~~ CONTRACTOR'S — MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK James J. O’Brien, PE. Second Edition ‘MeGRAW-HIL, INC.hy of Cons Cain Puan Da ‘Caco sagen: Maco i, Jams, Robert ‘Oza So (Baw oon Conant dey Managiment, 2. Wali er Monten 3. Conc prow Mamgennt 1 OB Sage ame, isi, er aresssan ”" rth ates eee art rece gactantaghinen aren EERE: See erect aacratars Beets share tame 1234587890 pociboc 9654321 SEN o-07-047797-3 rep at ES i ing ‘Nepadston pert ices Waa ss Te aman fy Mien Bi Profosen! Ping component Pre au oa by RR, Dancy So Company ‘We te of i tok a on mene df may ‘is pcanrenae evioo et ah tft ia SEES Eon teeta CONTENTS (Chapter 1. Construction Industry (Chapter 2. Construction Astocitons (Ghaptor_3. Construction Education and Telnng (Shaptor_4. The Labor Force and Industri Relations Law Chapter 5. Markating Construction Services water 6. Estimating [Ghapter_7, Construction Company Organization (Chaptr_8. Business Stratesy Chapter 9. Parcess Chapter 10. Schedul Chanter 11. Isuranee and Bonds - st a(Chapter 12 Seasonality (Chapter 18, ai Chapter 18. Construction Safety Chapter 16. Cost Engineering Ghaptr 16. on Adminitration ‘Chapter 17. Accounting [Chapter 18. Quality Assurance- Quality Control (Chapter 18. Contractor Financing [Chapter 20, Construction Law [Chapter 21. Contractor Ofice Stat Chapter 22. Construction Productivity Analysis 1 23. Worker Motivation Canter 24 Chapt 25. Claims and Utgetion CONTRIBUTORS dtp ab 9 eet Ane, Rt Haron, New Yor Saphen Baits CPA CReo-Kiabon & Aoi, I, Sn ren, Cf (chrhiteec wore) ‘War Der ie Presant Fed Sime & Ce, Cy, ng na, PEE Se oe Fae Pr Ch xn Ofer, Seg Bank Mae ew Pl E Manon, PE:WSFE.ASCE.ACL Aucue Psfeor of Commo Mon ‘rman Uy of Maa Unc, Arde ober 8 Hemphil Harcky Whi, Phas, Pew (Oe. SE) [neon rete Cajoma (car : ‘ere Mayr Arteria Perf Cosmin Maze Bri rt, Loa Nava a) yt, te i & Ais, Poms umes 4 Bn, PE. Cima of he Ber, Orn risers & Ane ne, ‘etme New lene (Sa 3810 3 3) M4 OnE x Penni Ann, ri Ro (ha Fnayoone ans mt ON) fmol. Pame CPA Poy Mae & Cre, BA. 0 Conve Bot ato, Now Sra tcnar ae Park PE. Conn gh mom, Overt Ps, Kem (Ce 8) Teer Peter. Hauomon Conta hm, Nera et 13) a ere cae Bans Ann, Unni of MeL Ne ari, Robergen AIC. AIA.Asaie rofne of Crain Mange, er yo Nena La eb 3 George 8 oneoe 09 fence, Oc, Vii (Ct. 2) Lin Wataon CPE O'Gn Rehr & Aude, Puen, New Joey (8, sem eessc oa Pas, Maer & Caer, Kerth Cosine Mrtn, Now Jey ex. 1 sao ober 6.2 PE-MASCE, ALC. efor of Conmatin Meeremens, Ema, eyo Nera al Netoa oe 18 a PREFACE As be mets cetury dams cue, the United Sates acing aor beth ‘Senn tee, a sets be ry ard ‘enage enmeat plats and pots an cae tat helped oa ‘pee parte me won lo om mpi: yt he er ‘bland he federal poertent Dessnedfde ent unspent saci ot ‘Spstaton work ta old mune the say ropeny fae ‘Meanwhile, the Bs wee not hind tthe corto itty. ary in the odes receion wiped ott many firs and forced other fo rtenc. ‘aang sans In hghay and ela! comsrston eed pu conten inte contractor. Addo to hese nes wor the relate tht te pan of Wething in consacton tat had strated ady ow fnew empoyee os Sein ws fing. a es spect enna othe profesional forester, but thre are many Indo: dps te tsene ton many ld ren, Now at ‘Songer compe hve Seen formed Oy contin the bs cles o fe Sms and nyo fs hve euganot co podten ap ere Iris Eths as az become spol tope cots eens a She ont repre oa oe wake ening ‘gee ernest ads ee A the en fs comury nest rotons mast be eat et he pent demand forthe serene ok wa prague 1 aot Sarr Inet ie lege of sy. tomonow, An Ie ong Yor James 10 Ben oer ayCONTRACTOR'S MANAGEMENT HANDBOOKCHAPTER 1 CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY Robert G. Zilly, PE, MAS.CE. ‘Profsior of Consicon Management “Ener Unvesiy of Nebraska inal, Nebr ‘THe mousray “The foster of U.S. constuction fm cantatas heepeneou election ‘Bn form he one man wt atolbox ap plckp tusk eperaton to hg ‘ampnies with honsnde of employees and mons of dallas vest no ta equpneat, Service free by tse nm ange om general contact ‘speci conactng to dean aid and comtetonrataapenet for eer EE some na Ss rc ge of he engi pec Nev Recor’ of theo 40 geal contactor ranges a cam Seis i in nc se ne i wie 8 Elion in contrac. The top 0 compseier om th lt eared oat ha fevenoc, he bottom Hl abet 3 pocee Asmar aperiys ovente iStyles of other typo of fone he ary te ‘According to sear rom Den and Breathe lice of te scone. into apper IS pt ld nx peak um 1986. mtu esr, 204 fled, tt 38.58 fins entroé te marr econo cadens conned fe prove ‘T1982 Census of Constucton Idusies reported the existence of spose 3.4000 essen wt 275,00 employers, However, # mat Be iy ome ost ht in tun 4 ofthese uct ad payrols avleg own 5030 one man opens In 08 rachel ape {takin over 90 perceat ofthe $5855 bln in eit By lat 198 the a $c of coun pti plc es aig or Sn Ce ‘Recorng the Burau af bor Staines, n 188 oe worker in twenty wasfae uum ae gas irre come at Sy py La tans a cmap Pe moyen poses yoo)layed th consti indy, fra ofl of show 5.8 ion. 1982 {Bott ws ou 9 mo, ever hough the dary we alfeing m t ‘vor recesson, Over, about 10 peteeat of employers ech Ste ae “Somber ote combat ny ‘USD Lao sends» ere hg of nection woke ie ear 200. Base on pete gow res, foal enone Uvleteey are tm of he exauy wot Ge fom ta 8 lon. "Reta in Cenc Ani ced 8 te coartrctan indy’ contsuton toe ss national prodct (ON) was 3 tT comptes co gar of lost fo ptent in te ely 06 ic whch ios 10 pera by 187, shih noted ta teen ot {i corso iaty'Corerbston otc ONP igor dba bythe ‘spate depend om bom elt whch mars oe indo = gel ts ae end wn, Hwee ¢ (powng amsence of de dosoy of the US. "inwtcte™ egy roa, Epes di ato evan ont ol vere re Patlpons in she Construction Process ‘he one, The makating epi of eoastucon fms hae shown sow EEA spe ep enn te thd ‘pment sme tian conterion jet nied by create promo ‘ont a ale sorts on the pa of eid coastaton ns Howe "Reger wae govern nee, compa, of eva diva, wh ay iat Bei oc if entrtin Ps no he [Eph Hal vole gang sorruston poet from concn to cay Soi ferrin wae ve nove Geer trie hen ‘Seal wih the