PRINT CULTURE

Class 10 - Social Science

Time Allowed: 1 hour and 30 minutes Maximum Marks: 166

1. Grimm brothers published which of the following? [1]

a) Novels b) Folk tales

c) Ballads d) Newspapers

2. Raj Ravi Varma was a/an: [1]

a) Journalist b) Editor

c) Novelist d) Painter

3. Lending libraries became instruments for educating which of the following? [1]

a) White-collar workers only b) White-collar workers, artisans, and lower

middle class people

c) Artisans only d) Lower middleclass workers only

4. Which of the following books was written by Jyotiba Phule about the injustices of the caste system? [1]

a) Diamond Sutra b) India Divided

c) Gulamgiri d) Ninety Five Theses

5. Who among the following published Samvad kaumudi? [1]

a) Raja Rammohan Roy b) Tarabai Shinde

c) Ram Chaddha d) Rashsundari Debi

6. Assertion (A): There was an intense controversy between social and religious reformers and the Hindu [1]
orthodoxy over matters like widow immolation, monotheism, Brahmanical priesthood, and idolatry.
Reason (R): The Deoband Seminary founded in 1867, published thousands upon thousands off at was telling
Muslim readers how to conduct themselves in everyday lives, and explaining the meaning of Islamic doctrines.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the explanation of A.
correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

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7. Assertion (A): In 1517, the religious reformer Martin Luther wrote Ninety Five Theses criticising many of the
[1] practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church.
Reason (R): This led to a division within the Church and to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the explanation of A.
correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

8. Assertion (A): The first book that Gutenberg printed was the Bible. [1]
Reason (R): About 500 copies were printed and it took two years to produce them.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the explanation of A.
correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

9. Assertion (A): The production of handwritten manuscripts could not satisfy the ever-increasing demand for [1]
books.
Reason (R): Manuscripts were strong, easy to handle, and could be carried around or read easily.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the explanation of A.
correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

10. Assertion (A): Print and popular religious literature stimulated many distinctive individual interpretations of
[1] faith even among little-educated working people.
Reason (R): Through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, literacy rates went up in most parts of Europe.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the explanation of A.
correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

11. Assertion (A): The new reading culture was accompanied by new technology. [1]
Reason (R): From hand printing, there was a gradual shift to mechanical printing.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the explanation of A.
correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

12. Assertion (A): Menocchio was hauled up twice and executed by the Roman Catholic Church. [1]
Reason (R): He reinterpreted the message of the Bible and formulated a view of God and Creation.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the explanation of A.
correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

13. Assertion (A): Children became an important category of readers. [1]

Reason (R): Primary education became compulsory from the late nineteenth century.

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 a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the explanation of A.
correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

14. Assertion (A): Magazines were different from novels. [1]

Reason (R): Novels had several stories along with varied contents whereas Magazines presented just one story.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the explanation of A.
correct explanation of A

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

15. Assertion (A): The production of handwritten manuscripts could not satisfy the ever-increasing demand for
[1] books.
Reason (R): Chinese paper reached Europe via the silk route.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the explanation of A.
correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

16. Assertion (A): The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an Index of Prohibited Books from the mid- [1]
sixteenth century.
Reason (R): The Roman Church was troubled by the effects of popular readings and questionings of faith.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the explanation of A.
correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

17. State whether the given statement is True or False: [11]

(a) The first printing press came to Goa with the Portuguese missionaries. [1]
(b) Catholic priests printed the first Tamil book in 1579 at Cochin. [1]
(c) Governor-General Warren Hastings encouraged publication of newspapers in India. [1]
(d) The Deoband Seminary founded in 1868. [1]
(e) In 1710, Dutch Protestant missionaries had printed 40 Tamil books. [1]
(f) Amar Jiban was the autobiography written by Rashsundari Debi. [1]
(g) The Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1879 under the Governor Generalship and Viceroyalty of [1] Lord
Lytton.
(h) Edo was the earlier name of Tokyo. [1]
(i) Johann Gutenberg developed the first printing press in India. [1]
(j) Jyotiba Phule, the Maratha Pioneer of low caste protest movements wrote Gulamgiri in 1870. [1]
(k) Bibliotheque Bleue was the chapbooks famous in France. [1]
18. Match the following: [1]

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19.
a)

Match the following:

20.

