BUSINESS STUDIES CLASS 11 NOTES
What is Oral Communication?
Ans: Oral communication is transfer of information from sender to receiver by means
of verbal and visual aid. Examples of oral communication include presentations,
speeches, discussions, etc.
Though the message is conveyed through words, most of the times oral
communication is effectively carried out with the help of non-verbal communication
like body language and tone modulations.
Advantages of Oral Communication
1. Clarity: Easily explain and clarify ideas.
2. Feedback: Receive immediate responses and reactions.
3. Emphasis: Use tone and body language to highlight important points.
4. Rapport Building: Develop trust and relationships through personal
interactions.
5. Quick Decisions: Make prompt choices during discussions.
6. Flexibility: Adapt communication to suit different situations.
7. Non-Verbal Cues: Convey emotions and intentions through gestures and
expressions.
8. Questioning: Ask questions for better understanding.
9. Real-time Updates: Share current information promptly.
10.Engagement: Keep the audience interested and attentive.
Disadvantages of oral communication
1. Lack of Record: No written record, making it hard to refer back.
2. Misunderstandings: Potential for misinterpretation due to unclear speech.
3. Limited Reach: Restricted to those present; not suitable for remote
communication.
4. No Proof: No tangible evidence of what was said in important discussions.
5. Lack of Privacy: Sensitive information can be overheard.
6. Time-Consuming: Lengthy discussions can be time-consuming.
7. Language Barriers: Language differences can lead to miscommunication.
Explain the barriers of communication.
1. Language Barriers: Differences in language or vocabulary can hinder
understanding between speakers of different languages.
2. Cultural Barriers: Varied cultural norms can lead to misunderstandings or
misinterpretations in cross-cultural interactions.
3. Physical Barriers: Noise, distance, or technical issues can disrupt effective
communication.
4. Psychological Barriers: Personal emotions or biases may affect communication
clarity and honesty.
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5. Semantic Barriers: Confusion can arise from different interpretations of words
or phrases.
6. Perceptual Barriers: Individuals' unique perspectives can lead to varied
understandings of the same message.
7. Organizational Barriers: Complex procedures or hierarchical structures may
slow communication within organizations.
8. Social Barriers: Power dynamics and personal relationships can influence the
willingness to share information.
9. Emotional Barriers: Strong emotions can lead to defensive or uncooperative
communication.
10.Listening Barriers: Poor listening skills, such as not paying attention, can
impede understanding.
Meaning and Definition of Human Resource Management (HRM):
Human Resource Management (HRM) refers to the strategic approach an
organization takes to manage its most valuable asset—its human resources or
employees. HRM involves the processes, policies, and practices aimed at recruiting,
developing, managing, and retaining employees to achieve the organization's goals
and objectives effectively and efficiently.
Characteristics of Human Resource Management:
1. People-Centric: HRM is focused on managing people as the primary resource.
It recognizes that employees contribute significantly to an organization's
success.
2. Strategic Alignment: It aligns HR practices with the organization's strategic
goals, ensuring that HR supports the broader mission.
3. Continuous Process: HRM is an ongoing process that covers the entire
employee lifecycle, from recruitment to retirement.
4. Customization: It tailors HR practices to meet the unique needs and culture of
the organization.
5. Employee Development: HRM emphasizes employee training, development,
and career growth to enhance skills and performance.
6. Compliance and Legal Framework: It adheres to labor laws, regulations, and
ethical standards to ensure fair and legal treatment of employees.
7. Employee Engagement: HRM fosters a positive work environment, encourages
employee involvement, and values employee feedback.
8. Performance Management: It involves setting expectations, measuring
performance, providing feedback, and rewarding achievements.