pale pecaned by a now pel. However tena ay ita uncs af te mere of reoneengiecry and eetacr h ‘liad thle posto Ser lay an icesnng ove ‘Sr eStatiaon fe cnontip ih the prowlor of contraction ners "Rupe the pestew mpact ever cxrted by owae's on te eossrocionf- styrene rom ste by Te Danes Round Tables Canton Ine fy Coat Eoivenca Task Pores. ne enmay rept “bore Conte {Brahe Monoy te ores roped the work of ove 250 peop rm 15 ‘snp including bth spp ard urs of constton ses wel 8 nae nd indy oranzton. Te tra te eprt en best De sum Inuieed fy & gout om he forevard weten by Roger M Boag, foe CE ote Utes Sten Steel Corporation Heo es core areaeemene Fete Est ane ene miocy ‘exh sec cn id “hs our ean empties tho ‘ecg em tins ge on 5 ne poup, Ome ma Jer eps ens, woken po tana oc ‘wna ay group fe vente 4 i roe tas [ox Gp ned ara soa In dain wo te summary root, 73 addins ropa were plied owe xing pct pobens eons analyzed by he Task Foxe. A sarc of ‘egal mectngs flowed ts nun 18S pobleaton, and cope th pate wer widely dstutd. They maybe obtned by wn The Bains Rounds 200 Park Avene New York, Now York 10166 “There were many spina om the work of this Busines Roundtable group, ‘aman hem he Constructo Indy Ita the Uwe of Tense Reg {i Wie soveral ge consrcton Gmewere a enn fob sei ths ‘ie aor reat st oe ven tthe mga proves age npn Sy. {tof ens svn: In fer, thogh eres sppoaeic fo Sortact Doce phd gwar een ncaa eager of Esc pal Seeding ake producti stu alized wae esr toa programs, and promotion of safe ware entice Overly soy ta ing ps dade conc: enc po “tomers he pit secior fo deliver projet eter Se cheaper: Sat pressure tom government gents eves have been eh lor ves eager ‘The Designer Acordag wo Cl Enpincaring pai tere were oer 5,000 ‘cites wl onlin eginecring fs ote Unied States iy 986 hes unt probably neglects te lrge she fsa fen “one ma,” peratons Ua ate sl provilg a vary of sgn syle athe oa eve. tn ‘hrc he bing for design servis fe 149 lon ced oy he op $09 ‘Isig ems ta in eong Peon ep for te gear OW? OF tl 1G tgs, 46 percent went t eagocar architec (A) fn, 2 snag apncerng fms, 15 to aria egcer (AB) fn fa aac Hr, {Sn ob enpncerng tm. Thee perentage sh ie cage hase ‘Shore fr 194, wh heexcopon of sgnitea shit of ting ow AE fms ‘oTEA tis, ven hough he rvenos of design Gms wer roving the 1988 drow to a clo ther pros gow a sghy ase than 8 petent mile dice aber Po fest ae by aren pera, Or 149 por Sousa accoring or {Festonal Sences Managemen Jura Toute wn ea eidete tits Boag Inaaion oar ae chest cole eps og comin eg pb as npn ayn. Tresor by rising costs an the emergnce of rew sea of speciation, ‘ott meston manpower stots, nanbet of eign Rem Sve go ths ‘eg ous in an atom 9 se he problems. Once a rare pesos ithe design Geld, mergers and scgistons have grown othe point where Eng eng ewe scr rane fruort atmos fo Keep reader abet of “hrs In nay, oe weave tage acon ‘Shndgenons an stity ae wou hve been frowned ona eet ot oo ‘Buy youu ig, Ik seo no oncom to fad eg fms in lt ventas ‘Tale autre he ldo prelate bull "a cnr, Oe 4 in coma a inte bo of sein {Re dawgt tow secntons of sree sed eaplacra mo the al ee ‘nec ene, aia a toon Ds ‘rays tigen nd Sms and» wey of ote projects rang fom eva Teasneat pet got coe, Thr totes fave cepods op a eombinn tons cefnlopc sna Buin ils invobng te manage ope ‘hips: atari product ones and ine. For the sonst coor = Ay concurrent se he pal nm up. "Arde eis, mae of he Cnn thet mesons cau Sr guy eed io ht hs io y meagre cui ape Echt on ff Wh rots rons nce Fe Edy cove turks cones poop aes ye [Bret of the. Conus~ genera bung como aad operative bul, ey ooarcton grad enero cl ne toa nds [Se EEaip sto sto constant nt 17 ce $5 Sln ape aa tne 1 come iment at ‘Sk etc swe oe 07 ba 82 nen cp yarn ol cy nd a dpe a rae ak he sal ate cnsteian er rening a ove S22 iin in ‘The 352 billion tel for 1980 ts obi an wie ro ols opens siete peel wn Cotton pend Wing as ch Sowet ‘SSSA na aa $50 bon i ott {eS Calling td fon pti comracton, repenog now Snag a hts rash hbo my Pfiing contacto ot onthe aget epmnt of he indy, is prob. any te Dt compli! eso bh calony an mgt em Ut css who cone eet comteoton pen ents Sipe Secs gue coach ope ade spt otc ng SaiSpesy Sarasa dec cnmocs wi omer rach STREETS CLs wore ego cacti Sage lua nts cs rb nerf Spe petage wach ote SEER setlon sane comucn, and "Suton opera Sta acon Dg costco wel ot ober Gps oo vein he {omic moggonet Spend wr le ops he ont ‘Sos Dlg i pt i pation ZEITRN po for epee arth en wh presen: On pts ‘ing prjst ny of fase approaches maybe selected by te oper, On gv ‘hnnct ve, from feds to al the sop conrel approach may Wel ‘al yw ov genral cnraors hive he apaity of kandng trl buling post ‘thee posal Tedd yori (otc Spcistnc fo sch acs tg tect mei week, Piping ese Aon, do ‘ny cies. Asaimer oat tee has beta anesnge rend on he po $50 lg pal conto acne re ec contacts 9 {E55 g move mote ong the msnogement ee “hee ae bouillon speey eases the Cras ures oot, bey 39 peret of thm have pyr The a! prow acxbuts or ft Ove shel uct es toe 10a i a se 8) Spec carter ener ty Bagong News Recon’ (ENR) al a ‘ey ected fo ovr 5 bon never 21 peat eens verte pe. Vos yearned nthe ENR ropa mechan eetsen,Senoien on ‘wrecking. excavation ah foundlon, aig aod abet me ing tnd Co tin wall an steal xeon pei fms ‘About one hd ofl pely eaatarors wt pol arin the mechanical and het lls. n 158, sou 400 elec! hs nh ay id $303 ition constuctn week nite alt ion smpayees. Tl eer an oe {ote of sot 35 percont over 1582 figs in uth Gara ae eles. The {op eecizt fo ENR 187 lat posed pera ga Over PRG he op neha prem. ‘Ath 18608 dow ow close, the mao problems of consseton companies wee wt prt fly tats bonding Sung physic vase ‘fv nd poeta shartge fled craft, On te pes he ty spre a have rine tea om fa tneageect sce sd eu ‘oscfo toan eas woe work rested the ener elon ot cree, nd ng et eps tile ech moned tough eskaive sen However agencies Ene ovettietnd leat ne neg ate Sen sy at A Gwe ape nes ota eer tte Seiad er ioairteemitan tual a ecegoeeegene Steichen mraranees ecient Rasim roving wegen mot ay dtcrnedn