Understanding

Health and
Wellness

Chapter Preview Working with the Photo

Lesson 1 Your Total Health ................ 4 Building Health Skills ..........................28 Physical activity is an
important part of your
Lesson 2 Skills for Building Hands-on Health ..................................30
Health ..................................10 overall health. How can
Chapter Reading Review.....................31 being healthful make
Lesson 3 What Affects Your your day fun?
Chapter Assessment ............................32
Health? ................................18
Lesson 4 Health Risks and
Your Behavior .................... 23

2
Nathan Bilow/Getty Images
Start-Up Activities
What do you do to keep yourself healthy?
Take the short health inventory below. Keep a record of your answers.

Health Inventory
1. I get at least nine hours of sleep every night.
(a) always (b) sometimes (c) never
2. I am a good listener.
(a) always (b) sometimes (c) never
3. I try to fill my life with positive people and
activities.
(a) always (b) sometimes (c) never

Make this Foldable® to record and organize what you

learn in Lesson 1 about the three parts of health. Begin with two plain sheets
of 8½” × 11” paper.
Line up one of the
1 short edges of a 3 Stack the two squares and
staple along the fold.
sheet of paper
with one of
the long edges.
Title your Foldable® “Three Parts of
Cut off the leftover 4 Health.” Label the inside page
rectangle. arts
Three P h
spreads Physical, Mental/ of Healt
Repeat Step 1 Emotional, and Social.
2 with the second
On the appropriate page of your Foldable®
sheet. You will
take notes on what you learn about each of
now have two
the three parts of health, and give examples
squares.
from your own life.

Visit glencoe.com and use the eFlashcards to preview Chapter 1

vocabulary terms.

33
3
 Lesson 1

Your Total Health

Building Vocabulary Focusing on the Main Ideas

Two of the words below have In this lesson you will be able to
similar meanings. Write what ■ identify the three parts of health.
you think are good definitions
■ explain the difference between health and wellness.
of each word. Make changes
to the definitions as you read ■ describe how the mind and the body are connected.
the lesson.
Reading Strategy
■ health (p. 4) Finding the Main Idea Read the main headings in this lesson. For
■ wellness (p. 7) each heading, write one sentence that describes the main idea.
■ mind-body connection
Use the Foldable® on p. 3 as you read this lesson.
(p. 8)

Write a short paragraph Three Parts of Good Health

describing how a person
Samantha eats plenty of fruits and vegetables each day. Three
with “total health”
might look and act. days a week, she runs two miles after school. However, some morn-
What might this person’s ings she has a hard time getting up because she stayed up too late
lifestyle be like? the night before. On those days, Samantha is cranky and argues
with her friends. She is also too tired to pay attention in class. Is
Samantha as healthy as she could be?

Improve Physical Health:

Like Samantha, your total health involves all the parts of your
life. Health is a combination of physical, mental/emotional, and
1. Eat diet foods. social well-being. These different parts affect each other through-
2. Exercise daily at least out your life. They are like the sides of a triangle. You need all

40-60 minutes.
three sides to complete the triangle, and each side supports the
other two sides to make up your total health. Figure 1.1 shows
3. Sleep at lest 9 hours the three sides of the health triangle.
daily. Physical Health
4. Drink water 8-10 One side of the health triangle is your physical health. Physical
cups daily. health involves the condition of your body. If you feel strong and

5. Brush your teeth daily.

have lots of energy, you probably have good physical health. Eating
a well-balanced diet and doing plenty of physical activity, such as
6. Always wear a safety participating in a sport or individual fitness activities, are keys to
belt when you ride in a good physical health. Getting plenty of sleep is also important.

vehicle.
Most teens need about nine hours each night.

4 Chapter 1: Understanding Health and Wellness

 Richard Anderson
What else can you do to have good physical health? See your
doctor and dentist for regular checkups. Brush your teeth every day
and practice healthful hygiene habits. Always wear a safety belt
when you ride in a vehicle. Wear proper protective gear when you
are involved in physical activities. When you are at school, follow
the safety rules. All of these actions are strategies for improving
Why Teens Need
and maintaining personal health. More Sleep
Some activities can harm physical health. You take chances
Scientific research suggests
with your health when you smoke cigarettes or use other forms of
that teens need more sleep
tobacco. Tobacco products can harm your mouth, heart, and lungs.
than other age groups. To be
Using alcohol or other drugs can harm your health, too. They can well rested, set up a regular
damage your liver, brain, and other organs. Taking unnecessary sleep schedule that includes
risks can also lead to accidents and injuries. at least nine hours of sleep
each night.
Use reliable resources from
FIGURE 1.1 your home, school, and
community to find out more
THE HEALTH TRIANGLE information about the sleep
Your total health is made up of needs of teens. Report your
three parts, like a triangle. Give
findings to the class.
an example of how physi-
cal, mental/emotional, and
social health are interrelated
during adolescence.
Tobacco & Alcohol
1. Tobacco products can
Harm our Physical Health: harm your mouth, heart, and
1. Smoke cigarettes. lungs.
ME

2. Use tobacco or drugs.

2. Using alcohol or other
3. Drink alcohol.
NT

drugs can damage your

AL
L

liver, brain, and other

ICA

/EM

organs.
YS

OT
PH

IO
NA
L

SOCIAL

Lesson 1: Your Total Health 5

 Mental/Emotional Health
Another side of the health triangle is
your mental/emotional health. Mental
health refers to your ability to solve prob-
lems and handle the daily events of your
life. When you have good mental health,
What is one of the you are able to see new ways of doing things.
greatest challenges Emotional health involves feelings, such
for teens today?
as happiness, sadness, and anger.
One of the greatest If you are mentally and emotionally
challenges for teens today healthy, you can face challenges in a posi-
is managing stress. There are so many
tive yet realistic way. You are patient with
things that teens worry about that they
yourself when you try to learn new sub-
become stressed and it overwhelms
them. If only teens knew how to manage jects or new skills. You understand that
stress, then all the little problems that everybody makes mistakes—including
create stress wouldn’t be as difficult to you! There is usually a “next time” when
overcome. you can try to do better.
Amelia F. Taking action to reach your goals is
Prince George County, VA another part of mental/emotional health.
This can help you focus your energy and
give you a sense of accomplishment.
Making healthful choices, keeping prom-
Academic Vocabulary ises, and taking responsibility for your actions also contribute to
involves (in VOLVZ) (verb) your mental/emotional health, because they help you to feel good
includes. Taking charge about yourself. If you have good mental/emotional health, you
of your physical health
feel in control of your life.
involves eating healthful
foods and exercising daily.
Recall What is emotional health?

