‫خ األفؼبي‬٠‫ب‬ٌٕٙ –ed ‫خ إضبفخ اٌّمطغ‬١‫ف‬١‫و‬

-ed ‫ضبف‬٠ٚ ‫خ‬١‫ُضبػف اٌذشف اٌصذ‬٠ ‫خ لجٍٗ دشف ػٍخ‬١‫خ ثذشف صذ‬١ٙ‫ األفؼبي إٌّز‬.1
control > controlled stop > stopped dip > dipped

.‫ ِجبششح‬-ed ‫ف‬١‫ ٔض‬-en ‫خ ثـ‬١ٙ‫ػذا األفؼبي إٌّز‬

happen > happened open > opened

:‫ػذا ٘زٖ األفؼبي‬ٚ

visit > visited play > played

‫ ِجبششح‬ed ‫ف‬١‫ٔض‬

-ed ‫ف اٌّمطغ‬١‫ٔض‬ٚ i ٌٝ‫ إ‬y ‫خ ٔمٍت اٌـ‬١‫لجٍٗ دشف صذ‬ٚ -y ‫خ ثذشف‬١ٙ‫ األفؼبي إٌّز‬.2
cry > cried study > studied

.‫ فمظ‬-d ‫ف‬١‫ٔض‬ٚ i ٌٝ‫ إ‬y ‫ ٔمٍت اٌـ‬pay ٚ say ٓ١ٍ‫ اٌفؼ‬.3

pay > paid say > said

‫) ِجبششح‬-ed , -d( ‫ب‬ٙ‫ز‬٠‫ب‬ٙٔ ٟ‫خ ٔضغ ف‬٠‫ األفؼبي اٌؼبد‬.4

change > changed look > looked

.‫ فمظ‬-d ‫ف‬١‫ش ٔض‬١‫ د‬hear > heard ‫ػذا‬

‫خ األفؼبي‬٠‫ب‬ٌٕٙ –ing ‫خ إضبفخ اٌّمطغ‬١‫ف‬١‫و‬

-ing ‫ف‬١‫ٔض‬ٚ ٗ‫ ٔذزف‬-e ‫ اٌفؼً ثذشف‬ٝٙ‫ ارا أز‬.1

live > living come > coming drive > driving

age > ageing singe > singeing be > being dye > dyeing /‫ػذا‬
.‫ ِجبششح‬-ing ‫ف‬١‫ش ٔض‬١‫د‬

-ee ‫ ثـ‬ٟٙ‫ٕز‬٠ ‫ػذا ِب‬ٚ

free > freeing knee > kneeing agree > agreeing
.‫ ِجبششح‬-ing ‫ف‬١‫ضًب ٔض‬٠‫أ‬

1
 ‫‪ .2‬األفؼبي اٌز‪ ٟ‬رٕز‪ ٟٙ‬ثذشف صذ‪١‬خ لجٍٗ دشف ػٍخ ٔضبػف اٌذشف اٌصذ‪١‬خ ‪ٔٚ‬ض‪١‬ف ‪-ing‬‬
‫‪cut > cutting‬‬ ‫‪stop > stopping‬‬ ‫‪swim > swimming‬‬

‫ػذا ِب ‪ٕ٠‬ز‪ ٟٙ‬ثـ ‪-en‬‬

‫‪happen > happening‬‬ ‫‪open > opening‬‬
‫ٔض‪١‬ف ‪ِ -ing‬جبششح‪.‬‬

‫‪ٚ‬ػذا ٘زٖ األفؼبي‪:‬‬

‫‪wear > wearing‬‬ ‫‪visit > visiting play > playing‬‬
‫وزٌه ٔض‪١‬ف ‪ِ -ing‬جبششح‪.‬‬