metpolan ae wack at a few union oriented, contractors complain tat they ste geacaly higher then ct tsished wanes ara or malo acto A coun oer ness Soigac munis ecriormaerme Buy esd osaconretesaeh Gap on i Sars coe ey Hyer cones ove the conateron indo hve ose pelted y he enechar eee etn teem thtsb, sbanGone for» in inthe 1880 and thenrctned to iton a seve ‘aati gotany sats hat witout be strong promotnal acing othe (GSA, te oonnactn management approach Wot. pot be as suOnBy et Ceithed nthe muy nt ty. Slay, the OSA, he Veterans Ad [Sot nd ut? ter faeatgeocks spect contactors pe feenng wrk for them tut the exe! path matod (CPM) for contruction oma en scheduling. While pertaps ot «moral, ths i help © Fr a open inert rer gee, Teciqes pee lances wes val cigiteaig, 8 ve fo gs {ight mgs corto forte eat on is ged aay by many ns EE fen se construction manoges With conection liber shag pe {lle forthe cay 10s, the Burana of Aporetee Temiag he Depart ‘of Labr wl Sly py slant ol the are scces of he ads ‘Gr theate eee tga sd Heensng are ole eed y Te state £0 cel he qs of sen snd ontrasion werk. Paget ry state ‘psa stony deo or psrlng veg ne Freed mats exposed by feral agence aa introduced ion [tena dog, Arist seenc of der ung coe, ate ahd al vcnments ng cnote intone or more of ewe accepted buling Errtmeccs reatng cof Cnt va friana pte ‘Sen sve inv of staf to fea! povernea, “Hcog te 1 fete invert the soe’ infsretice ha ben ects pocesage the pote atorl proc. Alhongh some of ie ‘lesa os han up bye tts, there le doubt ta oad, bie, ‘congo on wer een ply anda wei ofthe pul sere lik ‘SUH ene dnger of psoangunsenecsbie, Thu, mor ter of te ‘Strain ina hs oon es lig vn vce yeas Ths Seccd nor oly sostatonprosuetty,but din the veal produtvly OF ‘urine Sostese od ay. Iinary Awslaone, The Aercan tat of Aciece, which a mixed it ladtGl ni company members, eprasenie sectoral protesion "RE mcean Cowl Engines Cone evtespet and reeset cine ih al xsl ih eon ad vs sy Tease in nolan to. ese gouge there tre india umbesp ‘Syentatns cho he Nebel Sosy of Profesond Poglneer the Amt Teer Sai engineer te Ames Socey of Mechel Eng, the Conseton Specs Inna, and te Areian Society of Feat, 1X5 Coniconng ane Rettgeraton Enact tbe comtction nds tryna wnty ae ce a ee Insts of Consroctors, ken mcd tin cent ‘hts wea pone contacter ngnaatin te Asoc Geer ‘Comicon of Amen fed in 917 ate res of» mectag ele hy Pres. {ie Witte tans wine or poems nthe insty- Olly only ‘Signed tomad the anon cots te erleton vow tebe POW hte opera opeatrs Tom! the apc needs pen sop conn torr the Asogated Gules and Costectrt can i exten inthe 19505 iain. is eorentmenisbip triad up ef Both gers aa pel conacos The National Assen of Home Burs represents home ul 'Anunber of contactor erations ae organized by splay: te mechan- ic ld hct erring elena vec Sous ne hse fms enna pinay a subeontacos nc crpnan ans ho mor "ch each Ser, thc power an insence wee hse Tse oe fr In ofthe Aneta Sent Asan negation Wh ‘lr et a romp payment ander sessment fom pte conacons “Al of thse Indu egenatioe eave lyf te Ganges kleine ti and mast sre pial aed though PACs To 96 Sion dey promos edicon sn per tnng programs er bo snap Ie and ade pessonncl. Many have boon pry sapporve ef bachelor Sts pagan jo contcing naease he cy el sd te ‘hs pint uel cotutans fo scolarship pops Aloe ms iio nf eyopen won ads he mony roeacuty that thn he day. wees CONTRACTOR RESOURCES A cmstn ty mvs eth en i ni a ‘Sanger of peopl, predocs, an produeton equipment win gt te sad Ione rmewot bbs! y ponte: New workers mut be eed ne Fehced poo! erie y ow ah rts oe sto eae Sopot ot ‘pio a als, href wing cmon st tie and younger workers so laking to ther antes provide crest tates Whe thre have teen some oe avances ne peau a fo [ro Sosiuctn project, the note sie, ower wth ooing Veh to pods, and ae envronnontl cones tvs competed he bubdng seams seat mate fg nt he ly as sep a ‘ato pl ivatnt by entractrs Hs eee tothe Pst whee pobt ‘ys eng Sooty tected Constuston Labor ‘As the 188s drew toa lose tebe between pen shop a nin proponents ‘Sintueduntete. Essar of opens ser conta ranged gh a5 8 perc, ba sions wor song he tga ctelrores. Tale 2 {esons broahdown of onpojed wage ad nary wore by eect ‘istry, ane vl tition, Overbacowing te in veces Sate st he pedi tat the 550 woul be ina snow sharps of sed cay {htcton workers, The role of decking poo of andar vig [pb ites wil tparety be coped byt se of tow tung pe Eon designed eles the aca sppretseip sig peat ay Sy ad ss ee ‘Woon 188 contrection enpayment ptked at slot 5.5 aon, i proce hat sbovt 2500 sow workers wos be needed each ea fh foesri a, tt ga often ny voter lel eles ‘Stes and dopouts and 30 percent to meet «predicted 2 percent nan ‘Powis rtrd een teen that he cnstaton indy wil ve © rght atom perc fl workers ening the labor rv a 185. "Foe proning eed eect now woot conte coupled withthe beaten ek wor wth eee le mn Fras ve of gay, For ng tne, pon shopcotracors were ale te ‘resin vlneg wont y prominin em ae hours of work pt year To. Top heianny ares oe" aoomly of nt enough non enfemen ‘scratch anon wore Arn! os in ‘tes poate destne fe ungram ppestcahp propane nese Sings plans oul be of bento te vey whe pn “rissa mg hte dma poiion. Othe oe and he growth ope ‘Sop tuning pops hae bow wah ta pew vaiveeton he pat of ra Shen heh far aaye dered th ng ton ofthe Uno ‘Ring fogs, Wik nove ening progrins rave nt yet beg amet Ke ‘Shunde edu they wal pablysevelo rowing mbes of kl sone ne lt 19605 was gener conceded ht he unio sop contac was suing mag desdvniage m compan othe opemstioy contactor, How Se etn po tie tenet ener ne Sie Fo Spc sc worker a posed to about 3 percent or elon workers. RE TRSTS Be Sotmy a orgs nora caring predate oF ersopensory workers) Fg’ ena for ani workers inressed his TarE Eat mday persion cnmpanis improved he bent pct, Meane ‘hie nuns wa opin to reales hat concessions n work rues nd wages Sec tiie we a ne weary nk So LE Wale ln stony ov Highway Come ean ‘Glek sntupet ork tt cold obi uno coppraton Members of Gi tsep ne ocusealy gamed mor recut n our aes Ut WOFK ‘elma fas fen ace sie to make tem Speke Sle Foti pelfraton ef yor rlsom sine eonsuacton projets the comet avons arse tage” bas probly ech the gs ctr reg ‘tinea preety Sade soot neat teat te te ake ope Terese tas wns le sound te be Bat bye te eed {evo ui ase! worker e found st ste inte ver an open oomed {Slow ave tfconey. Thum tee some way tothe openshap approach {GAT opnes in the net evry wera en weieve neces Ive ‘eampcnce in ace than one trata Sine ts cone ist te fe te sheet spicata rea ‘Constution Management Personnel Craguaon frm + wacom cil enginsing program ot sg though the Ser St Selene fn bose tation ese or lope ‘Etucien manogementpetromna However at ening moved Ce SSac the monasment Sapoet of crinsrng edwin as nsnzed. Wi {eovcepion a ow cil sacesne programs which ered cosvton op ‘Soest cnpnsaing oust comtocon managment was ierezungy ne be Be pe “US Dr ar Rec air Ss inn ty abe ‘Neogene fo ‘Average hou ening, dolls “Kap ay Sosfetive This edt te Goveagmet of constuction management progr a ny nvr and» grog nun of managers re coming or thi cw, ‘orce Mesqwhasponton fom he rank sl val, py teense of sews pope proved vats concretion on "whe trbnloga specs of the cossuetion proces ean avays te prove he inatty an nes oan een fed for is false people and Fonsynenguen. Adrants anmslempenston for Pel petal hope ‘ily 2 the inlmore thax pe To inprveren a those ares. Asan 0 Fettonel Admtesion Sere, Ines th sary for pret sipennendehe [Rene toy 8640 fo 245,64 fobwcen 188 apd 168 ad or stant pe Jensen rm 27,0 0 $327 Pant ond Engineering Compare 027 pret serge nereasein he cox of onstvtion machinery {eB nest are wer pei fo 18 he eae ‘Sosa wld ocenae wht sone vscarere sem ss conglng eine lve in he Soren nds. Ts praise poe ‘Sell nce (ons igs and seme and water treats lars spo ‘SR by ne Ieee gansenese Togetor thane trends nde te Son sop poy achoninony. Hover te 8 Sao he vestnga tx ceit ha lo cotuts 1 reduced equip ie amncetip by emoteson soaps snl! be pede, however, ovine and aloes okie nd cy Sit iucpoerer to mnchine ower yin, ter ream aitive stace © ‘Gandy ede smc he concept of dein epi invests me TOPS be is drt a lose, constrain eumen sles were strong, and cet were lets a etch and Gowlopnen expentars were fy aos etc, Hon bin a em eran od ‘rig eb placer to ping. How qk theo cones can move Fico me wopce oyone' ipso forest ection a “novos hat i nelde a i pi or ora alr eon ‘Sorte taronaon ctr hu to talor strain to wadtonl metiods fc “Akaosnconaon nt neni cots be madela ona of Pac iNe of fe mmc, Sone contactors contin to work wth hl equ Eex sop van to i velop spool equpent hot weal se Spec ‘rblen but unuotorer re ct oPay the ad Fe ‘constrution Products ina hy compte ad at mrt pe has ben amor assem foram troseepicaag the pact peta fos coomrecton je he ne Bie ule mee a soe gobi, eh Sons ition for copper, tel and ‘Stina However, insane te wi probaly average between Sa pea ating some ufresoen surge constuction avy. With the dll [sng ite poston, tno of steal an ence my wel deine allowing Jo. snipes ld nd poly eh ara se Aah Sew pos {sn to fw the marketplace, he pac acaba Yo have sawed, proba se oul a he eu ly ade gmig ee ova a Bon ower uasasfastory produc ofoemanc, It's Sede tate atest Prt and he probionvah some pnts milton mals have fe hoe sonal percent cnc res ‘cane, glowing preicson or potion and mle conten the 1s aren longer receiving much steno ned aes eam cy psa a rece ee le predation have fad an pe on te constuconidaty Ie ah, 200- Seri ool mucosa cf bil ois ech ino robocs uy mate ed comico aeiies wane cera oo he same ne may bye inpa on ow prosu devpmen. ‘Oval rhea and soins cn ote mows snaerne in pclying src anc epg on be ded mc {Engl contrat on the jos However sv pice pressure bie f Dé op in Fate yer, the testy wal spin be fred to cand vate predic ‘hat lower cst and chenpe dal os EXTERAL BUSINESS CLIMATE Wir the possible exception of thse engage in design and bl projects and speculitivetilng there re any extra eae aecing the ott: On Hej ot hs poet, the comractor no gen the pouty fo cor ‘mont ofthe constr ote ravings and spetcnine poopared by ‘sige ls ado, be mest fen Rntin she owner's ach, Sigh poeenage of coarucnon cost ut the peopst ele fl scared bye owoes Tis isin pt ect that healed un 0 pave te ‘hrs wry of Son au cards of nunc Financia Reuirrents ee Sregetaareearthoracte at rena Gactanee nena reas ‘Shur nani ul cyt otal pcan ed thc cmt hovow se of nthe wang py sa oecaniace ee ome she contactor ely paying la own tani edn De Emo: meccbace certecramraes ed, Thy the cat of money expend I artccaon, whey it's Ne as mares Se eesthe coat of money tid up peed poet. AS intrest estate on aye ne Sat pring pro contro by tosurvNe nly eompesve market loa cn iw ater mort econ trac wotsng sever! projets concent. Delays oF speedup ca eee isc tenn Send fae o meet pyrl or eget and materia ot. {heft contacts wow nope ine of cei wheats ose, Bak ‘tote ny sth al sition Adiga ths problem ste ownes Semand BER ctr an eal pth sohedalnghaiqes over whieh ke owner ‘Showed excessive sono be maniolaion of sonra cvs, WA ‘beatae fy the eotactor wit a ates on he il profs ome. ‘BY dict cls heat in svng sah Bow problems However the owner ‘eck cont te conto hay be Geied tis opportmiy Wilh MO Te oblous tht most contraction mnie ae depeden on nds some cogs tne Tuy hey have fo be Pepered presente ancl pos Tito ateany on consaaous basi Wee there ae tl oo many fens ha tke of Senos ta ol fr ral df pear 2 ‘ot ent npr od oh wise vain in company operations, Poly ts deceit mo Seca spit work, However, tee {plowing mut of cosrocton constants, lage aesounting fa, td 50. ‘Eine ahchen ater comparntve Sere bared on say type ffm ad = [Josie nen he cones wha can peat ef bots at om Ce ‘Ear soats-catene bites so elu on tvesmeat, ht stuck op well Wit ‘Shyam the one nol be best ured by teeing ageclswith ‘Shh be chet o Sel ‘conetton Contac Documents ‘om conetvly id pj, the comtctr ha te orn input int the doe ‘Shas ih wie he ape acomplia ebaaves Ro fend tem ‘Sie tv oe ht tc demande ae rnsonbe. Thy ince the Tonio bid or nonce hy imation om