QUARTER 3

COORDINATED FUNCTIONS OF THE

REPRODUCTIVE, ENDOCRINE
AND NERVOUS SYSTEM
SCIENCE 10
Introduction
The systems of the body are made up
of different organs. Each organs play
specific role to maintain proper functioning
of the body.
Key Questions

Where do babies come

from?
 REPRODUCTION
All living things like human beings are able to
breed offspring through the process known as
reproduction.

Reproduction is a biological process by which an

organism reproduces an offspring that is biologically
similar to the organism. Reproduction enables and
ensures the continuity of species, generation after
generation. It is the main feature of life on earth.
 GAMETES
a mature haploid male or female germ cell
which is able to unite with another of the
opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a
zygote.
Morphology and Physiology of
the Male Reproductive
System
 MALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
The male reproductive system mostly
exists outside of your body. The
external organs include your penis,
scrotum and testicles. Internal organs
include your vas deferens, prostate
and urethra. The male reproductive
system is responsible for sexual
function and urination.
 URETHRA
The tube that passes through the
penis to the outside of the body
which carries urine and sperm.
 PENIS
The tube that passes through the
penis to the outside of the body
which carries urine and sperm.
 TESTES
Made up of coiled tubules in which
the sperm are produced. They
produced the male sex hormones
called testosterone for the
production of sperm.
 EPIDIDYMIS
Coiled J-shaped tube located on the
back of each testicles. It stores the
sperm for two to four days after they
have been produced.
VAS DEFERENS

tube that recieves sperm form the

epididymis of each testicles.
 SCROTUM
A pouch of skin that hangs from the
penis which houses testes and
protects sperm by keeping the
temperature of the testes slightly
lower than normal body in order for
them to survive.
SPERM CELLS
 What is sperm?
The sperm cell is a unique structure located in
the testis. It fertilizes the egg. Males have two testes
found inside the scrotum. It produces millions of
minute sperm cells which can be observed only under
the microscope. The sperm cell which comes from the
testes, and travels in the epididymis are temporarily
stored until they are released. The sperm cells are
release and move along the vas deferens. Along the
way, the sperms combined with the nutrient
secretions from the prostate gland and seminal
vesicles. This mixture is called semen. The semen will
be transported into the urethra and out of the penis.
ANATOMY OF SPERM CELL
Morphology and Physiology of
the Female Reproductive
System
 FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
The female reproductive system
consists of internal and external
organs. It creates hormones and is
responsible for fertility, menstruation
and sexual activity.
 VULVA
The external genitalia which include the
following parts:
a. Mons pubis - is the hairy skin-covered pad
of fat over the pubic bone.
b. Labia Minora - small lips covered with
modified skin.
c. Labia Majora - larger lips covered with
pubic hair.
d. Clitoris - small almond-shaped erectile
tissue located below the junction of two minora.
 FALLOPIAN TUBE
Two very fine tubes which extended
from each ovary into the uterus. Main
function is to contain egg until
fertilization takes place and to provide a
passageway leading the sperm to egg
and the fertilized egg to the uterus.
 OVARIES
Small almond-shaped organs. It is located
inside the female, few inches below the waist.

Secretes hormones called estrogen and

progesterone to produce mature egg cells.

The egg cell begins to mature when female

reaches puberty. During puberty, ovaries usually
produce and release one ripened egg every 28
days. This process called OVULATION.
UTERUS OR WOMB
Hallow muscular, pear shaped organ
located between the ovaries. It is where
the fertilized egg will develop and grow
into a baby.

However, if the eggs remain unfertilized,

the uterus sheds and passes through the
vagina, which leaves the body as
menstrual discharge.
 CERVIX

A narrow structure within an inch-long

canal connecting the lower end of the
uterus to the upper portion of the vagina.
VAGINA or BIRTH
CANAL

A hollow tube leading from the cervix to

the outside of the body. The wall is elastic
which allows it to expand during
childbirth and sexual intercourse.
Role of Hormones in the
Reproductive System
 What is
Hormones?
Hormones are chemicals that coordinate
different functions in your body by carrying
messages through your blood to your
organs, skin, muscles and other tissues.
These signals tell your body what to do and
when to do it. Hormones are essential for
life and your health.
These are secreted by the endocrine
glands that are carried through the blood
stream to the target organ in many areas of
the body.
 The hormones of the reproductive system
carry a specific role during puberty, ovulation,
pregnancy, and development. The
reproductive glands are controlled by the
pituitary gland, which is controlled by the
hypothalamus. The reproductive glands of
boys and girls work at low levels until the age of
10. After this age, hormone levels begin to
increase, and physical changes start to
develop. The hypothalamus releases chemical
substances that signal the pituitary gland to
start producing two hormones responsible for
reproduction-the follicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Both
males and females produce these kinds of
hormone. They affect the testes in men and the
ovaries in women.
The LH of the male sends signals
in the testes to produce
testosterone with FSH to control
the production of sperm and the
growth of facial hair.

In females, the pituitary

hormones LH and FSH estrogen
and progesterone.
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
A menstrual cycle begins when you get
your period or menstruate. This is when
you shed the lining of your uterus. This
cycle is part of your reproductive
system and prepares your body for a
possible pregnancy. A typical cycle
lasts between 24 and 38 days.
The Menstrual Phase
This phase begins on the
first day of your period.
It's when the lining of your
uterus sheds through your
vagina if pregnancy hasn’t
occurred. Most people
bleed for three to five
days, but a period lasting
only three days to as
many as seven days is
usually not a cause for
worry.
 The Follicular Phase
This phase begins on the
day you get your period
and ends at ovulation (it
overlaps with the menses
phase and ends when you
ovulate). During this time,
the level of the hormone
estrogen rises, which
causes the lining of your
uterus (the endometrium)
to grow and thicken.
 The Ovulation Phase
This phase occurs roughly
at about day 14 in a 28-day
menstrual cycle. A sudden
increase in another
hormone — luteinizing
hormone (LH) — causes
your ovary to release its
egg. This event is
ovulation..
 The Luteal Phase
This phase lasts from about day 15
to day 28. Your egg leaves your
ovary and begins to travel through
your fallopian tubes to your uterus.
The level of the hormone
progesterone rises to help prepare
your uterine lining for pregnancy. If
the egg becomes fertilized by
sperm and attaches itself to your
uterine wall (implantation), you
become pregnant. If pregnancy
doesn’t occur, estrogen and
progesterone levels drop and the
thick lining of your uterus sheds
during your period.
 PHASE EVENTS DURATION
During menstruation, it breaks down
FOLLICULAR PHASE the endometrium.
1-5 days

In the ovary, the follicide matures

and rebuild the endotrium. 6-13 days
OVULATION PHASE
Secondary oocyte is released from
14 days
ovary.

Formation og the corpus luteum,

LUTEAL PHASE endometrium thickens and develop.
15-28 days