‫‪ .3‬األفؼبي اٌز‪ ٟ‬رٕز‪ ٟٙ‬ثـ ‪ٔ -ie‬مٍج‪ ُٙ‬إٌ‪ٔٚ y ٝ‬ض‪١‬ف ‪-ing‬‬

‫‪vie > vying‬‬ ‫‪tie > tying‬‬ ‫‪die > dying‬‬

‫‪ .4‬ف‪ ٟ‬األفؼبي اإلػز‪١‬بد‪٠‬خ ٔضغ ‪ -ing‬فمظ د‪ ْٚ‬رغ‪١١‬ش‪.‬‬

‫‪work > working‬‬

‫و‪١‬ف‪١‬خ إضبفخ اٌّمطغ ‪ٌٕٙ -s‬ب‪٠‬خ األفؼبي‬

‫‪ُ٠‬ضبف اٌّمطغ ( ‪ -s‬اٌشخص اٌضبٌش ) ٌٕ‪ٙ‬ب‪٠‬خ اٌفؼً ف‪ ٟ‬اٌضِٓ اٌّضبسع اٌجس‪١‬ظ ػٕذِب ‪٠‬ى‪ ْٛ‬اٌفبػً ِفشدًا (‬
‫‪.) He, She, It‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ارا أز‪ ٝٙ‬اٌفؼً ثأدذ اٌذش‪ٚ‬ف اٌزبٌ‪١‬خ‪ٔ s , ss , ch , sh , x , z , o :‬ضغ ٌٗ ‪-es‬‬

‫‪watch > watches‬‬ ‫‪pass > passes‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ارا أز‪ ٝٙ‬اٌفؼً ثذشف ‪ -y‬لجٍٗ دشف صذ‪١‬خ ‪٠‬مٍت اٌـ ‪ y‬اٌ‪ i ٝ‬صُ ٔضغ ‪-es‬‬
‫‪study > studies‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ػذا رٌه ٔضغ ٌٍفؼً ‪ِ -s‬جبششح‬

‫‪play > plays‬‬ ‫‪ask > asks‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
 ‫و‪١‬ف‪١‬خ إضبفخ اٌّمطغ ‪ٌٍ –er‬صفبد ف‪ ٟ‬ص‪١‬غخ اٌّمبسٔخ‬

‫‪ .1‬اٌصفبد إٌّز‪١ٙ‬خ ثذشف ‪ٔ -e‬ض‪١‬ف ٌ‪ٙ‬ب ‪ -r‬فمظ‬

‫‪large > larger‬‬

‫‪ .2‬اٌصفبد إٌّز‪١ٙ‬خ ثذشف صذ‪١‬خ لجٍٗ دشف ػٍخ ٔضبػف اٌذشف اٌصذ‪١‬خ ‪ٔٚ‬ض‪١‬ف ‪er‬‬
‫‪big > bigger‬‬

‫‪ .3‬اٌصفبد إٌّز‪١ٙ‬خ ثذشف ‪ -y‬لجٍٗ ثذشف صذ‪١‬خ ٔمٍجٗ اٌ‪ٔٚ i ٝ‬ض‪١‬ف ‪-er‬‬
‫‪heavy > heavier‬‬

‫‪ .4‬اٌصفبد اٌؼبد‪٠‬خ ٔض‪١‬ف ٌ‪ٙ‬ب ‪ِ -er‬جبششح‬

‫‪great > greater‬‬ ‫‪tall > taller‬‬

‫صفبد اٌّمبسٔخ‬
‫‪ ‬فئرا وبٔذ اٌصفخ راد ِمطغ ص‪ٛ‬ر‪ٚ ٟ‬ادذ ٔضغ ف‪ٙٔ ٟ‬ب‪٠‬ز‪ٙ‬ب اٌّمطغ ‪ –er‬ػٕذ اٌّمبسٔخ‪.‬‬

‫‪ٚ ‬إرا وبٔذ اٌصفخ راد أوضش ِٓ ِمطغ ص‪ٛ‬ر‪ٔ ٟ‬ضغ لجٍ‪ٙ‬ب وٍّخ ‪ more‬ػٕذ اٌّمبسٔخ‪.‬‬

‫(‪ )A , E , I , O , U‬دشف ػٍخ‬ ‫>‬ ‫‪ ‬اٌّمطغ اٌص‪ٛ‬ر‪٠ ٟ‬زأٌف ِٓ دشف صذ‪١‬خ‬

‫)ِمبسٔخ( أسشع ِٓ ‪ِ) > faster‬مطغ ‪ٚ‬ادذ( سش‪٠‬غ ‪fast‬‬

‫‪) > more dangerous‬صالس ِمبطغ( خطش ‪dangerous‬‬ ‫)ِمبسٔخ( أخطش ِٓ‬

‫دبس‪ٛ‬ث‪ ٟ‬اٌجذ‪٠‬ذ أسشع ِٓ اٌمذ‪e.g. My new computer is faster than my old one. ُ٠‬‬
‫اٌّسذسبد أخطش ِٓ اٌس‪ٛ١‬ف ‪e.g. Guns are more dangerous than swords.‬‬