private work, pletion on pb), ‘Sruclns to ido, fe bd oe propo fr, the ears, the general anor ‘Sec oatone of somac, eek spcfetiorsy and he dowine-A Site aml ety Sead per sd ae pal cle “Mihough nck sos 29 yar to gan wiespend acceptance, the Conte sin Speciation Inte Sander forma fo cansteton pee bs tots Sona to bth thes wan tut repre thom 2nd tose who st read ESR Wc omnycansulagenpners re al eset of wat hey ops se uch of emghne on togerng spans of projec the CSI format Is ‘hat aecope fr bul Enso tax reuent eed for bea 0d ghey resets. Hopes can mame the debts tween gener and RESET Coton ovr who ls respone for what and rede the me TE icaic Speci tomato eer enotnat that he CST member Spates nce wn on in Tacease mow pi procs squire “open” speifeasons and many pate profs ova of tae ten sor eqn spent has og tees Finn tory contoton The mal appeech Io speliy On OF OE rts by brad ams, alowed by te sxreson “or pprved equal: ‘Semingly laocaoussoiement fas cst the indy wasted Hours argues ‘el wed daa ven eget comer ep ie ype ‘Burs ave come ote conctuntan that "epun does ht mean “dena an {Bats sobs forte ped brand man nly eet en {ermance sanare ‘day consi ae sa Tete eee ae pen scab seam ca cog feng Wisi woe eco totic So idarentcetesry nisi gaa, they ae unlikely 1 uote thei lowest pric Hence the designer and owner Bn aoa iesnenbe se hes ian ket ose tests wih hence os SS eitaecibectaaas SB at eer a document "General Conditions of the Contract for Construction” " Se Ce eS ee oes seater dvi or ceing the areitec of sae sare 0 roponsiy for the Eeeede renemnatecantnl eet nse gt men nen cee Selo aajonnct rae rt amet eum IBeJob se. Langage covering te reece vstton responsibly ie ‘gee swage, tod the contacto’ sponse To may te archi of de fog ene nee aaron cde opel doce ene fret the tc pen eth tes he 7 eon dacs oat ese oe iit meters biahts rsuccseety 8 te feof the once appears to Be he mse ak bearer ona eae= isto pret Arte ect fie oer he man pon on ssc Ses ried sly we poe ih owner ination te cst Soe desu Fp wht he ane tego bh te see oii ben ae ajectiosiag fs mehr 0 pant say ang "Boab cae capability” wat once a pide to er ssking ‘ial contractor forte constrocton pects: Hawevey are hee Bt Periods when this taement was of Gabo ale Ta ic pat hee were secant tn nc enone scuneterarguen sommes tacatatt ther oso ari wa at ununedcovracos fur eno hin oUt aie iciredegtitstemmes yeas sae ‘Es ar ao ig at sme capable coat find cea hala Yon. Sige ctiegsateeet sp ger baecmterngyt e via apnea paces eet pars hteanes cinoma riericestencattag amis seh Scicpramonpaesr temas tories te Srovih eyewtane ac ea aaa Spee me Rveweng science eres apoptosis emcee trios ar fing fle to obtain soceptance by a eusty conga Tae esos ht Sg ie sare Roteheae nee anne pace iisbeatete eon CLs Ria he esc a une rmuatinar a wales fed a cureearaetet ce ssirauer tet car gecmetemarcne tear i fee a ce pen ieecteirccriastec meses ache Ma Sey opine Sissy seein as paneer Uke coca ceciaaa tage teat gute are wee eewtre tts ann een ena iceitng tata merge cen astern smc cmicner caer SURES ee ie comucewte sca Selec hicmeni pean Siargesastnee aie ceca choi tcpatiru mtariicnmrct as ‘iho fevers ht ost ry compan rove ons ri ont shee toil islander oe nae (ebmpestnt the owner ore sference brn the fom ld ed th enor Eunnhncericimienenmrrmergaet lea Sioeramataatinte vie een eae En Sostesad teamed ace sod Crag olny wed hen the ow ren cone. Sees ress cece tee ‘Soul Soest mca poet te agin al nd aor Dome ieclahcnba pci eave oy ee workers. Tere are alo a umber o spe arpne bonds mest avait of Poblom ensoumtre nthe nd “GosractonInereee. The contrac’ ituranceequireets re bth mas- ‘ttn tn eperl ist e must sompy wi helo woe egestas ‘provide workers compentaion and other pes of inerans, Seca east ‘Scoply wih the requtements ote sont frp poet Fay ‘mut dei on further norancs needa he reo targa anny of Is poston os each projec. Leg insurance reauicmuns sete o oct te {Stuton "worker conascual Tegument protect ‘One and nicotine ope the gp ef by the ter twa Ath onde, omic fed sous nceases surance co nthe erty 18. How ver, wit he exception of worker's compensation, coe Spud (0B Sa Ting in ery 188 employs injured on ha job waa the mercy i em ‘ayer, Oe, te enployertveked te welLesabateddosiaes of xo Fisk “conatory seine, and the “flow svat le fo toi ee hl esponuity Workers were expected wo undertand sn arse th sof ‘fevorigice, sre sumed to he sootibed to sry feces ep ‘iy eating te rset wa st eon we {Sk Wht coming of worker's eompeneation neta pcre cng ih Now thence marsh nf he ro Sil or atthe company penis. However, some sates a compete ‘Sng hon computed oahu where Rents are tray geerons “Tete wie vars [othe admit af tae varios ate ws coveing work's ompenstot, Soe ae ete state operated whet fe Sete tse oti rae Mos et roa ‘eon to ebue is na law scan sits [sms er Sot of ora based or Vik sgn to exeh cotton, [BS ea sek Spent he pe oe a of [tte workin, aso provider eee for esting ood one ae Frac ah ert carienion of workers by ake Ss PY Imadics to worker's compensation nd cmp’ ably, cotrator are req to ery insrance thm covers prenaes aed onerous td ‘plete peraton, propery Same dstmaben anda vay ote ‘Spun of ter coecta’ latin tha owner. Ws wo oes Know te armprchesive general fbiy pole is se common, sd se eno fe nd ‘ily Menied wath specie potas aga. Among the newer ap roaches 1 constrain surance the formation of taeanton gous {rit whic seaue, This approach may won a ieurance ees ls fase of thse groups hive bee nancy scent Ant sponse ihe fi pune gps (RECs) whch rn lst nce prc ing cope seeking lower ate treat group ston. A il approach the oo ‘le iaurancepoclage require ra apc cnsrscoe pet, ‘ateves tht approa to insurance, hoo conta a Keo pod secu ba a surety in proweng eam dee to eee nes ons a mhinum. Reser een epting, welshep op ad sense [Stinurncecompony intrmstion neal inporat Sly ‘eon stices proved by tense te italy aponnt to te sr Go Iter and sou lay a tegen selon of a nrc providesINTERNAL BUSINESS CLIMATE soo ety en nn low cpt eqiement lad lrg mmber of eon ‘Staci rs, wh over