This is written by the religious reformer Martin Luther

Match the following:

) 1821

) 1822

i. Rashsundari Debi published Amar Jiban.

ii. Martin Luther wrote Ninety Five Theses. iii. James Augustus Hickey began to edit
the Bengal Gazette. iv. Marco Polo, a great explorer, returned to Italy.

a) iii, iv, ii, i b) iv, iii, i, ii

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 c) i, ii, iii, iv d) iv, ii, iii, i

24. Consider the statements given below and choose the correct answer [1]
Statement I: Nineteenth-century periodicals serialised important novels, which gave birth to a particular way of
writing novels.
Statement II: The dust cover or the book jacket is also a twentieth-century innovation.

a) Statement (i) is correct and (ii) is incorrect b) Both (i) & (ii) are correct

c) Statement (i) is incorrect and (ii) is correct d) Both (i) & (ii) are incorrect

25. Consider the statements given below and choose the correct answer [1]
Statement I: Buddhist missionaries from China introduced hand-printing technology into Japan around AD 768-770.
Statement II: Printing woodblocks of the Tripitaka Koreana are a Japanese collection of Buddhist scriptures.

a) Both (i) & (ii) are incorrect b) Statement (i) is incorrect and (ii) is correct

c) Statement (i) is correct and (ii) is incorrect d) Both (i) & (ii) are correct

26. Which of the following statements is correct regarding Printing Press? [1]
1. Printing press reduced the cost of books.
2. Printing press increased the cost of books.
3. Printing press has kept the prices of the books constant.

a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 3

c) 1 only d) 3 only

27. How had the earliest printing technology developed in the world? Explain with examples. [2]
28. Describe the progress of print in Japan. [2]

[2]
29. By the end of 19th century a new visual culture took shape in India. Explain the statement with examples.
30. Write a short note about the Gutenberg Press. [2]
31. How did access to books create a new culture of reading? Explain. [2]
32. Printing brought the reading public and hearing public closer. Substantiate the statement with appropriate [2]
argument.
33. Write short note about The Vernacular Press Act. [2]
34. Explain the new visual culture in print which developed in the nineteenth century. [2]
35. How did Gutenberg personalise the printed books? Explain. [2]
36. Why did some people fear the effect of the easily available printed book? Give one example from Europe and
[2] one from India.
37. Indians used the novel as a powerful medium to bring change in the society. Validate the statement. [2]
38. Why did James Augustus Hickey claim that the Bengal Gazette was 'a commercial paper open to all but [3]
influenced by none'? Explain.
39. Print popularized the ideas of the enlightenment thinkers. Explain. [3]
40. How did Mercier describe the impact of printed word and power of reading on himself? [3]
41. In which three ways did the printed books at first closely resembled the written manuscripts? [3]
42. The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an index of prohibited books from the mid-sixteenth century. Give [3]
reason.

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43. Why did James Augustus Hickey claim that the “Bengal Gazette was a commercial paper open to all, but [3]
influence by none”? Explain.
44. Can we imagine a world without printed matter? [3]
45. Why did some people in eighteenth-century Europe think that print culture would bring enlightenment and end [3]
despotism?
46. Write the name of any two women writers of India in the 19th century and highlight their contribution who [3]
wrote about the different experiences of the women.
47. 'It is difficult to imagine a world without printed matter'. Justify the statement with suitable arguments. [3]
48. What led the colonial government to pass the Vernacular Press Act in 1878? How did it affect the vernacular [3]
newspapers?
49. What did the spread of print culture in 19th century India mean to Reformers? [5]
50. 'By the end of the 19th century, a new visual culture was taking shape'. Explain. [5]
51. 'Printing press played a major role in shaping the Indian society of the 19th century'. Support the statement with [5]
examples.

[5]
52. Explain how by the end of the 19th century a new visual culture was taking shape in India.
53. Describe the uses of print culture in the 17th century China. [5]
54. Gandhi said the fight for Swaraj is a fight for liberty of speech, liberty of the press, and freedom of association.
[5] Give reason.
55. Who was Gutenberg? How did he invent the printing press? How did his invention bring a revolution in the field
[5]
of printing ideas?
56. Explain with examples the role of print culture in the bringing of the French Revolution. [5]
57. Explain the factors responsible for the invention of new printing technology. [5]
58. What were the chief characteristics of the earliest print culture in Japan? Explain. [5]
59. Explain with examples, how print culture catered to the requirement of Children. [5]
60. Read the following source and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Why Newspapers?
'Krishnaji Trimbuck Ranade inhabitant of Poona intends to publish a Newspaper in the Marathi Language with a
view of affording useful information on every topic of local interest. It will be open for free discussion on
subjects of general utility, scientific investigation and the speculations connected with the antiquities, statistics,
curiosities, history and geography of the country and of the Deccan especially ... the patronage and support of
all interested in the diffusion of knowledge and welfare of the people is earnestly solicited.'
Bombay Telegraph and Courier, 6 January, 1849
'The task of the native newspapers and political associations is identical to the role of the Opposition in
the House of Commons in Parliament in England. That is of critically examining government policy to
suggest improvements, by removing those parts that will not be to the benefit of the people, and also by
ensuring speedy implementation.
These associations ought to carefully study the particular issues, gather diverse relevant information on the
nation as well as on what are the possible and desirable improvements, and this will surely earn it considerable
influence.'
Native Opinion, 3 April, 1870

