BIO MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
DEFINITION
Bio medical waste is generated from biological and medical sources and activities, such as the
diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of diseases.
TYPES OF WASTE
CLINICAL WASTE
OR HOSPITAL
WASTE
DOMESTIC
SPECIALITY WASTE OR
WASTE HOUSE HOLD
WASTE
INDUSTRIAL
WASTE
DISPOSAL OF WASTE
Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal and monitoring of
waste materials.
WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Landfill
- Segregation
- Sterilization
- recycling
- Incineration
LANDFILL
Landfill is process of dig for waste, its used for the
prevent of disease transmission and community clean.
SEGREGATION
It refers to basic separation of different categories of waste generated at source and thereby reducing the risks as
well as cost of handling and disposal.
Segregation steps:
- Collection of waste
- Storage materials should be marked
- Transportation of waste bags to vehicles
- Use for the storage materials after recycling process
STERILIZATION
Sterilization is defined as a process of complete elimination or
destruction of microorganisms which is carried out by various
physical and chemical methods.
Methods of sterilization:
- Chemical sterilization (eg: acetic acid)
- High level disinfectant (eg: glutaraldehyde, hydrogen
peroxide
- Dry heat sterilization
- Steam sterilization
- Fumigation (ethylene oxide)
INCINERATION
Incineration is the process of burning hazardous materials at
temperatures high enough to destroy contaminants.
CATEGORIES OF WASTE
CATEGORIES WASTE CATEGORY EXPLANATION
Category No.1 Human anatomical waste Human tissues, organs, body parts
Category No. 2 Animal waste Animal tissues, organs, bleeding parts, fluids,
discharge from the hospital wastes
Category No.3 Microbiology and Laboratory cultures, specimens, human
biotechnology waste and animal cell culture, research and
industrial
laboratories waste
Category No. 4 Waste sharps Needles, blades, glass, etc. that may cause
puncture and cuts.
Category No. 5 Discarded medicines and Wastes were comprising of outdated,
cytotoxic drugs contaminated and discarded medicines.
Category No.6 Solid waste Items contaminated with blood, and fluids
including cotton, dressings, soiled plaster casts,
linen, beddings and others
Category No. 7 Solid waste Wastes generated from disposable items such as
tubings, catheters, intravenous sets etc.
Category No. 8 Liquid waste Waste generated from laboratory and washing,
cleaning, housekeeping and
disinfecting activities
Category No. 9 Incineration waste Ash from incineration of any bio medical waste
Category No.10 Chemical waste Chemicals used in the production of biological,
chemicals used in disinfection etc.
COLOUR CODING OF BINS
COLOURS TYPE OF WASTE CATEGORY DISCARDED
CONTAINER TREATMENT
1,2,3 & 6 categories
Blood spilling materials,
Incineration and deep
Yellow Plastic bag cotton, blood bags, hair and
burial
nails.
Disinfected container 3, 6, & 7 categories, gloves, Autoclaving,
and plastic bag mask, rubber items, plastic microwaving, chemical
Red
items and catheters. Treatment
Blue Plastic container 4 & 7. Blades, glass items, Autoclaving,
ampoules, etc. microwaving, shredding.
White Plastic puncture 4 & 7. Sharps, needles, Shredding, microwaving
proof container surgical blades etc. incineration.
Black/green Plastic bag 5,9 & 10. General waste Disposal in secured land
Fill
