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Gas Exchange in Humans
Question Paper 1
Level IGCSE
Subject Biology (0610/0970)
Exam Board Cambridge International Examinations (CIE)
Topic Gas Exchange in Humans
Sub-Topic
Booklet Question Paper 1
Time Allowed: 24 minutes
Score: /20
Percentage: /100
Grade Boundaries:
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
>85% 75% 68% 60% 53% 48% 40% 33% <25%
1
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1 What is the approximate percentage of oxygen in expired air?
A 0.04% B 4% C 16% D 21%
2 Compared with atmospheric air, air breathed out by a human contains
A less water vapour, less carbon dioxide.
B less water vapour, more carbon dioxide.
C more water vapour, less carbon dioxide.
D more water vapour, more carbon dioxide.
3 What is the path of carbon dioxide as it leaves the lungs?
A alveolus → bronchiole → bronchus → trachea
B alveolus → bronchus → bronchiole → trachea
C trachea → bronchiole → bronchus → alveolus
D trachea → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus
4 In some amphibians, gas exchange occurs through the whole skin surface.
What are the most likely characteristics of the skin surface?
surface area type of skin
A large thick
B large thin
C small thick
D small thin
2
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5 What describes the actions of the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm when we breathe out?
external internal
diaphragm
intercostal muscles intercostal muscles
A contract relax falls
B contract relax rises
C relax contract falls
D relax contract rises
6 What are the approximate percentages of oxygen and carbon dioxide in atmospheric air?
7 When the external intercostal muscles contract, how do the pressure and the volume inside the
lungs change?
3
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8 The table shows the approximate composition of air breathed out by a mammal.
Where does the nitrogen in the air breathed out come from?
A It is a product of proteins broken down in the mammal.
B It is a product of respiration.
C It is exchanged for oxygen which is taken into the blood.
D It is in the air that was breathed in.
9 What helps oxygen to be absorbed rapidly into the blood in the lungs?
A Air breathed in has less oxygen than air breathed out.
B Alveoli have thick walls and a large surface area.
C Alveoli have thin walls and a large surface area.
D The concentration of oxygen in the blood is higher than in the alveoli.
4
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10 The diagram illustrates changes in air pressure taking place inside the lungs during a complete
cycle of breathing. Atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa.
At which point on the diagram are the ribs beginning to be lowered?
B
102
pressure
in lungs 101
/ kPa
D
100
time
11 The diagram shows the composition of four samples of air (O2 = oxygen, CO2 = carbon dioxide,
N2 = nitrogen).
K L M N
100
80
composition 60
/% 40
20
0
O2 CO2 N2 O2 CO2 N2 O2 CO2 N2 O2 CO2 N2
Which sample is inspired air and which sample is expired air?
5
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12 The diagram shows some of the structures in a human lung.
Where is the carbon dioxide concentration highest?
from pulmonary artery
C
to pulmonary vein
6
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13 The table shows the composition of four samples of air.
Which sample is inspired air and which sample is expired air?
14 A girl holds her breath for 30 seconds, breathes out, and then breathes in.
Compared with the air she breathes out, the air she breathes in contains less
A carbon dioxide and water vapour.
B nitrogen and water vapour.
C oxygen and carbon dioxide.
D oxygen and nitrogen.
7
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15 What makes alveoli suitable as a gas exchange surface?
large total surface well-supplied with
area blood vessels
A
B
C
D
8
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16 The graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of a person at rest, over a period of 30
seconds.
2
volume
of air in
lungs 1
/ dm3
0
0 30
time / s
Which graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of the same person immediately
after they have done five minutes of vigorous exercise?
A B
2 2
volume volume
of air in of air in
lungs 1 lungs 1
/ dm3 / dm3
0 0
0 30 0 30
time / s time / s
C D
2 2
volume volume
of air in of air in
lungs 1 lungs 1
/ dm3 / dm3
0 0
0 30 0 30
time / s time / s
9
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17 A sample of expired air is collected in a gas jar. Another gas jar contains normal atmospheric air.
A lighted candle is placed inside each gas jar as shown. The time taken for each flame to go out
is measured. As the candles burn they use up the oxygen available in the jar.
lid
air
sample
candle
gas jar X gas jar Y
The table shows the results of this experiment.
time for candle flame
gas jar
to go out / s
X 15
Y 9
What is an explanation of the difference between the results in jars X and Y?
A Jar X contains atmospheric air which has more carbon dioxide.
B Jar X contains expired air which has more carbon dioxide.
C Jar Y contains atmospheric air which has less oxygen.
D Jar Y contains expired air which has less oxygen.
10
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18 The diagram shows a section through an alveolus and a capillary.
Why does carbon dioxide move from X to Y?
A Air has a lower concentration of carbon dioxide than blood.
B Carbon dioxide moves more freely in air than in blood.
C Carbon dioxide must replace oxygen.
D Diffusion of carbon dioxide can only be out of the blood.
11
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19 The diagram shows some structures in the human neck and thorax.
The lining of tube Q has cilia.
What is an important function of the cilia?
A to help in the exchange of gases
B to increase the internal surface area of tube Q
C to moisten the air entering and leaving the lungs
D to move mucus towards the throat
20 The diagram shows some ciliated cells from the trachea.
What is the function of the parts labelled X?
A detecting stimuli
B exchanging gases
C moving mucus
D trapping bacteria
12