Social Health
Good Mental/Emotional Health: Another part of the health triangle is your social health. Social
1. You face challenges in a health describes how you relate to people at home, at school, and
everywhere else in your world. Strong friendships and warm fam-
positive yet realistic way.
ily relationships are signs of good social health.
2. You are patient with yourself.
There are skills you can develop for building and maintain-
3. You know that “ Everybody ing relationships. Be friendly and open toward other people. Be
makes mistakes” - including you. supportive of family members and friends. Encourage them when
4. You take action to reach your they are learning new skills. Whenever you can, help them to
reach their goals. Show friends and family members that you care
goals.
about them and that they can count on you to be truthful and
5. You take responsibility for
reliable. Be considerate and accept who they are. Listen carefully
your actions. when they need someone to talk to. Follow through when you
make promises.

6 Chapter 1: Understanding Health and Wellness

Richard Anderson
Spending time with friends
helps strengthen your social
health. Name two skills you
can develop to build and
maintain relationships.

Improve Social Health:

1. Meet friends and
relatives.
2. Make new friends.
3. Be friendly.
4. Open toward other
people.
5. Be supportive of
family members and
friends.
6. Encourage them when
they are learning new
Sometimes, your opinions will differ from those of others. skills.
7. Whenever you can,
When you disagree, choose your words carefully. Pay attention to
help them to reach their
your tone of voice. You can disagree and express your opinions.
goals.
However, you do not have to argue or show disrespect.
8. Be considerate and
accept who they are.
Name What are the three sides of the health
9. Listen carefully when
triangle?
they need someone to
talk to.
Your Overall Wellness 10. Follow through when
you make promises.
What is the difference between health and wellness? Wellness
is a state of well-being or balanced health over a longer period of time.
Your health constantly changes. One day you might feel tired.
Maybe you slept poorly. Maybe you pushed yourself too hard at
sports practice. The very next day, you might feel well rested and full
of energy. Your emotions change, too. You might feel sad one day
but happy the next. Your overall health at any given time is a kind Topic: Positive
of snapshot of your physical, mental/emotional, and social health. Health Behaviors
Your overall wellness takes a longer view. It is the balance between Visit glencoe.com for Student
the three sides of your health triangle over weeks and months. Web Activities on practicing
How can you maintain overall wellness? You can practice good positive health behaviors.
health habits and make smart health choices for your mind and Activity: Using the information
body. The smart choices that you make every day can contribute at the link above, list three
to your wellness over your lifetime. When you practice positive positive health behaviors you
health behaviors, you help to prevent injury, illness, disease, and could practice to stay healthy.
other health problems. Briefly explain how each one
would benefit your health.
Recall What is wellness?

Lesson 1: Your Total Health 7

 Royalty-free/Masterfile
Brushing your teeth regularly
is a simple but important
way to support your total
health and wellness. List
three other activities that
you can do regularly to
maintain your health and
wellness.

The Mind-Body Connection

Your emotions have a lot to do with your physical health. Think
about an event in your own life that made you feel sad. How did
you deal with this emotion? Sometimes people have a difficult
time dealing with their emotions. This can have a negative effect
on their physical health. For example, they might get headaches,
backaches, upset stomachs, colds, the flu, or even more serious
diseases. Why do you think this happens?
Your mind and body connect through your nervous system.
This system includes thousands of miles of nerves. The nerves
link your brain to every part of your body. Upsetting thoughts
and feelings can affect the signals that go out from your brain to
other parts of your body.
The mind-body connection is how your emotions affect your
physical and overall health and how your overall health affects your
emotions. It shows how important it is to keep the three sides of the
health triangle in balance. If you become very sad or angry, or if
you have other strong emotions, talk to someone. Sometimes just
talking to a good friend helps. Sometimes you may be in a situa-
tion that requires the professional health services of a counselor
or medical provider.

Explain How are your emotions and your

Visit glencoe.com and physical and overall health interrelated?
complete the Interactive Study
Guide for Lesson 1. To make sure that your physical, mental/emotional, and social
health all work together in a positive way, practice the suggestions
on the Healthful To-Do Lists in Figure 1.2.

8 Chapter 1: Understanding Health and Wellness

 FIGURE 1.2
For My Mental/Emotional Health
HEALTHFUL TO -DO LISTS 1. Understand my strengths and weaknesses.
Take responsibility for your personal health 2. Express my feelings clearly and calmly.
by keeping all three sides of your health tri- 3. Be patient with myself.
angle in balance. Which of the items on
these lists do you already do? Which do
4. Accept helpful feedback and suggestions.
you need to work on? 5. Find activities that I enjoy.
6. Be open to learning new skills and information.
7. Take responsibility for my actions.
y P hy s ic al Health 8. Manage feelings in healthy ways.
For M d in g e ating a hea
lthy
diet, in c lu
ll-balanced For My Socia
1. Eat a we l Health
every day. 1. Show that I resp
breakf ast, hours each
night. ay.
a t le a s t n in e
6 0 m in utes each d 2. Learn to disag
ect and care for
others.
2. S le e p or at le a s t ree without arguin
y s ic ally active f rly. 3. Learn to be a g.
3. B e p h
s h m y hair regula good listener.
4. Bathe a
nd w a day. 4. Be open and fr
t le ast twice a s. iendly toward othe
5. Brush m
y te e th a
o h o l, a n d other drug 5. Be loyal, depen rs.
o, a lc dable, and truthf
sing tobacc ing in a veh
icle. 6. Pay attention to ul.
6. Avoid u h e n r id ps. the words I use w
a saf ety belt
w
re g ular checku hen speaking to
7. W e a r doc to r f o r
ide a
or about others.
dentist and , skate, or r 7. Support my frie
8. Visit the rw h e n I b ik e nds and family m
tective gea 8. Become close embers.
9. Wear pro friends with at le
. ast one other pers
skateboard on .

Lesson 1 Review

Review this lesson for new terms, major headings, and Reading Checks.

What I Learned 5. Describe Name and describe at least three

1. Vocabulary Define health. traits that you might find in a person
who has good social health.
2. Give Examples List three activities that
can contribute to your total health.
Applying Health Skills
3. Distinguish What is the difference 6. Goal Setting Write down three strate-
between health and wellness? gies that you could use to improve
and maintain your personal health.
Thinking Critically Choose one strategy from each side of
4. Analyze Reread the story of Samantha on the health triangle. Keep a journal for
page 4. What parts of her health triangle at least one week. Record what steps you
are out of balance? Suggest ways she could took to carry out your plan.
balance her health triangle.

