1. Tell About Yourself?

Ans: This is Vamshi krishna, I have 4 + years of experience in WAS middleware Administration.

• I have experience in installing Application server by using GUI and silent mode and WAS 8.5 by
using IMCL commands.
• I have experience in creating profiles like Dmgr profile, Application server profile and custom
profile.
• Involved in federating application server profile and custom profile with the Dmgr profile.
• I have experience in deploying .WAR, .EAR files in standalone servers, vertical clusters and in
horizontal clustered environments.
• I have experience in supporting production environments, preproduction, QA/test environment
and developing environments.
• Involved in troubleshooting in various issues like server down, application down, port conflicts,
DB issues and synchronization issues by going through log files.
• I have experience in working with web servers like IHS and Apache.
• I have experience in installing IHS by using GUI and silent mode and configure with Plugins to
root the request through web server and Plugins.
• I have experience in configuring global security with LDAP.
• I have experience in generating thread and Heap dumps.
• I am in L2 support, I am resolving incident tickets and change activities.
• I have to resolve incident tickets based upon the severity, I have to implement change activities,
application updates in all the environments if it is required.
• I have experience in applying fix packs and refresh packs with the help of update installer by
using silent mode and GUI mode.
• I have experience in configuring JDBC providers and Data sources for both oracle & DB2.
• Involved in building a clustered environment from scratch for both vertical and horizontal
clusters to achieve high availability.
2. Explain your Daily Roles and Responsibilities?

Ans: We are using BMC Remedy ticketing tool.

• After hand over my shift, I will check any pending tickets and I will resolve as per our
SLA(service level agreement)
• Daily I will get 10 to 15 tickets, I need to work on that.
• Out of these I will get incident tickets like server down, application down, 404 and 500 errors.
• As per our SLA, for severity1 ticket I need to resolve within 1 hour.
• For severity2 ticket I need to resolve within 8 hours.
• For severity3 ticket I need to resolve within 2 business days.
• Along these sometimes I will get application updations, application deployment, applying fix
packs, configuration changes etc.,
• Sometimes I have to interact with the different teams like database team, LDAP team, supporting
and network operator team.
• Sometimes I need to interact with onsite supporting team and client for any change approvals.
• Mainly I am working on incident tickets in different environments
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• Here we have 3 shifts (i.e. 6:30 to 2:30, 2:30 to 10:30 and 10:30 to 6:30), at the end of the shift I
have to hand over my shift to respect shift employee and if any pending tickets I have to hand
over to that employee. If required I need to resolve.
3. When we will get 404 Error (page not found)?

Ans: If application is down.

• By accessing wrong context root or improper URL.

• If plugin-cfg.xml file is not available or got corrupted.
• If the requested context root is not available in plugin-cfg.xml file.
• After deploying an application, if we forgot to generate Plugin in file.
• Check access.log file, if necessary enable loglevel=trace in plugin-cfg.xml file and check the
logs.

Trobleshooting:

• When ever we will get 404 error ,first I will check with the client what is the url they are trying to
access the application, because if u r giving wrong url at the time also we will get 404 error.

• If the url is not specified in the ticket description, I will ask them to share that url.

• Now,I will try to access the application through web server , If I am also getting same error may
be issue is with the application. If the application is down at the time also we will get 404 error.

• Before checking application and application server I will check with the access.log file time
stamp and status code to confirm my request is receiving by the web server or not.

• Then I will try to access the application through application server by using http transport port, If
I am unable to access from application server, I will login to admin console and I will check the
status of the application , whether it is running or not.

• If application is down, I will start the application, once the application is up, I will try to access
the application through application server by using http transport port, once I am able to access
from application server, then I will try to access through the web server.

• In case if I am unable to access the application through once again webserver, may be issue is
with the plugins and plugin-cfg.xml file.

• I will go through the plugin-cfg.xml file and atlast I will enable tracing for the plugins, after
taking backup of plugin-cfg.xml file.

• Then I will make a request through webserver, now http-plugin.log file will get updated and we
can find detailed messages in the plug-in log files, so that we can understand where the request
is failing.

• In this way I will troubleshoot 404 error in my environment.

4. When we will get 500 Error (internal server error)?
Ans: If application server is down we will get 500 Error.
• At the time of executing application resources like servlets, JSP’s, the requested resources are not
available/not responding at that time we will get 500 Error.

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5. I am unable to access the application? How will you resolve?

Ans: There may be several reasons like 404, 500 and page not found.

• First I will check the access.log file, whether request is reaching to webserver or not.
• If the request is reaching to webserver, we will get an entry in access.log file with time stamp,
context root and status code.
• If the entry is not there in access.log file, then I will check the context root, what is the context
root he is trying to access. I will compare the context root.
• I will access the application through webserver. If I am able to access, there is a context root
mismatches. Then I will inform the same to respective team.
• If the context root is correct, then I will access the application directly from the application
server.
• If I am getting same problem, I will check the status of application & servers.
• If application and servers are not running, I will start and I will try to access the same.
• If still getting same problem, I will check the connectivity between webserver and application
server.
• I will go through the parameters in plugin-cfg.xml file, whether the request and context root are
there or not.
• I will enable the loglevel=trace in plugin-cfg.xml file and I will check where the request is
getting fail by looking http-plugin.log file.
• This is the way how I am troubleshooting this issue.
6. Server/cluster member is not starting? What may be the problem?