‫‪ٕ٘ٚ‬بن صفبد شبرح ال رٕطجك ػٍ‪ٙ١‬ب اٌم‪ٛ‬اػذ أػالٖ ػٕذ رذ‪ٍٙ٠ٛ‬ب ٌٍّمبسٔخ‪:‬‬

‫اٌصفخ‬ ‫صفخ اٌّمبسٔخ‬

‫ج‪١‬ذ ‪good / well‬‬ ‫أفضً ِٓ ‪better‬‬
‫س‪ٟ‬ء ‪bad / ill‬‬ ‫أس‪ٛ‬أ ِٓ ‪worse‬‬
‫ثؼ‪١‬ذ ‪far‬‬ ‫أثؼذ ِٓ ‪farther‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
 A.B./P. 2/Ex. A

‫ش‬١‫ د‬.‫ذخ‬١‫ب اٌصذ‬ٙ‫ؼ‬١ِ‫ب داخً ِجب‬ٙ‫ق صُ ٔصٕف‬ٚ‫ اٌىٍّبد داخً اٌصٕذ‬ٟٔ‫طٍت ِٕب فذص ِؼب‬٠ ٓ٠‫ ٘زا اٌزّش‬ٟ‫ف‬
.‫ خّسخ وٍّبد‬ٍٝ‫ػخ ػ‬ّٛ‫ وً ِج‬ٞٛ‫رذز‬

Set ‫ػخ‬ّٛ‫اٌّج‬ Words ‫اٌىٍّبد‬

Treatment bandage cream medicine plaster pills
‫اٌؼالط‬ ‫ح‬ٚ‫ٌفبف جش‬ ُ٘‫ِش‬ ‫اء‬ٚ‫د‬ ‫ح‬ٚ‫الصك جش‬ ‫ة‬ٛ‫دج‬
Joints ankle elbow knee shoulder wrist
ً‫اٌّفبص‬ ً‫وبد‬ ‫ِشفك‬ ‫سوجخ‬ ‫وزف‬ ُ‫ِؼص‬
Verbs breath cough faint sneeze swallow
‫األفؼبي‬ ‫زٕفس‬٠ ً‫سؼ‬٠ ٗ١ٍ‫ ػ‬ّٝ‫ُغ‬٠ ‫ؼطس‬٠ ‫جزٍغ‬٠
Inside and blood bones skin heart stomach
outside body
‫خبسط‬ٚ ً‫داخ‬
َ‫د‬ َ‫ػظب‬ ‫جٍذ‬ ‫لٍت‬ ‫ِؼذح‬
ُ‫اٌجس‬

‫؟‬ٞ‫صاس‬ٌٛ‫ اٌسؤاي ا‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ ‫ف‬١‫و‬

e.g. Ankle, joint ; bandage, treatment

e.g. Joint in the arm: wrist ‫ اٌزساع‬ٟ‫ِفصً ف‬
e.g. Name two joints in the leg ; ankle , knee ‫ اٌسبق‬ٟ‫ٓ ف‬١ٍ‫أروش ِفص‬

A.B./P. 19/Ex. C

1. I feel dizzy. I think I’m going to faint.

ٍٟ‫ ػ‬ّٝ‫غ‬٠ ‫ف‬ٛ‫ س‬ٟٕٔ‫ أػزمذ ثأ‬.‫اس‬ٚ‫أشؼش ثبٌذ‬

2. I can’t swallow. I have a sore throat and a temperature of 39 degrees.

‫خ‬٠‫ض‬١ٍ١‫ س‬33 ٟ‫دسجخ دشاسر‬ٚ ‫جخ‬ٙ‫ ٍِز‬ٟ‫ دٕجشر‬.‫غ اإلثزالع‬١‫ال أسزط‬

3. You have to take two of these pills three times a day.

َٛ١ٌ‫ ا‬ٟ‫ة صالس ِشاد ف‬ٛ‫ٓ ِٓ ٘زٖ اٌذج‬١ٕ‫ه أْ رأخز إص‬١ٍ‫ ػ‬ٟ‫ٕجغ‬٠

4. The skin on my legs is very dry so I have to put this cream on every day.
َٛ٠ ً‫ أْ أضغ ٘زا اٌّشُ٘ و‬ٟ‫ٕجغ‬٠ ‫جس جذًا ٌزا‬١‫ ِز‬ٟ‫ سبل‬ٍٝ‫اٌجٍذ ػ‬