For more Lesson Review Activities, go to glencoe.com. Lesson 1: Your Total Health 9
 Lesson 2

Skills for Building Health

Building Vocabulary Focusing on the Main Ideas

Each term below relates to a In this lesson you will be able to
health skill. Write down each ■ identify ten basic skills that you need for good overall health.
term. As you read the lesson,
■ explain why these skills are important.
define each of the skills
related to the term. ■ describe how to use these skills for total health and wellness.
■ reliable (p. 11) ■ apply the health skill of advocacy to encourage teens to be
physically active.
■ stress (p. 13)
■ stress management (p. 13) Reading Strategy i>Ì ÊΈ 7>ÞÃÊÌ ˆÃÊΈÊ܈ÊLi˜ivˆÌʓÞÊ i>Ì

VViÃȘ}ʈ˜vœÀ“>̈œ˜ 7ˆÊ>œÜʓiÊ̜ʓ>Žiʈ˜vœÀ“i`Ê
■ interpersonal Classifying Create a chart V œˆViÃÊ>LœÕÌʓÞÊ i>Ì
communication (p. 15) like the one shown here. *À>V̈Vˆ˜}Êi>Ì vÕÊ i >ۈœÀà 7ˆÊ>œÜʓiÊ̜ÊÃÌ>ÞÊÜi

■ refusal skills (p. 16) As you read the lesson,

list the health skills in
■ conflict (p. 16) the left column. In the
■ conflict-resolution skills right column, write
(p. 16) ways in which each
■ advocacy (p. 17) skill will benefit
your health.

Write a short paragraph

describing a health Learning Health Skills
decision that you made Just as you learn sports, math, reading, and other kinds
recently. of skills, you can learn skills for taking care of your health.
Figure 1.3 lists ten different health skills that will be covered
in detail in the following chapters. You will have the opportu-
nity to practice each of these skills, and practicing them will help
you master them. Using these skills will improve your health and
overall wellness.

Accessing Information
A world of information is at your fingertips. Just pick up a
newspaper or magazine. Turn on your television, radio, or compu-
ter. You can always learn more about whatever you are interested
in. To make good choices for your health, you need good sources
of information. You also need strong research skills.

10 Chapter 1: Understanding Health and Wellness

 FIGURE 1.3

TEN BUILDING BLOCKS FOR TOTAL HEALTH

These ten skills will help you build lifelong health and wellness. Which
part of the health triangle do you think communication skills
benefit the most?

Accessing Practicing Healthful

Information Behaviors

Stress Analyzing
Management Influences

Communication Conflict-Resolution
Skills Skills

Refusal Decision
Skills Making

Goal Setting Advocacy

Sources of Information
Where can you find all this information? You can use resources
from the home, school, and community to get valid health infor-
mation. Your first source should be your parents, guardians, or
other adults you trust. You can also use library resources.
You can find more facts about health and health-enhancing
products or services through media sources such as television, radio,
and the Internet. TV and radio interviews with health professionals
can give you information about current scientific studies related to
health. The Internet has up-to-the-minute information from gov-
ernment agencies, universities, and health care providers. Web sites
that end in .gov and .edu are often the most reliable sites.
Getting health information is important, but so is analyzing
whether that health information is valid, or reliable. Reliable
Academic Vocabulary
means that the source is trustworthy and dependable. Try to learn
expert (EK spert) (noun)
something about the person or organization providing the infor-
a person who has a lot of
mation. For example, is the author of a health article an expert
knowledge in a specific
on the subject? Does he or she name scientific studies or other subject. Ms. Mendoza
sources for the facts? To make sure the information is correct, asked her neighbor to
try to find other books or articles that agree or disagree with the speak to our class because
author. he is a fitness expert.

Lesson 2: Skills for Building Health 11

 Royalty-free/Masterfile
Making good decisions about
your health begins with find-
ing valid health information.
Name two online sources
that you can use to get
valid health information.

If you are doing research on the Internet, check who owns or

operates each Web site that you are using. Is the owner or operator
a university, hospital, or government office? Find out who wrote
the information for the site. Check out the author just as you
would for a print article. If you are not sure whether the source is
trustworthy, check with the librarian.

Define What does reliable mean?

Self-Management
When you were younger, your parents and other adults
decided what was best for your health. Now that you are older,
you make many of these decisions for yourself. You take care of
your personal health. You have a say in what you eat and when
you sleep. You are developing your self-management skills. Two
key self-management skills are practicing healthful behaviors and
managing stress.

Practicing Healthful Behaviors

When you practice healthful behaviors, you start seeing ben-
efits quickly. These benefits last as you grow and change. Exercise
regularly, and your heart and muscles grow stronger. Eat healthful
foods and drink plenty of water, and your body works more effec-
tively. Get a good night’s sleep, and you wake up with more energy.
Practicing healthful behaviors can help you learn new skills, meet
challenges, and enjoy life. Practicing positive health behaviors can
also prevent injury, illness, disease, and other health problems.

12 Chapter 1: Understanding Health and Wellness

Stress Management
Rashid was a good baseball player. When he played for fun
with friends, he could hit, catch, and run the bases well. Before
league games, however, Rashid often felt worried. He did not want
to make a mistake. His worrying gave him a headache. His stom-
ach got so upset he could hardly eat. These things made him play Stress Chemicals
poorly. Rashid was showing signs of stress, the body’s response to When you feel stress, your
real or imagined dangers and other life events. body releases certain
You will always have positive and negative stress in your life. chemicals. One such chemical
Positive stress can be helpful. It can help you focus and take action. is adrenaline. Adrenaline
For example, you might study hard for a test so you will do well. makes your heart beat faster
At times, however, stress can make you feel unsure of yourself. to pump more blood. It makes
your lungs work harder to take
It can keep you from taking action or trying new things. This
in more oxygen. It also boosts
kind of stress is not helpful, as Rashid’s story shows. This negative
the amount of sugar in your
stress can hurt your physical health by making it hard to sleep or blood. This gives you more
making your head or stomach hurt. energy to deal with danger.
Stress is part of daily life. Learning strategies for
Research how adrenaline
dealing with stress is an important self-management skill.
and other stress chemicals
Stress management means identifying sources of stress and affect the body. Write a
learning how to handle them in ways that promote good mental/ short paragraph about your
emotional health. findings.