Ans: I will check the startServer.log and systemout.log file for error messages. Based on error
messages I will start troubleshooting.

• I will check is there any port conflicts (may be port conflict issues)
• I will check status of the node agent. If it is down, I will start.
• If any synchronization issues, I will do synchronization.
• May be files are corrupted.
• May be no sufficient memory.
• May be no space in logs.
• Check the servername, may be any spaces is there in server name.
• If necessary enable tracing and check the log files.

7. Application is not starting? What may be the problem? How will you troubleshoot?

Ans: I will check status of server, if it is not running, I will start.

• I will check the systemout.log of the application server, may be any jar files are missing, modules
are not deployed properly, any file not found exception.
• If any servlet or JSP exception, if it is in that case that issue are related to application team. Then
I will inform the same to application team.
• May be synchronization issue, then I will do synchronization once again.

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• If there is no sufficient memory to load application at that time also application will not be
started.
• But in most of the cases, if we do sync issues will be resolved.
8. If the WAS installation fails, how will you troubleshoot?

Ans: First I will check the log file log.txt and I will check any error messages in log.txt file.

• If any error messages are there, for example file permission issues, disk space, compatibility and
proper response file parameters.
• Based on log messages, I will start my troubleshooting.
• If the log messages are not available or log file itself is not created, there may be a chance that
command is not executed properly or there is insufficient space in /tmp directory or you may not
have file permissions to create logs in /tmp directory.
• I will cross verify response file parameters once again.
• I will check vpd.properties file for old entries are existed or not. If necessary I will take backup
and delete that entry.
• Then I will execute the WAS response file once again.
• If still I am unable to find what is that issue. There may be chance of setup file got corrupted. I
will copy the setup from the repository once again then I will try to install.
• This is the way how I will troubleshoot.
9. How will you troubleshoot if application deployment fails?

Ans: There may be several reasons. First I will check sufficient disk space is there or not to deploy
the application.

• If there is sufficient space, then I will check whether application name is already existed or not.
• If it is not exist, I will look into the systemout.log file of Dmgr.
• I will check the log messages, any files are corrupted, any file not found exceptions and any jar
files are missing.
• If any file not found exception, I will check which file it is, then I will extract .war or .ear file by
using tar –xvf filename.tar.tz
• If file is missing, I will inform to the application team.
• If there is no issue with .war or .ear files, may be wstemp directory contains application name.
• May be an entry in the serverindex.xml file.
• If still I am getting an issue, I will do synchronization and I will try to deploy application once
again.
• If I found any application directory structure under profiles/Dmgr01/cells directory, I will try to
delete and once again I will deploy an application.
• If still I am getting same problem, then I will take application from repository and try to deploy
• This is the way how I am going to troubleshoot the issue.

10. If I give fresh UNIX box, how will you install?

Ans: First I will check the pre-requisites.

• Disk Space 2 GB.

• RAM 1 GB

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 • Free space in /tmp directory 1GB
• Compatibility
• File permissions
• If everything is fine with prerequisites, then I will copy the WAS setup from repository.
• I will take backup of response file, modify the parameters and execute the below command.
• Go to software location WAS directory i.e. WAS>./install –options <modified response file
path> -silent
• After installation is completed we will get INSTCONFSUCCESS message in WAS-
Root/logs/install directory.
11. When will you get 500 Error? How will you resolve it?

Ans: If the application server is down, then we will get 500 error.

• At the time of executing servlets or JSP’s, if requested resources are not available or not
responded then we will get 500 Error.
• If default host port numbers are not registered with virtual host → host aliases then also we will
get 500 Error.

Resolving Procedure:

• I will start the server if it is down.

• I will do synchronization if required.
• I will check the systemout.log and systemErr.log for error messages. Based on error messages I
will start my troubleshooting.
• If default host port number is not registered with virtual host, host aliases then I will add port
numbers.
• I will enable loglevel=trace in Plugin-cfg.xml file.
• At last I will restart server & application, if did not get any error messages.
• This is the way how I will troubleshoot this issue.

12. If the installation is failed, then how will you troubleshoot it?

Ans: First I will check log.txt file for error messages, then I will start troubleshooting.

• I will check the pre requisites like compatibility, Disk Space, RAM Size, Free space in temp
directory(i.e. /tmp) and File permissions.
• Then I will check the modified response file parameter, whether I have modified parameters
correctly or not. i.e. ./install -options <modified response file path> -silent
• I will check vpd.properties file for any old entries. If required I will take backup and delete it.
• If still I am getting problem, there may be a chance setup file got corrupted. Then I will
copy new setup from repository and I will try to install once again.
• This is the way how I am troubleshooting this issue.