5. We often say “Bless you!” when somebody sneezes. But we don’t say it if
somebody coughs.
ً‫سؼ‬٠ ‫ي رٌه ػٕذِب‬ٛ‫ٌىٕٕب ال ٔم‬ٚ ُ٘‫ؼطس أدذ‬٠ ‫سوذ" ػٕذِب‬ٛ‫ي "ث‬ٛ‫ٔذٓ غبٌجًب ٔم‬

4
 Prefixes meaning (not) ‫خ‬١‫اٌجبدئبد إٌبف‬
ً
:ً‫ ) ِض‬p , m ( ‫ رجذأ ثبألدشف‬ٟ‫ ) ٌٍصفبد اٌز‬im ( ‫ ٔضغ اٌجبدئخ‬:‫ال‬ٚ‫أ‬

moral ٟ‫ > أخالل‬immoral ٟ‫ش أخالل‬١‫غ‬

polite ‫ > ِؤدة‬impolite ‫ش ِؤدة‬١‫غ‬
possible ًّ‫ > ِذز‬impossible ً١‫ِسزذ‬

:‫ب‬ٌٙ ٖ‫جت اإلٔزجب‬٠ ‫ار‬ٛ‫ٕ٘بن ش‬ٚ

pleasant ‫ > ِّزغ‬unpleasant ‫ش ِّزغ‬١‫غ‬

popular ‫س‬ٛٙ‫ > ِش‬unpopular ‫س‬ٛٙ‫ش ِش‬١‫غ‬

:ً‫ ) ِض‬a , c , d , e ( ‫ رجذأ ثبألدشف‬ٟ‫ ) ٌٍصفبد اٌز‬in ( ‫ ٔضغ اٌجبدئخ‬:‫ًب‬١ٔ‫صب‬

correct ‫خ‬١‫ > صذ‬incorrect ‫خ‬١‫ش صذ‬١‫غ‬

direct ‫ > ِجبشش‬indirect ‫ش ِجبشش‬١‫غ‬
accurate ‫ك‬١‫ > دل‬inaccurate ‫ك‬١‫ش دل‬١‫غ‬

:‫ب‬ٌٙ ٖ‫جت اإلٔزجب‬٠ ‫ار‬ٛ‫ٕ٘بن ش‬ٚ

delightful ‫س‬ٚ‫ > ِسش‬undelightful ‫س‬ٚ‫ش ِسش‬١‫غ‬
attended ‫ > ُِشالَت‬unattended ‫ش ُِشالَت‬١‫غ‬
countable ‫د‬ٚ‫ > ِؼذ‬uncountable ‫د‬ٚ‫ش ِؼذ‬١‫غ‬
formal ّٟ‫ > سس‬informal ّٟ‫ش سس‬١‫غ‬
employed ‫ظف‬ِٛ > unemployed ‫ظف‬ِٛ ‫ش‬١‫غ‬