Define What does stress mean?

Preparing for a big test can

be stressful. Name two
situations in your life
that cause you stress.

Lesson 2: Skills for Building Health 13

Gail Mooney/Masterfile
 Brian Pieters/Masterfile
Analyzing Influences
Jonathan needed basketball shoes. He had finally saved enough
money to buy a new pair. He did not want to waste his money,
so he researched different brands. He wanted shoes that would
fit well and last a long time. Jonathan found two brands that
Smart Shopping might work for him. He had seen ads on television for one of the
How can you be sure that a brands featuring a major basketball star. The other brand was of
product is safe to use? You high quality, but no sports star was promoting them. They cost
need to analyze whether the less than the other brand and they were just as good. Even so,
product’s claims are valid. Jonathan’s friends told him to buy the shoes worn by the star in
Read product labels carefully. the commercial.
Follow the directions and look Jonathan had to decide whether the more expensive shoes
for warnings. The U.S. Product were worth buying. What might have affected his decision? First,
Safety Commission warns
he saw an ad for shoes that featured a basketball star. He also
buyers about unsafe products
and their risks. listened to his friends’ opinions. Finally, Jonathan thought about
which shoes he liked best.
Research one of the Your decisions have to do with more than just knowing facts.
latest U.S. Product Safety
They also have to do with your own values and beliefs. The opin-
Commission’s warnings.
Share your findings with ions of your friends and family members, your culture, and mes-
the class. sages from the media also affect your decisions. Understanding
what influences you will help you make responsible choices in
the future.

Describe What influences affect your decisions?

Decisions that affect your

health are often con-
nected to personal taste:
your likes and dislikes.
What information do you
use to decide whether a
food is healthful for you?

14 Chapter 1: Understanding Health and Wellness

 Advocacy
A Physical Fitness Campaign
You and some friends want to help teens in your community understand that
physical activity benefits health. How can you influence your peers to make the
positive choice of participating in regular physical activity? You have an idea:
Make a comic strip showing that physical activity is healthy and fun.

With a Group
Create a comic strip that encourages teens to be physically active on a regular
basis. Follow these steps:
1. Create a story line.
2. Develop characters. The characters can be people, talking objects like
baseballs, or anything else that you can imagine.
3. As a group, discuss how to make your comic strip convincing and
engaging.
4. Divide jobs, such as drawing and writing dialogue, among group
members.
5. Present your completed comic strip to the rest of the class.

Communication Skills
How many people did you communicate with today? Did
you tell someone how you were feeling? Did you listen to some-
one tell you about a new idea? Did you smile at a friend? Did
someone smile at you? Your relationships with others depend on
good communication skills. You must be able to speak well and
listen carefully, too. Speaking skills help you express your ideas
and feelings in healthful ways. Listening skills let you under-
stand the messages other people send you. These skills are part
of interpersonal communication, the sharing of thoughts and
feelings with other people. Two of the most important communica-
tion skills are saying no when others want you to do something
unhealthy and settling conflicts peacefully. By using these skills,
you can handle difficult situations safely and fairly.
Communication skills involve more than speaking and
listening. You send messages through the words you choose and
how you say them, through your facial expressions, and even
through your posture. When you communicate effectively, you
can prevent misunderstandings. You can also support others when
they need it.

Lesson 2: Skills for Building Health 15

 Richard Anderson
Refusal Skills
When you stand up for a decision you
make, you also need to stand up for the
values and beliefs behind that decision.
This is especially true when you choose
to avoid potentially harmful situations.
Refusal skills, ways to say no effectively,
are a great tool to use when you need to
avoid behavior that is unhealthy, unsafe,
or goes against your values and beliefs.
Here are some ways to say no effectively:
Refusal skills can help
you avoid potentially • Say no. “No, I can’t go with you today.”
harmful situations. • Tell why not. “I would be breaking a promise.”
Name a situation in • Offer other ideas. “What about tomorrow?”
which a teen might
• Promptly leave if you need to.
need to use refusal
skills. To say no effectively to behavior that you don’t want to take
part in, use the right body language and tone. For example, direct
eye contact, a serious facial expression, and a firm but not angry
tone of voice will communicate your message clearly.

Conflict-Resolution Skills
People have different wants, needs, and ways of looking
at things. Sometimes this causes a conflict, or a disagreement
between people with opposing viewpoints, interests, or needs. Conflict
is a normal part of life. Dealing with conflict is an important part
of social health. It takes good conflict-resolution skills. This
means having the ability to end a disagreement or keep it from becom-
ing a larger conflict.
People often disagree over how to spend time, spend money,
or share resources. Here are some conflict-resolution tips:
• Take a time-out to let everyone calm down.
• Allow each person to tell his or her side of the story.
• Let each person ask questions of the other.
• Keep thinking of creative ways to resolve the conflict.

Identify What are refusal skills?

Decision Making and Goal Setting

The path to good health begins with good choices. These
include the choice to eat nutritious foods and get enough sleep.
Chapter 2 explains how to use the steps of the decision-making

16 Chapter 1: Understanding Health and Wellness

process to take responsibility for your physical, mental/emotional,
and social health.
Learning how to set realistic goals is another step towards
health and well-being. Maybe you want to run in a big race. Maybe
you want to sharpen your skills in a sport so you can try out for
the school team. In Chapter 2, you will find information that will
help you develop your goal-setting skills.

Advocacy
You might know of unsafe or unhealthy conditions in your
school or neighborhood. For example, each day you might pass
a busy street corner without a stop sign. You might think that
it’s dangerous. When you care about an issue that could harm
people’s health, you work to improve it. Working to bring about
a change involves the skill of advocacy. Advocacy is taking
action in support of a cause. Advocates may write letters to news-
paper editors to call for change. They may also collect signatures Visit glencoe.com and
from people who support a cause and send the signatures to local complete the Interactive Study
government leaders. Guide for Lesson 2.

Explain What is advocacy?

Lesson 2 Review

Review this lesson for new terms, major headings, and Reading Checks.

What I Learned Thinking Critically

1. Vocabulary Define interpersonal 5. Analyze Why is it important to develop
communication. skills for finding reliable information?
2. Identify Give two examples of self- 6. Describe Name two refusal skills that can
management skills. help you say no to activities that could
harm your health.
3. Distinguish What is the difference
between stress and conflict?
Applying Health Skills
4. Give Examples Name two activities that
7. Accessing Information List three sources
would allow you to be an advocate.
you could use to find valid information
about nutrition. Explain why you think
each source is or is not valid.

