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Moving Charges Magnetism Derivations Class12

The document outlines key concepts in moving charges and magnetism for Class 12 Physics, including the Lorentz force law, magnetic forces on current-carrying conductors, and the motion of charged particles in magnetic fields. It also covers important laws such as Biot-Savart Law, Ampere’s Circuital Law, and the magnetic fields generated by various configurations like circular loops, solenoids, and toroids. Additionally, it discusses the force between parallel currents and the torque on current loops in magnetic fields.

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114 views3 pages

Moving Charges Magnetism Derivations Class12

The document outlines key concepts in moving charges and magnetism for Class 12 Physics, including the Lorentz force law, magnetic forces on current-carrying conductors, and the motion of charged particles in magnetic fields. It also covers important laws such as Biot-Savart Law, Ampere’s Circuital Law, and the magnetic fields generated by various configurations like circular loops, solenoids, and toroids. Additionally, it discusses the force between parallel currents and the torque on current loops in magnetic fields.

Uploaded by

spikyabuabu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Important Derivations – Class 12

Physics: Moving Charges and


Magnetism
1. Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge
When a charge q moves with velocity v in a magnetic field B, it experiences a magnetic force
given by the Lorentz force law:

F = q(v × B)

This is a vector cross product, so the direction of force is perpendicular to both v and B.

2. Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor


Consider a conductor of length L carrying current I in a magnetic field B. The force on a
small charge dq moving in the conductor:

F = dq(v × B)

For n charge carriers per unit volume, the total force becomes:

F = nALq(v × B) = I(L × B)

3. Motion of a Charged Particle in Uniform Magnetic Field


A charged particle of mass m and charge q moving with velocity v perpendicular to
magnetic field B experiences a centripetal force:

qvB = mv²/r → r = mv / qB

Time period T = 2πr / v = 2πm / qB


Frequency f = 1/T = qB / 2πm
4. Biot–Savart Law
The magnetic field dB due to a small current element Idl at a point located at vector r is
given by:

dB = (μ₀ / 4π) * (I dl × r̂) / r²

This law is the magnetic equivalent of Coulomb’s law.

5. Magnetic Field at the Center of a Circular Loop


Using Biot–Savart law for a circular loop of radius R and current I:

B = (μ₀ I) / (2R)

6. Magnetic Field on the Axis of a Circular Coil


At a distance x on the axis of a circular loop of radius R:

B = (μ₀ I R²) / [2(R² + x²)^{3/2}]

7. Ampere’s Circuital Law


μB · dl = ₀ I_enclosed

Used for calculating magnetic field in symmetric situations like solenoid and toroid.

8. Magnetic Field due to Long Straight Current-Carrying Wire


Using Ampere’s Law around a circular loop of radius r around the wire:

∮ B · dl = B(2πr) = μ₀I → B = μ₀I / 2πr

9. Magnetic Field inside a Long Solenoid


For n turns per unit length and current I:

B = μ₀ n I
Apply Ampere’s law inside the solenoid along a rectangular loop.

10. Magnetic Field inside a Toroid


A toroid has total N turns and carries current I. At radius r from the center:

B = (μ₀ N I) / (2π r)

11. Force Between Two Parallel Currents


Magnetic field due to first wire at second wire:

B₁ = μ₀ I₁ / 2πd

Force on length L of second wire: F = I₂ L B₁

F/L = μ₀ I₁ I₂ / 2πd

12. Torque on a Current Loop in Magnetic Field


A rectangular loop in magnetic field B experiences torque:

τ = N I A B sinθ = m × B, where m = N I A is magnetic dipole moment.

13. Magnetic Dipole Moment of a Current Loop


m=IA

Direction is given by right-hand thumb rule (normal to the loop surface).

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