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 i. Analyse the primary objective proposed by Ranade for publishing Marathi Language newspaper. (1)
ii. Why did the Bombay Telegraph emphasize the role of newspaper in promoting welfare of Deccan region?
(1) iii. What were the key responsibilities attributed to native newspapers? Mention any
two. (2)

61. Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Source – 1: Religious Reform and Public Debates
There were intense controversies between social and religious reformers and the Hindu orthodoxy over matters
like widow immolation, monotheism, Brahmanical priesthood and idolatry. In Bengal, as the debate developed,
tracts and newspapers proliferated, circulating a variety of arguments.
Source – 2: New Forms of Publication
New literary forms also entered the world of reading lyrics, short stories, essays about social and political
matters. In different ways, they reinforced the new emphasis on human lives and intimate feelings, about the
political and social rules that shaped such things.
Source – 3: Women and Print
Since social reforms and novels had already created a great interest in women’s lives and emotions, there was
also an interest in what women would have to say about their own lives.
Source – 1: Religious Reform and Public Debates
i. Evaluate how did the print shapes the nature of the debate in the early nineteenth century in India.
Source – 2: New Forms of Publication
ii. To what extent do you agree that print opened up new worlds of experience and gave a vivid sense
of diversity of human lives? Source – 3: Women and Print iii. To what extent did the print culture
reflect a great interest in women’s lives and emotions? Explain.

62. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
As primary education became compulsory from the late nineteenth century, children became an important
category of readers. Production of school textbooks became critical for the publishing industry. A children’s
press, devoted to literature for children alone, was set up in France in 1857. This press published new works as
well as old fairy tales and folk tales. The Grimm Brothers in Germany spent years compiling traditional folk tales
gathered from peasants. What they collected was edited before the stories were published in a collection in
1812. Anything that was considered unsuitable for children or would appear vulgar to the elites, was not
included in the published version.
Women became important as readers as well as writers. Penny magazines were especially meant for women, as
were manuals teaching proper behaviour and housekeeping. When novels began to be written in the nineteenth
century, women were seen as important readers. Some of the best-known novelists were women. Their writings
became important in defining a new type of woman: a person with a will, the strength of personality,
determination and the power to think.
In the nineteenth century, lending libraries in England became instruments for educating white-collar workers,
artisans and lower-middle-class people. Sometimes, self-educated working-class people wrote for themselves.
After the working day was gradually shortened from the mid-nineteenth century, workers had some time for
selfimprovement and self-expression. They wrote political tracts and autobiographies in large numbers.
i. What was the special feature of the published version of book for children? (1)
ii. What was the impact of print on workers? (1)
iii. Name some famous women novelists. How did they redefine the women? (2)

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63. Read the given source and answer the questions that follow: [4]
After the Revolt of 1857, the attitude to freedom of the press changed. Enraged Englishmen demanded a clamp
down on the ‘native’ press. As vernacular newspapers became assertively nationalist, the colonial government
began debating measures of stringent control. In 1878, the Vernacular Press Act was passed, modelled on the
Irish Press Laws. It provided the government with extensive rights to censor reports and editorials in the
vernacular press. From now on the government kept regular track of the vernacular newspapers published in
different provinces. When a report was judged as seditious, the newspaper was warned, and if the warning was
ignored, the press was liable to be seized and the printing machinery confiscated.
i. On which rule was the ‘Vernacular Press Act’ based? (1)
ii. Why did the attitude of the British change towards the freedom of press after the Revolt of 1857? Explain.
×
(1) iii. Explain any two impacts of passing the ‘Vernacular Press Act.’ (2 1
= 2)
64. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
The earliest kind of print technology was developed in China, Japan and Korea. This was a system of hand
printing. From AD 594 onwards, books in China were printed by rubbing paper also invented there against the
inked surface of woodblocks. As both sides of the thin, porous sheet could not be printed, the traditional Chinese
‘accordion book’ was folded and stitched at the side. Superbly skilled craftsmen could duplicate, with
remarkable accuracy, the beauty of calligraphy.

The imperial state in China was, for a very long time, the major producer of printed material. China possessed a
huge bureaucratic system which recruited its personnel through civil service examinations. Textbooks for this
examination were printed in vast numbers under the sponsorship of the imperial state. From the sixteenth
century, the number of examination candidates went up and that increased the volume of print.
By the seventeenth century, as urban culture bloomed in China, the uses of print diversified. Print was no longer
used just by scholar officials. Merchants used to print in their everyday life, as they collected trade information.
Reading increasingly became a leisure activity. The new readership preferred fictional narratives, poetry,
autobiographies, anthologies of literary masterpieces, and romantic plays.
i. What is the art of Calligraphy? (1)
ii. Who was the major producer of printed material in China? For what purpose this material was used? (1)
iii. Describe any two features of hand printing in China? (2)

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