For more Lesson Review Activities, go to glencoe.com. Lesson 2: Skills for Building Health 17
 Lesson 3

What Affects Your Health?

Building Vocabulary Focusing on the Main Ideas Reading Strategy

Three of the four terms below In this lesson, you will be able to Predicting Read the main
refer to types of influences ■ explain why heredity is a health
headings and look at the
on your health. Write down factor that you cannot control. figures in this lesson. Then
examples of each type of write down three pieces
■ explain the role that environment
influence. of information that you
plays in your total health.
■ heredity (p. 18)
think might be covered in
■ identify internal and external the lesson. After you have
■ environment (p. 19) influences that affect health completed the lesson, look
■ cultural background (p. 21) choices. back to see whether your
■ evaluate (p. 22) ■ access reliable information to predictions were correct.
evaluate an advertised product.

List three influences that Your Heredity

might affect your health.
Many factors affect your health and wellness. You have con-
trol over some of these factors but not all. For example, you
cannot control the color of your skin or eyes. You cannot control
the shape of your nose or your ears. Heredity (huh·RED·i·tee)
controls these and other physical traits, or parts of your
appearance. Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to their
biological children.
Genes are the basic units of heredity.
They are made from a chemical called
DNA, and they set the pattern for
all of your physical traits. You
inherited, or received, exactly
half your genes from your
father. You inherited
the other half from
your mother.

Children look like their parents

because of inherited traits. Give
two examples of inherited traits.

18 Chapter 1: Understanding Health and Wellness

Myrleen Ferguson Cate/PhotoEdit
 Genes do more than determine traits such as hair and eye
color. Genes control how every cell in your body works. Genes can
affect your health in ways that you cannot control. For example,
some genes can cause disease. It helps to be aware that you might
have inherited genes that could increase your risk of developing
a certain disease. That way, you can make better decisions about
your health. For example, if you have a family history of heart
disease, you can choose to eat a low-fat diet and exercise regularly
to keep your heart healthy.

Identify What is heredity?

Your Environment
Think about where you live. Do you live in a city, a suburb,
or a small town? Do you live in the country? Where you live is
the physical part of your environment. Environment includes
all living and nonliving things around you. Environment affects
your personal health. Figure 1.4 lists some of the parts of your
environment.

FIGURE 1.4

FACTORS OF YOUR ENVIRONMENT

People live in many different environments, including big cities and
small towns. What are two factors of your physical environment?

Physical Environment Social Environment

• Where you live • Family
• Housing • Neighbors
• Climate • Educational opportunities
• Air and water quality • Job opportunities

Lesson 3: What Affects Your Health? 19

(l) Richard Anderson, (r) Royalty-free/Thinkstock/Getty Images
 Physical Environment
Your physical environment includes the home you live in, the
school you go to, the air and water around you, and the climate.
The climate is what the weather is like where you live. For exam-
Health Officer ple, some places have warm weather all year long. Other places
Health officers work for have cold winters and warm summers.
many departments of Air and water quality are important parts of your physical
health at the local, state, and environment. Breathing fresh air and drinking clean water are
national level. They run important for good health. Motor vehicles, factories, and power
programs that teach people plants can all pollute the air. Air pollution can have negative
how to live healthier lives. effects on health. For example, polluted air can harm the health
There will always be a need for of teens with respiratory problems such as asthma. The quality of
health officers because people
indoor air can be affected by whether family members smoke.
will always need information
The water quality in cities is usually good because the drink-
on maintaining good personal
health. In order to prepare for ing water is purified. Harmful pollutants are removed. Water in
a career as a health officer, the country often comes from wells. Sometimes chemicals from
you’ll need to take science farms pollute wells. Well water may need to be tested from time
classes like biology and to time to ensure that the water is safe to drink.
psychology.
What skills does a health
Social Environment
officer need? Go to Career Do you have brothers or sisters? Brothers, sisters, and other
Corner at glencoe.com to family members are all part of your social environment. Your
find out. social environment includes others in your life, such as friends,
classmates, and neighbors. It also includes the services available
to you, such as schools, health care, and recreation.
Does your community have places for recreation, such as parks
and tennis or basketball courts? Recreation is as much a part of
your social environment as schools and health care. Having places
to play games and enjoy physical activities can have a positive
effect on your overall health. Many communities have resources
such as playgrounds and community centers where people can
take part in different activities.
You may not be able to change your physical and social envi-
ronments. However, you can recognize that there is a relationship
between factors in these environments and your personal health.
Understanding this relationship can help you develop strategies
for improving and maintaining your personal health. For exam-
ple, you probably can’t change the fact that you live in a warm and
sunny climate. You can, however, wear sunscreen to help protect
your skin from the sun’s harmful rays. You can’t easily change
the people who are your classmates, but you can choose which of
them will be your close friends.

Describe What makes up a person’s social

environment?

20 Chapter 1: Understanding Health and Wellness

 Accessing Information
Evaluating Information in Ads
To make good health decisions, you must decide what is valid and what is
not. Here are tips to help you evaluate information in ads.
• Check the source. What or who is the source of the information in the
ad? Is the source reliable? Many ads do not give any source. Other ads
list unclear sources such as “most doctors” or “leading athletes.”
• Consider claims the ads make. Some ads make health claims about
a product. How can you tell whether the claims are true? Look for facts
that help prove whether the claims are true or misleading. Places to
check the reliability of sources and claims in ads include your local
library and Internet sites run by a government agency or university.

On Your Own
Choose a newspaper or magazine ad or TV commercial about a product
that could affect your health. It could, for example, be about a food, drink,
or cosmetic product. Find reliable sources of information and research the
health benefits of the product. Present your findings to the class.

Your Health Choices

Your daily choices shape your health and wellness. These
choices depend on many factors. Some factors are part of who
you are. They include your likes, dislikes, feelings, and ways of
The celebration of
thinking. Other factors are part of your physical and social envi- Kwanzaa is a tradition in
ronment. Your friends, family, trusted adults, and the media are many African American
some examples. Choices, unlike environment or heredity, are families. What are some
under your complete control. It’s important to take responsibility other holiday celebra-
for your personal health behaviors and choices. tions from different
cultural backgrounds?
Influence of Family and Friends
Your family is one of the biggest influences on your
life. It shapes your cultural background, or the
beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of peo-
ple. Your family and its cultural background influence
the holidays you celebrate, the foods you eat, and the
activities you take part in. Your cultural background
can also affect your health. Knowing how your lifestyle
and family history relate to the cause or prevention of
health problems can help you stay well.

