i)Intersecting lines:
For this condition,
The second line such that it is intersecting the given line
is .
(ii) Parallel lines:
For this condition,
Hence, the second line can be
4x + 6y - 8 = 0
(iii)Coincident lines:
For coincident lines,
Hence, the second line can be
6x + 9y - 24 = 0
Q7 :
Draw the graphs of the equations x - y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y - 12 = 0. Determine the coordinates of the vertices
of the triangle formed by these lines and the x-axis, and shade the triangular region.
Answer :
x-y+1=0
x=y-1
x 0 1 2
y 1 2 3
3x + 2y - 12 = 0
x 4 2 0
y 0 3 6
Hence, the graphic representation is as follows.
From the figure, it can be observed that these lines are intersecting each other at point (2, 3) and x-axis at ( - 1, 0)
and (4, 0). Therefore, the vertices of the triangle are (2, 3), ( - 1, 0), and (4, 0).
Exercise 3.3 : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 53
Q1 :
Solve the following pair of linear equations by the substitution method.
Answer :
(i) x + y = 14 (1)
x - y = 4 (2)
From (1), we obtain
x = 14 - y (3)
Substituting this value in equation (2), we obtain
Substituting this in equation (3), we obtain
(ii)
From (1), we obtain
Substituting this value in equation (2), we obtain
Substituting in equation (3), we obtain
s=9
s = 9, t = 6
(iii)3x - y = 3 (1)
9x - 3y = 9 (2)
From (1), we obtain
y = 3x - 3 (3)
Substituting this value in equation (2), we obtain
9=9
This is always true.
Hence, the given pair of equations has infinite possible solutions and the relation between these variables can be
given by
y = 3x - 3
Therefore, one of its possible solutions is x = 1, y = 0.
(iv)
From equation (1), we obtain
Substituting this value in equation (2), we obtain
Substituting this value in equation (3), we obtain
(v)
From equation (1), we obtain
Substituting this value in equation (2), we obtain
Substituting this value in equation (3), we obtain
Q2 :
Solve 2x + 3y = 11 and 2x - 4y = - 24 and hence find the value of 'm' for which y = mx + 3.
Answer :
From equation (1), we obtain
Substituting this value in equation (2), we obtain
Putting this value in equation (3), we obtain
Hence, x = - 2, y = 5
Also,
Q3 :
Solve 2x + 3y = 11 and 2x - 4y = - 24 and hence find the value of 'm' for which y = mx + 3.
Answer :
From equation (1), we obtain
Substituting this value in equation (2), we obtain
Putting this value in equation (3), we obtain
Hence, x = - 2, y = 5
Also,
Q4 :
Answer :
(i) Let the first number be x and the other number be y such that y > x.
According to the given information,
On substituting the value of y from equation (1) into equation (2), we obtain
Substituting this in equation (1), we obtain
y = 39
Hence, the numbers are 13 and 39.
(ii) Let the larger angle be x and smaller angle be y.
We know that the sum of the measures of angles of a supplementary pair is always 180 º.
According to the given information,
From (1), we obtain
x = 180 º - y (3)
Substituting this in equation (2), we obtain
Putting this in equation (3), we obtain
x = 180 º - 81 º
= 99 º
Hence, the angles are 99 º and 81 º.
(iii) Let the cost of a bat and a ball be x and y respectively.
According to the given information,
From (1), we obtain
Substituting this value in equation (2), we obtain
Substituting this in equation (3), we obtain
Hence, the cost of a bat is Rs 500 and that of a ball is Rs 50.
(iv) Let the fixed charge be Rs x and per km charge be Rs y.
According to the given information,
From (1), we obtain
Substituting this in equation (2), we obtain
Putting this in equation (3), we obtain
Hence, fixed charge = Rs 5
And per km charge = Rs 10
Charge for 25 km = x + 25y
= 5 + 250 = Rs 255
(v) Let the fraction be .
According to the given information,
From equation (1), we obtain
Exercise 3.4 : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 56
Q1 :
Solve the following pair of linear equations by the elimination method and the substitution method:
Answer :
(i) By elimination method
Multiplying equation (1) by 2, we obtain
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (3), we obtain
Substituting the value in equation (1), we obtain
By substitution method
From equation (1), we obtain
(5)
Putting this value in equation (2), we obtain
- 5y = - 6
Substituting the value in equation (5), we obtain
(ii) By elimination method
Multiplying equation (2) by 2, we obtain
Adding equation (1) and (3), we obtain
Substituting in equation (1), we obtain
Hence, x = 2, y = 1
By substitution method
From equation (2), we obtain
(5)
Putting this value in equation (1), we obtain
7y = 7
Substituting the value in equation (5), we obtain
(iii) By elimination method
Q2 :
Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems, and find their solutions (if they exist) by the
elimination method:
(i) If we add 1 to the numerator and subtract 1 from the denominator, a fraction reduces to 1. It becomes if
we only add 1 to the denominator. What is the fraction?
(ii) Five years ago, Nuri was thrice as old as Sonu. Ten years later, Nuri will be twice as old as Sonu. How old
are Nuri and Sonu?
(iii) The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. Also, nine times this number is twice the number
obtained by reversing the order of the digits. Find the number.
(iv) Meena went to bank to withdraw Rs 2000. She asked the cashier to give her Rs 50 and Rs 100 notes only.
Meena got 25 notes in all. Find how many notes of Rs 50 and Rs 100 she received.
(v) A lending library has a fixed charge for the first three days and an additional charge for each day
thereafter. Saritha paid Rs 27 for a book kept for seven days, while Susy paid Rs 21 for the book she kept for
five days. Find the fixed charge and the charge for each extra day.
Answer :
(i)Let the fraction be .
According to the given information,
Subtracting equation (1) from equation (2), we obtain
x = 3 (3)
Substituting this value in equation (1), we obtain
Hence, the fraction is .
(ii)Let present age of Nuri = x
and present age of Sonu = y
According to the given information,
Subtracting equation (1) from equation (2), we obtain
y = 20 (3)
Substituting it in equation (1), we obtain
Hence, age of Nuri = 50 years
And, age of Sonu = 20 years
(iii)Let the unit digit and tens digits of the number be x and y respectively. Then, number = 10y + x
Number after reversing the digits = 10x + y
According to the given information,
x + y = 9 (1)
9(10y + x) = 2(10x + y)
88y - 11x = 0
- x + 8y =0 (2)
Adding equation (1) and (2), we obtain
9y = 9
y = 1 (3)
Substituting the value in equation (1), we obtain
x=8
Hence, the number is 10y + x = 10 × 1 + 8 = 18
(iv)Let the number of Rs 50 notes and Rs 100 notes be x and y respectively.
According to the given information,
Multiplying equation (1) by 50, we obtain
Subtracting equation (3) from equation (2), we obtain
Substituting in equation (1), we have x = 10
Hence, Meena has 10 notes of Rs 50 and 15 notes of Rs 100.
(v)Let the fixed charge for first three days and each day charge thereafter be Rs x and Rs y respectively.
According to the given information,
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1), we obtain
Substituting in equation (1), we obtain
Hence, fixed charge = Rs 15
And Charge per day = Rs 3
Exercise 3.5 : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 62
Q1 :
Which of the following pairs of linear equations has unique solution, no solution or infinitely many
solutions? In case there is a unique solution, find it by using cross multiplication method.
Answer :