:ً‫ ) ِض‬L ( ‫ رجذأ ثبٌذشف‬ٟ‫ ) ٌٍصفبد اٌز‬il ( ‫ ٔضغ اٌجبدئخ‬:‫صبٌضًب‬

legal ٟٔٛٔ‫ > لب‬illegal ٟٔٛٔ‫ش لب‬١‫غ‬

literate ٍُ‫ > ِزؼ‬illiterate ٍُ‫ش ِزؼ‬١‫غ‬

:‫ب‬ٌٙ ٖ‫جت اإلٔزجب‬٠ ‫ٕ٘بن صفخ شبرح‬ٚ

lucky ‫ظ‬ٛ‫ > ِذظ‬unlucky ‫ظ‬ٛ‫ش ِذظ‬١‫غ‬

:ً‫ ) ِض‬r ( ‫ رجذأ ثبٌذشف‬ٟ‫ ) ٌٍصفبد اٌز‬ir ( ‫ ٔضغ اٌجبدئخ‬:‫ساثؼًب‬

regular ُ‫ > ِٕزظ‬irregular ُ‫ش ِٕزظ‬١‫غ‬

5
 :ً‫ ٌُ ٔزوش٘ب ِض‬ٟ‫ف اٌز‬ٚ‫خ اٌذش‬١‫ رجذأ ثجم‬ٟ‫ ) ٌٍصفبد اٌز‬un ( ‫ ٔضغ اٌجبدئخ‬:‫سب‬
ً ِ‫خب‬

happy ‫ذ‬١‫ > سؼ‬unhappy ‫ذ‬١‫ش سؼ‬١‫غ‬

usual ٞ‫بد‬١‫ > اػز‬unusual ٞ‫بد‬١‫ش اػز‬١‫غ‬
fair ‫ > ػبدي‬unfair ‫ش ػبدي‬١‫غ‬
‫؟‬ٞ‫صاس‬ٌٛ‫ اٌسؤاي ا‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ ‫ف‬١‫و‬

e.g. happy , unhappy ; moral , immoral

e.g. polite , impolite ; popular , unpopular
e.g. correct , incorrect ; delightful , undelightful
e.g. The opposite of “polite” is impolite .
e.g. The opposite of “lucky” is unlucky .

S.B./P. 16 / ‫أسّبء ِشوجخ ٌٍذفع‬

1. footprint 2. fingerprint 3. radar speed gun 4. metal detector

5. x-ray machine 6. security camera 7. crime scene 8. speed limit
9. speeding ticket 10. security guard 11. conveyor belt

Abbreviations ‫االخزصبساد‬

‫اإلخزصبس‬ ‫اٌىٍّخ‬
bldg. building ‫خ‬٠‫ثٕب‬
avail. available ‫فش‬ٛ‫ِز‬
exp. experience ‫خجشح‬
lic. licence ‫بدح‬١‫سخصخ اٌم‬
freq. frequent ُ‫دائ‬/‫ِزشدد‬
w-e. weekends ‫ع‬ٛ‫بد اإلسج‬٠‫ب‬ٙٔ
appt. appointment ‫ػذ‬ِٛ
co. company ‫ششوخ‬
comp. computer ‫ة‬ٛ‫دبس‬
yrs. years ‫اد‬ٕٛ‫س‬
spk. speak ٍُ‫زى‬٠
a.m. ante-meridiem )‫ش (صجب ًدب‬ٙ‫لجً اٌظ‬
p.m. post-meridiem )‫ش (ِسب ًءا‬ٙ‫ثؼذ اٌظ‬
Engl. English ‫خ‬٠‫ض‬١ٍ‫اٌٍغخ اإلٔج‬
Arab. Arabic ‫خ‬١‫اٌٍغخ اٌؼشث‬
e-mail electronic mail ٟٔٚ‫ذ اإلٌىزش‬٠‫اٌجش‬

6
 ‫؟‬ٞ‫صاس‬ٌٛ‫ اٌسؤاي ا‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ ‫ف‬١‫و‬

e.g. appt. , appointment ; computer , comp.

e.g. years , yrs. ; frequent , freq.

A.B./P. 36/Ex. C

.ً‫ اٌشسبئ‬ٟ‫خ ف‬١ّ‫اٌىٍّبد األلً سس‬ٚ ‫خ‬١ّ‫ي اسزخذاَ اٌىٍّبد اٌشس‬ٛ‫ٓ د‬٠‫رّش‬

Formal ‫خ‬١ّ‫اٌىٍّبد اٌشس‬ Less Formal ‫خ‬١ّ‫اٌىٍّبد األلً سس‬

occurred ‫دذس‬ happened ‫دذس‬
injured ‫ُِصبة‬ hurt ‫ِزأر‬
alerted ‫أٔزَس‬ called ٜ‫ٔبد‬/ً‫ارص‬
investigate ‫زذمك‬٠ find out ‫ىزشف‬٠
property ‫ِّزٍىبد‬ stuff ‫بد‬١‫دبج‬