21
Royalty-free/CORBIS
 Your friends can also influence your choices. This influence
can be positive or negative. For example, a friend who listens to
you and helps you find good solutions to problems is a positive
influence. A friend who urges you to drink alcohol or try other
risky behaviors is a negative influence. It is important to under-
stand that peer pressure can influence healthful choices.

Influence of the Media

What do television, radio, movies, magazines, newspapers,
books, billboards, and the Internet have in common? They all are
forms of media.
The media are powerful sources of information. They can help
you make wise health choices. However, you need to evaluate, or
determine the quality of, everything you see, hear, or read. This is
especially true of magazine ads and TV commercials. Their goal is
to make you want to buy a product, whether or not it is good for
Visit glencoe.com and your health. Knowing how to analyze health information, prod-
complete the Interactive Study ucts, and services can help you make wise health choices.
Guide for Lesson 3.
Identify What are some influences on health
choices?

Lesson 3 Review

Review this lesson for new terms, major headings, and Reading Checks.

What I Learned 5. Synthesize What can a teen who has a

1. Vocabulary Define evaluate. family history of heart disease do to
reduce the risk of getting the disease?
2. List Name two types of media that
could influence your decisions.
Applying Health Skills
3. Identify Name two factors that are part 6. Analyzing Influences For a week, iden-
of the physical environment. tify as many influences on your health
choices as you can. Label each influence
Thinking Critically as being positive or negative. Explain
4. Apply Watch a TV commercial for a why you chose the labels you did.
health-related product. What information
does the commercial tell you about the
product? Do you think the information
is valid? Explain.

22 Chapter 1: Understanding Health and Wellness For more Lesson Review Activities, go to glencoe.com.
Lesson 4

Health Risks and Your Behavior

Building Vocabulary Focusing on the Main Ideas

Two of the terms below are In this lesson you will be able to
related to keeping you safe. Write ■ describe how risks and risk behaviors can affect your
down these words. As you read health.
the lesson, write their definitions.
■ explain that risk behaviors have consequences.
■ risk (p. 23) ■ identify ways to avoid or reduce risk.
■ risk behaviors (p. 24)
■ consequences (p. 24) Reading Strategy
Finding the Main Idea Read the main headings in
■ cumulative risk (p. 25)
this lesson. For each heading, write one sentence that
■ prevention (p. 26) describes the main idea.
■ abstinence (p. 27)

Risk and Risk Behaviors Write about something

Some risk is a part of everyday life. A risk is the chance that you believe is a risky
something harmful may happen to your health and wellness. Some behavior. List the
risks are easy to identify. For example, if you ride a bike without possible negative
consequences of that
a helmet, you risk a head injury if you fall. Other risks are more
behavior.
hidden. For example, you might have a habit of snacking on high-
fat foods. Eating these foods may lead to unhealthful weight gain
and heart disease later in life.

Inline skating can be fun,

but like all physical activities,
it carries the risk of injury.
What steps have these
teens taken to reduce their
risk of injury while inline
skating?

Lesson 4: Health Risks and Your Behavior 23

Myrleen Ferguson Cate/PhotoEdit
 Richard Anderson
You cannot avoid every kind of risk. For example, if you
play a sport, you risk injury. Wearing protective gear reduces
the chance of injury but does not eliminate it completely.
Risks that can be avoided often involve risk behaviors,
which are actions or choices that may harm you or others.
Smoking cigarettes is a risk behavior; riding in a car without
wearing a safety belt is another.

Identify What are risk behaviors?

Risks and Consequences

Risk behaviors have consequences. Consequences are
the results of actions. Some risks have consequences that may
not be physically dangerous and may affect only you. If you
choose not to study for a test, for example, you risk getting
a low score on the test. Other risks can have serious con-
sequences. For example, picking a fight at school can hurt
both you and others.
Physical injury can be a
consequence of certain Identify What are consequences?
risk behaviors. How
might an injury affect
mental/emotional and Teens and Risks
social health? Many teens know ways in which to reduce risks related to
the health problems of adolescence. They know, for example, that
using tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs are risk behaviors that
have many serious effects on health and wellness.
Academic Vocabulary Many teens also know how to compare the benefits and risks
benefits (BEN uh fits) of activities to reduce risk to themselves. For example, they know
(noun) positive things. that wearing a safety belt will help protect them in the event of
One of the benefits of
a motor vehicle accident. Most middle-school students make sure
healthful eating is having
to buckle up when riding in a vehicle. Teens also understand that
enough energy to get
through your day. regular exercise helps fight heart disease and other illnesses. Most
teens try to be physically active. See Figure 1.5 for more informa-
tion on how teens choose behaviors that help them avoid risk and
protect their health.

How Risks Add Up

On its own, a risk may not seem that dangerous. The greater
the number of risks, however, the greater the chances of negative
consequences. For example, jogging on a busy street is one risk
factor. Jogging on a busy street at night adds another risk factor.
Jogging along a busy street at night during a rainstorm greatly
increases the chances of serious injury. Or, eating a diet full of

24 Chapter 1: Understanding Health and Wellness

 FIGURE 1.5

MOST YOUNG PEOPLE CHOOSE TO AVOID R ISKS AND

PROTECT THEIR HEALTH
Most teens know ways in which to reduce risks related to the health
problems of adolescence. What positive health behaviors do you
practice to stay healthy?

Have never used

tobacco 63%
Will not use illegal
drugs in their lifetime
Don’t use
80% 80% alcohol

Wear safety belts

Participate in an
80–90%
59% organized team or sports
club after school

high-fat foods is one risk factor. Not getting regular exercise is

another risk factor. These two risks combined greatly increase a
person’s chances of developing heart disease. When one risk factor
adds to another to increase danger, it is called cumulative risk.

Identify What is cumulative risk?

Is It Worth the Risk?

You travel to school and other places. You play sports or enjoy
other physical activities. These activities offer you benefits. As
with any activity, they also have some risks. Ask yourself, are the
benefits greater than the risks? For example, are the benefits of
playing a sport greater than the risk of getting hurt? Evaluate each
risk before making a decision.
Check the facts before making decisions about risks. Study how
likely it is that a risk behavior will have negative consequences.
Research what healthful behaviors can reduce risks. The skill of
accessing information can help you do this. For example, research
has shown that wearing a safety belt when riding in a vehicle cuts
the risk of serious injury in half in the event of a crash. When you
know how much risk a behavior carries, you can decide whether
it is worth doing.