hee quarters opereing assole poptrhips Pat. ‘rsp crow or sa than 5 prent a corpcatins about 20 percent of ah Fin det cungng senso cima son pact on corporations and Pech, ts upto fey the may sel propetorsie Ia he rhe fission wl een wigs on th ale may net Bees bey popicorsipe, bur ater Donan ey have fis tos wp a good sea {fete var hem of tapencg cash Mow poems. There mre tah tay ‘lor fn te comments “Lak at o1d Coie ame. He's born broke foe 6 Inga nd oes even krow "With he pasioe ote TEx Reform At of {Baers aw covtmorbave made oe of the €S Capon.” Unde thi fm shes conan osu mambo of harbors pay tans cana bythe ‘hipornon sabe tan hve oth corte wd lide income tne. Rowe eeeSGmncor sao Bowmy of Re Corporation ecase eno AVES desta ‘counting Sine fs of inal onl 2 maj facto in contact fares, ood ‘Stig sytem omy. the ab of th a des ot watt the ale GREER omen of compet accountants aval treats comsaling ton fae sco wey toy bn Sex cantacars ok ‘ox contol spending money wal In advance of execs fom 2 Proje they mut fave a eureat ptr of thet fine poston in oe 0 oktmie gtr ah ddioaprojes ean be lest Mose work veh ‘houpy prota priced may alstaly crate a faa eas flow weakness eto ‘ASgp pyran trom oer poets changes nthe planed pac of work o> Ceblngur sow popes, Py the eotractor most be able to preset is tea ncach asic ba and fecmenly owe ‘5zesny tos lonn prealinon for Satins & pew poet Sans di yan ve with or al edt of accunng However these metho ty nt presente ead current IE ‘SF's tel pon 2 they ase ed wi cut, tanger cone ess oe copied utc ot Poa fom fe ser ree tsa pening ne ey ae eral ‘evens Senge be ofan complained thn sme contactors anil te ESfoleed sana seoutig sytem, an tbe BGS Tax Arlt hs cone Cees coneecor scouting metbous are si being debe i the Co ‘tenons are tht courts’ tues wis that her ent > ‘Eng ets ay’ Sool rte ne a eatin ees he bode “Te on important csderatin i aeing op contacton fr coun. ing ystems to powemedate ody f cot dt ht ce ‘SkpTeteat sven og the controcton ate. The second most important onl isn't fe stom ans presen creat formation oma ate Rei? the jepson of cas flow plan: Pal, te ost scsonting eaten ‘st bea to peset the sone Haase poston norma any Un dersoody thas who hve sept pod to evaluate fe firs nl po "i the pid developments inthe compet induty pata hero ‘computer, ete ha come apie nthe number oan who Us ea fanz someting ston Mont ofthe nen frre may re cpa ‘Phening pays purchasing wells the Drone ngs of oer accounting fueatone i hae le some fr To iterate, va the computer, el cute ‘Brora eile, henge eo sing, 0 Cont Engineering arent nips ik ft nw tp mic resent ie eae ore Soarer, parttime ree net eat cia fai Sy aoe gue Seceifeee catty atgzeioeate pte Sota eee eraser arene eter cones eas Sac cemcmeo ae EL Scat mrmperiencgreeoan® tae ses Seaham SoS, Sh en ac eos ng pene gn et a ee wags mee rarer grees a SS cee ee Reena ect aienn aoaieencnrs Eerie Sram dacy ene fae peenan ‘header na tiny mansce It's wil hat ted compan oa enact Boe Sait era ttc tr hal HERSE oe racer er eaecerend ince fierce Natya ores aneee ee oe fitter he nape Se en PSs uricetenegcu fete ie each ey Kemerestrereer cece ip Sear giaeeetaente eae Speak Radars atari sah Sewleetdhs cute amet arto Sle ep gn uta ects teearis manana ame ment ashesieeg he ere cent coamarrer: EOE cee Giicn seidemmerectiecttat ieee eee tes eine tate re rman Seton ah Gah eit te ce ee cesietsis chapter Pea‘he door of yn bor. Mnagemet hain esses neptned vay is ight ‘Bamps Inte ares of ethology te ae, une cet emposton, Thay oo fen peso as ene eth No ne ef enon me ‘ying seni poducnn sade Ina flat tose oe relic producay ais. At eth tion owl, sin some eel in esosomesy ated ‘fou, he union oem wing to compra ‘The internal Revenue Service (RS) (an Inmate acquinance of mos, con herein sme core af contol over the contrat’ sc ‘using moths ad te sae ine has oe ay about he epretaton Program for fd sts Sod machinery. For the contac ui the com SE i eg of cg te bcs gm oth crm of the ta nw ad the wy the IRS Imerpeted thems ‘ig the 18 Th eaten ere ha seo Became a ng ofthe par {nd longs provi a incentive Yor contractors to purchase‘ el ‘Wie the IRS exes sir concl overall indus, te constvetion tol own he fw af many, both nando. ls abject he apa ‘af weather and widely varyiog ste condons. Thus, is only eo completion the ont tats a sins to eleulnte projec pois, Perentageot nmpisto sauna bese by probleme. For camp, snough proeet, ny be ai somplte' physica the sonractor har siost ears nt ito pa mal ofthe Bd price Because of retains, som pA capates “Se dea oa eve ne ones en he vim a one seen ed ny ofr cnc oc ‘Bp peal contr Henao se fe ch 2 ‘Phased dy ht dor mre nate coin extn xabing Enter competence Compares must so cal wi be robles a sles ta fr constuction masts, fe) an uly seve, These ary Widely, td ee {ngton for pub projet edt be dexermind. For some contactor, overhead is «nebulous tm thet is often fle ut el om som and moaworos Tir shld not beso becuse comblacd j0 td iy hn cn era ta pe ree ots not included nthe contact price, reduced pols ae ihe result (eof the mot stsive of overend cose the cont of money invested a particu projecs Whatever tetod of Boancings frm choos 0 wee=bane ‘ean ine fered or company eapish~ine cost ofthe money roqled 0 ‘mon puyol and materi ets ol covered by owner Payments mast Be cl ited na charged tote Jo, ob overheads tne by the Associated General Contractors (AGC) af “Ansel “Job Overhend Surry.” Se rprventd by lengthy is, te ‘itene oc which ave vio inince yt parca chatter a ach Drfet fr fet, te AGC Tis ple 4 sophistication in the algae of [rorei ems i each speci jo thf sloom delayed by the small com ‘hetor: However, logical to esse that small projets often ree more ‘vert thn larg on.» percentage bast, that hghice projec eaand ob, that ao 50 er oe ‘urine work wil necesntate were protection sot tht my bo noaee Ison forsommer work Tus, jb overhead neds to be enc aalyaes fot {sehr poe ond cs Be eas a» tan percent ‘Ceerlofce overhead is another atea whore comtactes need exercise el ndent, A eos pls cari nde whe te tet as aoe fo