CHAPTER FIVE

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION,
MONITORING & EVLAUATION

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5.1 Project Implementation
▪ The project implementation phase is the part of the project
lifecycle where the tasks that build the deliverables are
executed.
▪ The project implementation phase begins when the project
plan is approved and the resources necessary for executing
the starting task are assembled.
▪ Project implementation/execution should be in accordance
with the approved project plan.
▪ Project implementation consists of processes like
execution, measuring project progress, reporting project
status, and exercising management controls and user
acceptance.
▪ Project Implementation is the Process whereby project
inputs are converted to project outputs
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Process of project Implementation
I. Executing the Project: is the act of carrying out planned
activities. The execution of the project plan is simply the act
of performing task and activities that result in the production
of the project deliverables.
▪ The project plan serves as a road map and a common
frame of reference for all members of the project team.
The project plan is therefore, the foundation for successful
delivery of projects.
II. Measuring the Project progress: - can provide
assurance that the project is progressing as planned or reveal
the need to intervene and take action to ensure the
achievement of the desired business objectives.
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Common areas to monitor typically include:
▪ Project schedule :- include all tasks and estimated work
hours for the entire project
▪ Work effort:- is essential for evaluating whether the
project is executing within budget or not
▪ Costs: - use budget plan developed during planning
represents the basis for measurement of deviation during
execution. Measuring cost requires the support of the
financial and procurement support business units
▪ Issues resolution: - deals with number of open issues and
their impact on the project.
▪ Changes to the project: - There will always be changes to
a project. The challenge is to identify and manage them.
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III. Reporting project status: -
✓A standard requirement of all projects is to provide
information to both executive management and the project
team members on the status of the project.
✓The project status report is a means of communicating
regularly the ongoing progress and status of a project. The
overall project status is communicated to all team
members using the project status report.
IV. Modify Project (Apply Management Control):-
✓No matter how well defined projects are, situations will
arise that require changes to be made to the project plans.
✓They may be imposed by senior management, by changes
in the business environment, or the changing preferences
of a client.
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V. User Acceptance:-
✓Acceptance criteria for project deliverables establishes in
advance an agreed upon standard of performance or
capability that the user will accept in a specific deliverable.
✓The Performance Plan developed in the Project Planning
Phase articulates the project deliverables and acceptance
criteria.
✓Acceptance criteria then become the fundamental
guideline for the design team to build a solution that the
user will find acceptable.
✓The execution phase ends when the user has agreed to
accept the deliverable (s) in the state that they exist.
✓The acceptance criterion is the standard that the user uses
to judge if each deliverable is satisfactory.
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5.1.1 Project Planning & Control Technique
▪ Project plan is a road map that shows how to get from one point
to other point. Typically the plan is the launching point of a
project (beginning) which is a guide for future development.
▪ The purpose of project planning is to define each major task,
estimate the time and resource required and provide a frame work
for management review and control.
▪ Project planning includes project goals, Project deliverables,
Project schedule, Supporting plans like human resource plan,
communication plan & risk management plan & project control.
▪ A major portion of the planning effort entails determining the
relationship of different tasks to each other and then scheduling,
monitoring and controlling these tasks in such a way that the
project is carried out efficiently and logically.
▪ In doing so, SWOT analysis, problem tree analysis, stakeholder
analysis, Logical framework analysis, work breakdown structure,
the Gantt chart & critical path methods (CPM) are used tools.7
1. Gantt Chart
▪ It is a way to graphically show progress of a project. Here
tasks are often grouped into categories and each category
can be treated as summary Tasks whose duration spans all
the tasks within that category.
▪ This is a pictorial device in which activities are represents
by a horizontal bar on the time axis.

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2. Critical Path Method (Net Work Technique)
▪ Complex project requires a series of activities, some of
which must be performed sequentially and others that can
be performed in parallel with other activities.
▪ This collection of a series and parallel tasks can be
modeled as network. It models the activities and events of
a project as a network. Here the activities, events and their
relationships are represented by a network diagram.

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5.2. Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E)
▪ Monitoring and Evaluation is the systematic collection and
analysis of information to enable managers and key
stakeholders to make informed decisions, maintain
existing practices, policies and principles and improve the
performance of their projects.
▪ Evaluation is a learning and management tool: an
assessment of what has taken place in order to improve
future work.
▪ Measuring, analysing and interpreting change helps people
to determine how far objectives have been achieved and
whether the initial assumptions about what would
happened were right; and to make judgments about the
effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability of the
work. 10
Relationship of Monitoring to Evaluation

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 The need for Monitoring and Evaluation
There are many reasons for carrying out project M& E.
✓Project managers and other stakeholders need to know to what
extent their project is meeting its objectives.
✓M& E build greater transparency and accountability in terms of
use of project resources.
✓Information generated through M&E provides project staff
with a clearer basis for decision making.
✓Lessons learned from project experience can be used to
improve future project planning and development.
In summary, project manager must compare the time, cost and
performance of the project with time, budget and the tasks
defined in the approved project plan.
▪ Evaluation can be used: To improve performance; To make
choices and decisions; To learn lessons, & To increase
accountability.
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END OF CHAPTER – 5

THANK YOU!!!

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