Lesson 4: Health Risks and Your Behavior 25

 (tl) Michael Newman/PhotoEdit, (tr) Dennis MacDonald/PhotoEdit, (b) David Young-Wolff/PhotoEdit
How to Avoid or Reduce Risks
Practicing prevention means taking steps to avoid something.
This is the best way to deal with avoidable risks. For example, wear
a helmet when you ride a bike to help prevent head injury. Slow
down on wet or icy pavement to help prevent a fall. Prevention
How Often Do Sports also means watching out for possible dangers. When you know
Injuries Occur? what dangers lie ahead, you can avoid them. See Figure 1.6 for
In the United States, more than tips on protecting yourself from risks. By following these tips, you
30 million children and teens can prevent many accidents and injuries. Take responsibility for
participate in some form of your personal health behaviors by working to reduce risks.
organized sports. Each year,
about 3.5 million people ages List What are two main ways to avoid or
14 and younger get injured reduce risk?
playing sports or participating
in recreational activities.
Calculate the percentage FIGURE 1.6
of children and teens who
play sports or participate in TIPS FOR REDUCING R ISK
recreational activities without Risk-reducing behaviors are key to maintaining your overall
experiencing an injury. health. What other actions can you take to reduce risks?

✓ Plan ahead.
✓ Think about consequences.
✓ Resist negative pressure
from others.
✓ Stay away from risk takers.
✓ Pay attention to what you
are doing.
✓ Know your limits.
✓ Be aware of dangers.

26 Chapter 1: Understanding Health and Wellness

Risks and Your Total Health
Abstinence is the conscious, active choice not to participate in
high-risk behaviors. If you choose not to smoke, you will reduce
your risk of getting lung cancer. If you stay away from alcohol,
illegal drugs, and sexual activity, you will avoid the many negative
consequences of these risky behaviors.
By practicing abstinence from risk behaviors, you take an
active role in caring for your health. This will benefit each part
of your health triangle. Avoiding risk behaviors will help prevent
illness and injuries, contributing to your physical health. When
you take steps to reduce risks, you can feel good about making
responsible health choices. This helps strengthen your mental/
emotional health. In many cases, practicing abstinence from risk
behaviors and reducing unavoidable risks can help keep others Visit glencoe.com and
safe, too. This will benefit your social health. complete the Interactive Study
Guide for Lesson 4.
Explain How can avoiding risk behaviors
benefit your physical health?

Lesson 4 Review

Review this lesson for new terms, major headings, and Reading Checks.

What I Learned Describe the risks that both teens are

1. Vocabulary Define prevention and taking. What possible consequences do
use it in a sentence. these risks carry?

2. Give Examples Name three risk 6. Apply Give an example of how prevention
behaviors that can have negative can help a person avoid a risk.
health consequences.
Applying Health Skills
3. Explain What does abstinence mean? Give
an example of practicing abstinence. 7. Refusal Skills Suppose a peer asks you to
participate in a high-risk behavior such
4. List Name two or more risk factors that
as drinking alcohol. Write a dialogue
can create a cumulative risk.
between you and the peer in which you
use refusal skills to say no to this risky
Thinking Critically
behavior.
5. Hypothesize Suppose two teens are riding
their bikes on a busy street at night. One
is wearing a helmet and the other is not.

For more Lesson Review Activities, go to glencoe.com. Lesson 4: Health Risks and Your Behavior 27
 What are Advocacy Skills?
Advocacy skills involve taking action in support of a cause. An
advocate is someone who works to bring about a change.
Ways to Take Action
Accessing Information ■ Write letters to government leaders and newspaper editors.
Practicing Healthful Behaviors ■ Collect signatures from people in your community.
Stress Management ■ Organize activities in your school or neighborhood.
Analyzing Influences ■ Volunteer with a group that shares your feelings. If no group exists,
Communication Skills start your own group.
Refusal Skills ■ Contact local radio or television stations to see if they will give your
Conflict Resolution cause airtime.
Decision Making
Goal Setting
Advocacy
Making Healthy Choices
Follow the Model, Practice, and Apply steps to
help you master this important health skill.

Model
Read how Derek uses advocacy skills to
convince his brother, Steve, to wear his safety
belt while driving his car.
Derek’s older brother, Steve, just got his
driver’s license. Derek asked Steve to drive him
to his soccer game one Saturday morning. When
they got in the car, Derek fastened his safety
belt. Steve did not. He began to back the car out
of the driveway.
Derek: Wait, Steve. You forgot to buckle your
safety belt.
Steve: The soccer field isn’t that far, so I don’t
need it.
Derek: That’s what you think! It’s no big deal to
buckle up, you know. It can keep you from dying
or getting really hurt if you get into an accident.
I don’t want to get hurt in an accident, and I
don’t want you to get hurt either.
Steve: You’re right, Derek. I’ll buckle up right now.
28
David Young-Wolff/PhotoEdit
Practice
Michael wants to use the skill of advocacy to
convince his friend, Jose, to wear a helmet
when he skateboards. Read the passage
and then practice the skill of advocacy by
completing the activity below.
A few days later, Jose and Michael got out
their skateboards and headed over to the
skate park. When they got there, Jose realized
that he had forgotten to bring his helmet. He
didn’t feel like going home to get it. Michael
knew that if Jose fell without a helmet, he
could injure his head. Write a conversation
showing how Michael could use the skill of
advocacy to persuade Jose to make a healthy
choice.

Apply
Apply what you have learned about using advocacy skills by
completing the activity below.
Think of a time when a friend or someone in your family engaged in
a risk behavior. Write a sentence or two to describe the situation. Then
write a letter persuading that person to make healthier choices in the
future. In your letter, explain the consequences of the risk behavior.
Tell how changing the behavior will improve the person’s health.
Self-Check
■ Did I describe a risk behavior and its consequences?
■ Did I write a letter persuading that person to make a healthier
choice in the future?

Building Health Skills 29

Davis Barber/PhotoEdit
A Picture of Health
What does a healthy person look like?
Healthy people eat nutritious foods and participate in regular physical
activity. They have the energy to do the work that they need to do, plus extra
energy for fun. They use their time alone in useful ways. They can think clearly
and learn new skills and information. They get along with others.
In this activity, you and your classmates will make a photo collage featuring
people who display physical, mental/emotional, and social health.