te con ‘tater wi cam rg ve ote ine ‘Sis rn Semicond anew nd bd Fay ca conpevie bel contact iat won ene bea fr sae fe ‘ots fe thowe toe i th tence of ovehead ome ar ae itt oat, tis obvous shat th tingy fm my De ha els uch the spond ee Oa te isthe es mknan lve ot epenging om sty Blow whi nara ‘Salon tn cons wl stron to ean tn of epton, ir eo fits thee ta smiar minmom ncn of frre anes mache 8d de fA bight ae chor ote with negate eminent ener cla of ‘Scout ta impressive to vars vis flemployeen I secon ‘ctr who recogni hat often tert nbcontet week whch res {any spit avestnan and whlch wi boron the fms verbena necator Sena the rena an acourig Seve mg vai Walt IWS or a urns machines roe ‘Too often ine eontraton nsuty, rs what et when ll he bil ee Fils an ts subject fo ecaye-ocon ur tet ay some when Bs swe volta give han very ines of beng gy soz The or Sty ow rat margin nde heh mow contactor wo probably ore {Gia plcosipvt msn cov someon 1" The real mensure of a company’s success i rtura on Investment (ROI (gee Fig 1)" A good ROL cut be ahieved at one eee by dans Tale {Ry aa amostt work vey tik proton tis At eo 8 nna en hy on capa moc 2 al ay ity ba [ar Hoc conicir sang Mat pot on ne slicers theo Sepa bist td ete far anual ero: Stone ecb tly be netted ns sguued ing nS, te ft bss pene norton at ‘ny fd ar tego much wor ache onic HOT ft in‘Cpeaions Faery Prop: Sreaagcoeson Bt fe bh Spoctycowraco Ba ae Se Tague 14 age of Seed Boss aes for aye Smo of Cancers RCARE co hi on sm RO. in! Cn tn he early 1988 Dun & Brasco ep showed 2 mean promt on al of 36 poran fos group of over Ib) contactors (Hb THe sPeon sales to et worth rove of sani) ra To is ae group wae {Etat mean pon net wort as 16.3. Fhe midi 3 rc ot Se iy Has fang fat poo ae om 3. fo. rt et specter ho Bt ee fo SS SS TSteSus period, Bua Braduece (ral 13) reported lose margin {Si eto iy a whe Ti cus toe oi a = tn Seam ot eeecces acy ac ea Be chee ao mane Oe ESS HEBS aves contin Wile thee gre do ot ready anit to prot on sls or return se stat, they do ge some cei tothe sutton ht smal contacto, Sipe (fae 3)'h 1907 ny 2s eer fom the Shut Meth ‘in Ar Condoning Conactors Nana! Association produced sverige et rot fre tues 03.38 poecnt on sales apd net prof net war of ‘evar. Concatrs eihig to et le raft gs Won be Wel avis to ‘Endy dite aise Bom hire organo indy canola, ad ‘Soaring foe “Conteton dur profs shoul gslade a reazorable mark on labor sed materal plus iher‘nomal ovefhead costs of lng Busnes pis 2 “atiuydeteotinséby te specie site the conator must take sompe> ihe pret In simple terms bridge across the Misi! should return & age i Sonvavional residence Contests mat $St rene prt sal nd atcmp to achieve fem ithe Indust to ve ale tha by nate” consteecon ow peat Spernon“Oumte, aectecte and eainers mast rxopaze ha he costae: {Sr working om feoject pied to aie’ reasonable pf nthe contactor rot ie 6 deer «gully project on he schedled completion dat. Bosines Fare Beco tis Bsies at i ay enter, the consttion industry plagued ‘wits operator who, whe lecely quad, co ot have the managment3 sue RRshila equi wo Acc then i business tough doworra inte economic ey: ‘de and ‘even wenanged compe Ing unr sera of manent: dap of bad weather n nantispated site, por a3 conaions daw asa thsi ony une of Rand fer rak acs that ate prt ‘Sha pel fhe igo rnc Than tab surg te coc ‘nary asa vey gh fale ete However, resting ote tha be teen 178 and 86, the comraction nda fare rate auberof alares 00 fs) enced the average ate for ll baste oly 1984, Sl, ‘heh 1m conraton fare rate were the higns sinc The cpesson [the 0 ee Ege 120 14) voor eed sas T stes Ter Tro, Tae yaa ye" ye80 °" asso RGURE 12 Nonber of enacn eapy ai a shen (a ‘te pert) oe he hss aang he. ‘yim € Be Iss wih fare ete of 18 pe 0,00 ens To abies were $1.70. tan lus han tne $2465 ion fr 183 wae he eet was 19a erg 5.5 btn There ara any stor conrong fo hs ory aco ot hoe Face ele pu ut ta the comvcton indy a ged rapa ‘consis door nis cae teva sag inate TE. alr Op ‘er rand 108 appre ao ending owe, sing opi to pete {he the ntty wns eng ora.” ehcp a cheng tency et tay vb sme apc ie ey ine a Inge nse for ist cose dowe ane reopen a aw votre. coring © ‘a Bradt 3,0 ac ms append on the se STs eumbee | i fe | i oO: ea: ams; ame GUN 13 Coma anny rtp fm) Ges ete oe eB ne fe iy Oa tyne nc) (Dw bee) li) Gee enc an als acy aedesig 3.286 8 ot years pei contractors comes moe rn campy as many, at ean “oad gy" aageporaye by televton, fad en eggs ae generally not se preslent mn cnstton sn many ster bsieses ee Table f-Tn at, js pe a tf are sper to Be exo by poor pois: Othe important ‘hues rare toe lac of management kl temps to bald volume in ow teas of eosturine wahou te esosarytechnal competence, ad Som onthe pt feet (CLIENT INTERFACE any coniston compan are armed a the ou of loss persona elton ‘tipy developed tenes hens and practners ona specie pre. How: ‘Sree, Sos # company formed te press of dy bones ens to ose these ‘onus av ine tt aceks gow avencn for goweh. Alby se contactors Ee shown natal lent fr marketing er eve, ny fn een yeas Sr adipsia he el mn Ml yey The oor ments oo arketng prop inca lang, promeson (side ane socsentl enzeon of he proces pet Toe Gente of {ttt are proprm tcade te sBRY To 1 ant peaks an ally nthe S's work ood 2 Diet growth nthe mos poe typos of work 2 Radace smpetion by bling place online Did Iss or neotining con 4, evel repatton or pecarmance ovr pce ': Prove cllangr ond oppor for employes {6 Divernly promote prove cain table vom of work 27 srt capable new employes owed Svccsel mnicting demand tong comment backed by willngness tose te nese nt money © ae srk met of ea em wl rng tie pres cmtcs od eters oa complete ange ‘acre, nes, esr pove cant to gee conacts Oat ‘rs cir be conaers potent smears an ee tcutomess Cones ‘St cl rosso yrucption ted cv nets ae als porto ‘rpg te Company Grow tendon to al Project Procurement “The ined pre competive bi see he atonal approach ject pro- ‘Erma th pnd private work Working fora dened eatin of ‘Siu etd ons complt soto wrting dans peti provided by {he lan te Sonn