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Advanced Networking Notes With Flowcharts

The document provides an overview of advanced networking concepts including the OSI model, TCP/IP stack, IP addressing, routing protocols, VLANs, firewall rules, and troubleshooting techniques. Each section is accompanied by flowcharts to illustrate the processes and relationships between components. Key topics such as subnetting, VLAN assignment, and firewall traffic management are also highlighted.

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Karthik Karthik
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60 views7 pages

Advanced Networking Notes With Flowcharts

The document provides an overview of advanced networking concepts including the OSI model, TCP/IP stack, IP addressing, routing protocols, VLANs, firewall rules, and troubleshooting techniques. Each section is accompanied by flowcharts to illustrate the processes and relationships between components. Key topics such as subnetting, VLAN assignment, and firewall traffic management are also highlighted.

Uploaded by

Karthik Karthik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Advanced Networking Notes with Flowcharts

1. OSI Model Explained

Each layer in OSI has its function. Think of it like a ladder:

1. Physical: Sends bits over cables (e.g., Ethernet).

2. Data Link: Adds MAC address, frames the data.

3. Network: Adds IP address, finds route.

4. Transport: Ensures data delivery (TCP/UDP).

5. Session: Starts and ends the session.

6. Presentation: Encryption, compression.

7. Application: Interface with software (HTTP, FTP).

[FLOWCHART]

Data -> Application -> Presentation -> Session -> Transport -> Network -> Data Link -> Physical -> Cable
Advanced Networking Notes with Flowcharts

2. TCP/IP Stack

This is the real-world version of OSI:

- Application: Email, web, DNS

- Transport: TCP/UDP

- Internet: IP, ICMP

- Network Access: Ethernet, Wi-Fi

[FLOWCHART]

App > Transport (TCP) > IP > MAC > Cable


Advanced Networking Notes with Flowcharts

3. IP Addressing and Subnetting

- IPv4: 192.168.1.1

- Subnetting divides a network into smaller networks.

- CIDR notation: /24 = 255.255.255.0 = 256 IPs

Subnetting Flow:

1. Decide number of hosts needed.

2. Use formula: 2^n - 2 >= required hosts.

3. Assign subnet mask accordingly.


Advanced Networking Notes with Flowcharts

4. Routing Protocols Flow

- RIP: Uses hop count, max 15 hops.

- OSPF: Divides network into areas, uses Dijkstra's algorithm.

- BGP: Path vector protocol used for internet-level routing.

[FLOWCHART]

RIP <--- small networks

OSPF <--- medium networks

BGP <--- large ISP/internet


Advanced Networking Notes with Flowcharts

5. VLANs & Switching

- VLAN: Virtual LAN, logical group of devices.

- Switch assigns VLAN using port/tagging.

- Trunk ports carry multiple VLANs.

[FLOWCHART]

Host --(VLAN10)-- Switch --(Trunk)-- Switch --(VLAN10)-- Host2


Advanced Networking Notes with Flowcharts

6. Firewall Rules

Firewalls allow or deny traffic:

- Based on IP, Port, Protocol

- Example Rule:

Allow: 192.168.1.1 -> Any : Port 80 (HTTP)

[FLOWCHART]

INCOMING TRAFFIC

Check Source IP -> Check Port -> Allow/Deny


Advanced Networking Notes with Flowcharts

7. Troubleshooting Cheat Sheet

1. Check physical (cable, link light)

2. Use `ip link`, `ping`, `traceroute`

3. Verify DNS with `nslookup`

4. Use `netstat` or `ss` to check ports

5. Check firewall settings

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