What You Will Need 3 Paste the cutout images on the poster board
■ Poster board ■ Old magazines to create a photo collage. Title the collage
“A Picture of Health.”
■ Scissors ■ Markers
■ Glue Wrapping It Up
What You Will Do As a group, present your collage to the rest of
the class. Explain to your classmates the images
1 Your teacher will divide the class into small that show each side of the health triangle.
groups. He or she will hand out the materials Describe how physical, mental/emotional, and
listed above to each group. social health are related. If possible, display your
2 As a group, look through the magazines collage in the classroom or in a school hallway.
to find pictures of people demonstrating
physical, mental/emotional, and social health.
Try to find images that show a variety of ages.

30 Chapter 1: Understanding Health and Wellness

Tom Stewart/CORBIS
 Reading Review Visit glencoe.com to download
quizzes and eFlashcards for Chapter 1.

• Analyzing influences means understand-

ing how influences affect your choices.
Foldables® and Other Study Aids Take out • Communication skills include refusal skills
the Foldable® that you created for Lesson 1 and conflict resolution.
and any graphic organizers that you created • Decision making involves a process for
for Lessons 1–4. Find a partner and quiz each making good health choices.
other using these study aids.
• Goal setting includes setting a specific
goal and creating a plan to achieve it.
Lesson 1 Your Total Health
Main Idea Your total health is made up of your Lesson 3 What Affects Your Health?
physical, mental/emotional, and social health. Main Idea Factors that affect your health
• Wellness is a state of well-being or bal- include heredity, environment, and the choices
anced health over a longer period of time. you make.
• The mind-body connection is a link • Your inherited traits are health factors that
between emotions and physical health. you cannot control.
• Eating healthy, getting enough sleep, and • Your physical environment is the place
being physically active are a few ways to where you live and the things around you.
maintain good physical health. • Influences on your health choices include
• Being patient with yourself and others, family, friends, and the media.
understanding your strengths and weak-
nesses, and expressing your feelings in a Lesson 4 Health Risks and
calm way are a few ways to maintain good Your Behavior
mental/emotional health.
Main Idea Risk behaviors have consequences
• Showing respect for others, being a good that can affect your health and wellness.
listener, and supporting friends and family
• It is important to evaluate risks.
members are a few ways to maintain good
social health. • A risk is the chance that something
harmful may happen to your health and
wellness.
Lesson 2 Skills for Building Health
• You can reduce risks to your health by
Main Idea Health skills help you build life-
avoiding alcohol, drugs, and tobacco;
long health and wellness.
wearing a safety belt; and being physically
• Accessing information is the skill of active.
knowing where and how to find reliable
• Prevention means taking steps to avoid
information.
something.
• Practicing healthful behaviors and stress
management are self-management skills.

Chapter 1 Reading Review 31

 Assessment

Health Inventory 7. A reliable source has information based

Now that you have read the chapter, look back at your answers on opinions.
to the Health Inventory on the chapter opener. Is there anything
that you should do differently? 8. An example of advocacy is walking to
raise money for cancer research.
9. Good listening skills are an important
Reviewing Vocabulary and part of goal setting.
Main Ideas
On a sheet of paper, write the numbers 1–4. Lesson 3 What Affects Your Health?
After each number, write the term from the list
that best completes each statement. 10. Your cultural background cannot affect
your health.
• mind-body • physical
11. Your physical environment includes your
connection • mental/emotional
family members.
• wellness • social
12. Many of your physical traits are
controlled by heredity.
Lesson 1 Your Total Health
13. Information from advertising needs to
1. Your _________ health involves how you be evaluated.
relate to others. 14. Your personal likes and dislikes can
2. Powerful emotions might play a role influence the choices you make.
in your catching a cold because of the
_________. Lesson 4 Health Risks and
3. A balanced health triangle helps to Your Behavior
maintain _________.
15. Wearing a safety belt greatly reduces the
4. _________ health can be improved by risk of injury in a motor vehicle accident.
being physically active on a regular basis.
16. The chance of negative consequences
decreases as the number of risks
Write the numbers 5–18. Write True or increases.
False for each statement below. If false, change
17. Decisions about risks need to be based
the underlined word or phrase to make it true.
on facts rather than the opinions of
Lesson 2 Skills for Building Health other people.
18. One example of abstinence is engaging
5. Negative stress can cause physical
in sexual activity.
problems, such as headaches.
6. Effective refusal skills include saying no
to unhealthy behaviors.

32 Chapter 1: Understanding Health and Wellness Visit glencoe.com and take the Online Quiz for Chapter 1.
Thinking Critically Healthy Lifestyle Brochure
Using complete sentences, answer the following
Use digital images in Microsoft Word® to
questions on a sheet of paper.
create a brochure that encourages your
19. Analyze Identify the influences that peers to live a more healthy life. Follow the
affected your decision to buy a certain snack. steps below to complete this project.
20. Apply Think about a health factor that ■ Choose one of the three parts of the health
you cannot control. What steps could you triangle to focus on.
take to reduce the risk of that factor harm- ■ Take digital pictures that represent the part
ing your health? of the health triangle that you have chosen.
■ Scan the pictures into a new Word® document
Write About It with a landscape view and three columns.
■ In a few sentences, discuss what each picture
21. Narrative Writing Write a story about a
says about your part of the health triangle.
teen who needs to find valid information
■ Edit your brochure. Make sure that you
about allergies. In your story, show how the have used correct spelling, grammar and
teen determines what sources are reliable. punctuation. Also, make sure that your
brochure is colorful.
■ Save your project.

Standardized Test Practice

Reading 1. With which statement would the author

Read the passage and then answer the most likely agree?
questions.
A. A healthy diet is only a small part of
Most people know how to keep from getting disease prevention.
a cold or the flu. They stay away from people B. There are many things that people can
who are sick to reduce exposure to the cold or flu do to stay healthy.
virus. However, many diseases are not caused by C. Viruses cause the greatest number of
organisms. These are known as noncommunica- noncommunicable diseases.
ble diseases. Noncommunicable diseases include D. People should develop healthful habits
cancer and heart disease. What causes these only when they are at risk of disease.
diseases? Heredity, diet, physical fitness, tobacco,
2. What does exposure mean in this sentence?
and alcohol use are all possible factors.
They stay away from people who are sick to
reduce exposure to the cold or flu virus.
TEST-TAKING TIP A. cold
Scan the passage and then read the questions. Go B. risk of contact
back to the passage to look for information related C. relation
to the questions. D. communicable

Chapter 1 Assessment 33