muse dee fo ale ber fale prt prot be {inks wilh ow cron pect projet ts own soup ofc pts, When thre ae few projec com on te tart te Tat of Sgazgeagigaaggadgarg gagaas2 3 Sgagg agfgaosean me et mm ne ia see Sioa Cogent ceaelg sci httaretaten cng eer Sernarvag autga eaters aerate a SISOS Ea eget ceca i corsa eee Scot SGtnfon a ie fen ee oer tht fm hve the es Sete nieectaats waratage= mel Waray cme at yon ee ben n prorat of feat approach: Tey range fom es hepation ifuncusen Shay wae eteanctene ipo orartanm etude ner Sey coc eater utente Eg pice etuan eerve egerye tran Eeciee wurmennmm aerate Ee i cbacmets mcrae ‘Stish« mudgetconstaned desig yao mhick conte can bop 2p Set etecauet tere thet be sence eerste coadamauaaecrna Shee ptcmmantieancesne et! es idee eee tnte veces Foe ape rey eecpmetty ton ‘gn Ses Adelson i tha 18D a conte to Be wed ves Shh skeen ans conten ieee er meethecseractaramintet ae mab Gente he mneome he a Soeceeabennaitaren Siiece Electorate eoesacer ae Sb cisgeenaaiepcacuceataas mae eGe ee ae: Tee pt hag tit aie een a i eas Sree er ee cents ce rrr si fe edi bear tigger Ey eer ete the tee eyeing af gorceegatrer tek Srooge ae Secieretsresy moet ‘Contract Administration ¥ § i ‘ i “pot ne Sop ‘Once contrat has sn sgn te conven fem must set ase gal nd es ir ont fewer acai in cotta ‘has fl uneranig and sreenct fom top managurea om to sowest manager iva Gl. Hebe nenapmen tenn he ele HO “ewes 0B. Th eon me ang atest sen er poses ar a‘ut cord wih he adisistrtv goals an poe eta wo met conaet, ‘Shins eeaased chew fhe inewabe rom The fd soperinendant sito i al fly ted canoe be expected fo eommarcte Propel wal Ms Iiofest cist ihe on foc and ay eaknwingy gt prjet wo thee iy cd op tat ma wnt eet etm x ng bee om bulge snd thei. “Thre goming evidence that the mechanical dts of project dint tio cn be ess spin han the nepron of volved persone ato = ‘Sey working team wih common gas ha fe et ls Tis means tat Feuer esting wth hone oi perenne eld personel and oer repre ‘SRtaten pod tobe scutied eguenty enough tat ood pesoal leo {eve doops and minor problems do ot eter and eee avers Celie ctr ts me ea mo oe (Snes, bt an saves hep and take aoa one EucSsprocs putnam who mex soe thor undestndebe ieee ‘changes in Contact Condtons “The pret set of onstruction ces bs yt be prepared nthe ner “thods ind sonpltely tase op yt tobe dacovbre, Silay, tbe cone ‘Shc fin neon desl s pte podacon la se schedule i pte af ‘Geogr nkorert ns origoe foe forme urzsowm. Tas, is ve tine wl be chang ordre fnd senda ajsments ding te course oF the proj that wl sae cam om bn be owner an the artnet the Eonaciornbo fos pce hs wobec on cael and complet sina pls te wore n'a grace Sebel, these probes can esa ber ‘Shin. esl ney. Forte too ng with ctl a ccactecn s matredoatiertmnssente saiaarstettastiiecmremmecctsat ay ce Seg Rc eae aaa sioiurgeaiima i petcmmrerteene RENE cl tippers tent Suchet ached iam aterm naecr cy Seigetemcenae inca cite ‘hangers house peseted Py te osractor in wing nd bcke$ Dy dnerezaamth mel eiaeeracct Siecioiregal ies erencos ooo SAE St mmm eee enepe cover contains he contre who isle over ove a1 6 gelatin docu curencenctnoces iach Se oman ‘consraucron mousy 1 petro tn tng eter a he andes my be wal sings waiver of cain exe wore Teter the dor fr gh sn ot Fest ary ar shoul uur probems net itn. FISK FACTORS IN CONSTRUCTION Ever eatin prejet i ungoe follows th here ae agus we Recta le oe union oe poe, The at ta ‘sity, otto, and tcchasogl‘enowsion. The consrvcor has bets ‘ad for fature Yo progress ina ie rss, and ltbogh mach ofthe en ovis vetblown, ere tend a legacy rnning too Satety ‘Accor w the Busines Roundtable summary pot of te Costvcton ney Cas eervense Proj, “Cone fea fe o's moa a ‘rau eciptons Work ested inares nd sees feuding tales “Oe fret arate pecan higher tan te verge te oro US. ses Wah ‘koncert a ‘cciptoa injures and 20 percent of worcreted ale. ‘alg ee e009 coro nn ewes abies nrg {othe Nasona Innate of Ocspational Safty and Heals (NOSED, Ths et hal det ol of round 0 Galois about 108 do to wentng set) is ‘rinsed 0 be 30 peteet ton ow by he AFL-CIO Ties 1 13, and 13 [ncpotaifn te Netpl Bocadof Lar Seater eoncring Ser ‘Spd ecepatonal ess he consveon indy gre 13 poset au eonetn fais octring n 586, sion othe hum le poe pace fey performance incom ‘uucan nay on highs 89 bllon pe yar accorng Yo the Conseucios asey Inthe Thi igre Ines Gah diet Ginsu an nds cos, Direct costae media expones oad pemons for workers empensacy ‘nets aby, sd propery oer Unitus inet ors ake up ea ofthe fede eoce roduc, delays in projet sone, adi eriobeoten perk woe Ss St cy.TABLE 1a. Consron Acie of Lt Workin ‘om or Mapny, Snore Pst a vw eae ER 3 nr @ it memes 18 Lonwonige aS) ute ued RE mda pL wg Es at syeclenteoee sont ARS OE hada i ones BGIMELS Cnn ton ntsc nan! kre Isat nea expen, a wel as damage wo equipment andthe ity under ‘amo etic be 9 ions pal con of ag as irom neat "ie usfe condos undenishy ext on consreton projects ts ex ‘te ta 0 percent a al acces oe ened y un a the pt of ‘orks nies othe ees contin fo much so Pct ‘sll nese However ther enough rescarer~much alt Gove at Sead ‘Gnvecsiy~so inate at consucion management cn ke messes Sete ce pr Bye tro lor cost the poi where camped posto ens ae ty hs vated fret a sfty bayend te vous Senaton Specs fe robin hos ben estima ha a Sonia sa edocs hs mage ‘Sy anchors erin tua gd fy poss sl? scent and pope by ae mch percent eaten ek “The passage of te Ccruptianl Seley a Hest Act (OSHA) ie 1970 placed seponnty for ety th manag, and constuction wes sees erage root aie However tn Sinntrcton lcompteatae by theses ack of alopnce ts pana ‘lye. Since works my ove om ob to ane seo oso ‘Scr meen toscana oad cy ween It erpayes st fo por tatty precise. Ines rea eng wns, ‘tat OSHA shuld be amended ta psce more rsponiy om he feu spree. The lon Soanir te segumon hat OSHA peas ase mee $s on tne wis forsmort ley silty sad ta apes ve a ae corny ans peso bck earn a iyi fn. sunt eno lack a echo to SoM theres of hoe wh are ‘ping 0 promote contruction skye Succaral conto We good Slee