‫؟‬ٞ‫صاس‬ٌٛ‫ اٌسؤاي ا‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ ‫ف‬١‫و‬

e.g. occurred , happened ; injured , hurt

e.g. alerted , called ; property , stuff

A.B./P. 37/Ex. A

3. Strong adjectives: ‫خ‬٠ٛ‫صفبد ل‬ : impossible ً١‫ِسزذ‬ , essential ٞ‫س‬ٚ‫ضش‬/ٟ‫أسبس‬

4. Strong adverbs to make adjectives stronger: ٜٛ‫خ ٌجؼً اٌصفبد أل‬٠ٛ‫اي ل‬ٛ‫أد‬
extremely )‫ ِٓ جذًا‬ٜٛ‫ثشذح (أل‬/‫ح‬ٛ‫ ثم‬, unbelievably ‫ُصذَّق‬٠ ‫ثشىً ال‬

A.B./P. 41/Ex. B

1. security camera 2. metal detector 3. x-ray machine 4. speed limit

5. speeding ticket 6. radar speed gun 7. conveyor belt.

7
 A.B./P. 56/Ex. D

‫ اٌفؼً ػذا‬ٟ‫ج‬ٙ‫ ر‬ٟ‫ش ف‬١١‫ رغ‬ٞ‫ذذس أ‬٠ ‫ال‬ٚ ٕٝ‫ ػىس اٌّؼ‬ٚ‫ أ‬ٟ‫ش ػٓ إٌف‬١‫ لجً األفؼبي ٌٍزؼج‬dis ‫ُضبف اٌّمطغ‬٠
.‫ ثؼذ اإلضبفخ‬discourage ‫صجخ‬٠ encourage ً‫اٌفؼ‬

agree ‫زفك‬٠ > disagree ‫زفك‬٠ ‫ال‬

approve ‫افك‬ٛ٠ > disapprove ‫افك‬ٛ٠ ‫ال‬

like ‫ذت‬٠ > dislike ‫ذت‬٠ ‫ال‬

obey ‫غ‬١‫ط‬٠ > disobey ‫غ‬١‫ط‬٠ ‫ال‬
trust ‫ضك‬٠ > distrust ‫ضك‬٠ ‫ال‬
appear ‫ش‬ٙ‫ظ‬٠ > disappear ٟ‫خزف‬٠
please ‫سزّزغ‬٠ > displease ‫سزّزغ‬٠ ‫ال‬
connect ً‫زص‬٠ > disconnect ً‫زص‬٠ ‫ال‬
encourage ‫شجغ‬٠ > discourage ‫شجغ‬٠ ‫ال‬

‫؟‬ٞ‫صاس‬ٌٛ‫ اٌسؤاي ا‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ ‫ف‬١‫و‬

ٞ‫صاس‬ٚ: correct, incorrect ; encourage, discourage

A.B./P. 85 (UNIT 4)

1. fracture
2. inefficient
3. unfortunate
4. independent
5. unusual
6. identify
7. supervise
8. witness
9. application
10. discourage

8
 A.B./P. 93/Ex. A

1. thoroughly enjoy.
2. I can honestly say.
3. lived up to my expectations.
4. to name a few.

A.B./P. 97/Ex. A ً‫ف صبٌش ٌٍفؼ‬٠‫رصش‬

be > been buy > bought do > done find > found go > gone

leave > left meet > met see > seen spend > spent

A.B./P. 112/Ex. C ‫ صفبد‬ٌٝ‫االسّبء ا‬ٚ ‫ً االفؼبي‬٠ٛ‫رذ‬

1. attractive 2. luxurious 3. wonderful 4. peaceful 5. exciting

6. colourful 7. spectacular 8. delightful

A.B./P. 121/Ex. B

1. open an account 2. pay interest 3. deposit 5 million Iraqi dinars

4. make a withdrawal 5. maintain a minimum balance 6. charge a fee

A.B./P. 146/Ex. C

1. put some aside 2. pension plans 3. regular savers 4. a fixed sum

5. financially minded 6. a risky business 7. major players 8. break even

9. realize the profit

A.B./P. 165/Ex. A

1. internet connection 2. course fees 3. self discipline

4. web design 5. computer skills

9
 A.B./P. 148/Ex. C

.‫ أسّبء‬ٌٝ‫ب إ‬ٍٙ٠ٛ‫خ ٌألفؼبي ٌزذ‬١‫ر‬٢‫ادك ا‬ٌٍٛ‫ة إضبفخ ا‬ٍٛ‫اٌّط‬

~ment ~ance ~ation ~sion

Verb ً‫اٌفؼ‬ Noun ُ‫اإلس‬

enhance ٓ‫ذس‬٠ / ‫ؼضص‬٠ enhancement ٓ١‫ رذس‬/ ‫ض‬٠‫رؼض‬
enrol ُ‫ٕض‬٠ enrolment َ‫إٔضّب‬
apply ‫طجك‬٠ application ‫ طٍت‬/ ‫ك‬١‫رطج‬
admit ً‫مج‬٠ / ‫ؼزشف‬٠ admission / admittance ‫ي‬ٛ‫ لج‬/ ‫إػزشاف‬
attend ‫ذضش‬٠ attendance ‫س‬ٛ‫دض‬
register ً‫سج‬٠ registration ً١‫رسج‬

11
 (UNIT 8 ‫ادك‬ٌٍٛ‫ا‬ٚ ‫ي اٌجبدئبد‬ٚ‫)جذ‬

‫اٌجبدئخ‬ ‫ِؼٕب٘ب‬ ‫ِضبي‬

anti against ‫ضذ‬ antipollution ‫س‬ٍٛ‫ضذ اٌز‬

bi two ْ‫إصٕب‬ bicycle )ً‫سى‬٠‫سربْ (ثب‬ٚ‫د‬
co together ‫ِؼًب‬ coworker ًّ‫ً اٌؼ‬١ِ‫ص‬
de reduce, remove, undo defrost ‫ذ‬١ٍ‫إصاٌخ اٌج‬
ًٍ‫م‬٠ ً٠‫ض‬٠ ‫زشاجغ‬٠
eco environment ‫ئخ‬١‫ث‬ ecosystem ٟ‫ئ‬١‫إٌظبَ اٌج‬
inter among, between ٓ١‫ث‬ international ٌٟٚ‫د‬
micro very small ‫ش جذًا‬١‫صغ‬ microscope ‫ة‬ٛ‫سى‬ٚ‫ىش‬٠‫ِب‬
re again ٜ‫ِشح أخش‬ reread ‫إػبدح اٌمشاءح‬
tele over a distance ٍٝ‫ػ‬ television ‫اٌزٍفبص‬
‫ِسبفخ‬
trans across ‫ػِجش‬ transcontinental
‫ػجش اٌمبساد‬

‫اٌالدمخ‬ ‫ِؼٕب٘ب‬ ‫ِضبي‬

able capable of ٍٝ‫لبدس ػ‬ renewable ‫لبثً ٌٍزجذّد‬

al related to ‫ صٍخ ثـ‬ٚ‫ر‬ environmental
‫ئخ‬١‫ صٍخ ثبٌج‬ٚ‫ر‬
ation action, process celebration ‫إدزفبي‬
‫إجشاء‬ ‫خ‬١ٍّ‫ػ‬
en made of ِٓ ‫ع‬ٕٛ‫ِص‬ wooden ٟ‫خشج‬
ful full of ‫ء ثـ‬ٍِٟ harmful ‫ُِ ِضش‬
ist person who does scientist ٌُِ‫اٌؼب‬
‫ء ِب‬ٟ‫فؼً ش‬٠ ٞ‫اٌشخص اٌز‬
less without ْٚ‫ثذ‬ heartless ‫ثال لٍت‬
ly in this way ‫مخ‬٠‫ ٘زٖ اٌطش‬ٟ‫ف‬ quietly ‫ء‬ٚ‫ذ‬ٙ‫ث‬
ology science of ... ‫ػٍُِ اٌـ‬ geology ‫ػٍُِ األسض‬
ship skill ‫بسح‬ِٙ craftsmanship ‫دِ شفخ‬

A.B./P. 181/Ex. B

1. park ranger 2. renewable energy resource 3. wind turbine

4. natural resource 5. greenhouse gas 6. global warming

11