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13. If log.txt is not created at the time of installation. What may be the problem & how will you
resolve this issue?

Ans: There may be chance of License Acceptance is false.

• There may be no sufficient space in /tmp directory

• There may be command not executed properly.
• There may be no sufficient in disk space
• There may be no sufficient RAM size.
• There may be no proper file permissions.
• There may be a compatible issue.

Resolve Process:

• Checking the pre-requisites

• Have a glance once again on modified parameters in response file.
• Once again go through & execute the installation command. i.e. ./install –options
<modified response file path > -silent
14. If database test connection is fail, how will you resolve the issue?

Ans: I will check the synchronization by executing syncnode.sh hostname of Dmgr soap
connector address of Dmgr command under WAS-Root/profiles/Appserver01/bin directory.

Example: syncnode.sh 192.168.1.111 8879

• I will check jar files configuration. Expand environments in admin console→ select
websphere variables and I will check the path of the jar files.
• I will check whether node agent is started or not. If not started, I will start node agent by
using startNode.sh command.
• I will check the login credentials. Click on J2EE authentication under data sources in admin
console, check the database login credentials.
• I will check whether database is up and running. If not I will up the database.
• Check the data source details are provided properly or not. If not I will provide valid data
source details.
• Check whether connection is there between application server and database. If not I will
make a connection.
15. Why we will get stale connection exception and how to resolve that?

Ans: Stale connection exception usually happens, when websphere was disconnected from the
database. It can be caused by database restart or by network issue.

• 99% of stale connections exceptions are caused by broken firewalls that have TCP timeouts.

Resolve: Fix your firewall products timeout setting for the used network route.

• Set the reap time, unused, aged timeouts at the pool settings to destroy unused connections
after certain time.
• Set the purge policy to entire pool.
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16. What are different purge policies? Explain about each policy?

Ans: Purge is nothing but delete, if any connection/thread was failed, simply its deleted that failed
connection.

Purge is having two policies.

1. Entire connection or entire pool, 2. Failed connection or failing connection

• Purge policy specifies how to do purge connections, when a stale connection or fatal
connection errors are detected.
• By default it is entire pool. If we choose entire pool, all physical connections in the tool are
destroyed, when a stale connection is detected.
• If we choose failing connection, it attempts to destroy only stale connection. The other
connection remains in the pool.
• By using purge policy we can resolve stale connection exception.
17. How to deploy an application by using admin console?
Ans: Login in to admin console → Expand applications → select enterprise applications and select
install.

• Browse the location of .war file or .ear file (if it is .war file we have to provide context root)
• Provide the application parameters like application name, installation location, whether it
contains any web services or ejb’s.
• Specify the target under which server/under which cluster, the application has to be deployed.
• Map the resources like data sources and EJB’s with JNDI.
• Specify the virtual host name (By default it will take virtual host name as default_host)
• Save the changes and start your application.
• Note: if you don’t specify the directory to install the application it will be installed by default
in <profile-home>/installedapps.

18. How can you access an application?

Ans: Identify the context root of that application. It will be available in application.xml file.

Path: <profile-home/installedapps/cellname/applicationname.ear/META-INF/application.xml

• Identify the target under which server/cluster that application has been deployed.
• For this Login into admin console → Expand applications → select websphere enterprise
application →select your application → click on target mapping → here we can find the
server details.
• Find the virtual host name for that application. For that select your application → select map
virtual hosts for web module → here we can find virtual host name. By default It will be
default_host
• Find the port number for that host. For finding this, select application → select target
mapping → select your server → expand ports. Here check the wc_default host port number.
• Make sure that the port number has been registered with virtual host, host aliases. For
checking this, Expand Environments → virtual hosts → select default host → select host
aliases → here we can find the default host port numbers.

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 • If it is not there, we have to add the same.
• How to add Port Number: select new environments → virtual hosts → default hosts →
host aliases → give port number. Ex:9081 and save changes.
• Note: You can access the application by using context root only not your application name.
sometime context root and application name will be same.
19. How to configure LDAP? What is the use of LDAP?

Ans: Log in into admin console → expand security → select global security → select security
configuration wizard.

• Select standalone LDAP registry and provide LDAP server details like username, type of
directory server, host name of directory server, port number of directory server, base disting,
bind disting machine name and bind password.
• Confirm the password under LTPA authentication machine, save changes and restart your
DMGR server.

20. Explain about your request flow (or) Explain about WAS Architecture?

Application Server
Browser DNS Load IHS
Plugins Web EJB
(End Balancer Web
container container
User) Server

JNDI

DB

• Whenever user makes a request, initially request will go to DNS (Domain Name Space).
DNS forwards that request to load balance. Load balancer forwards that request to web
server. We are using IHS as a webserver.
• At the time of webserver startup, it loads http.conf file into the server, it contains path of the
plugin-cfg.xml file.
• Plugin-cfg.xml file contains complete information about application server environment.
• Application server contains mainly two containers 1.Web container, 2.EJB container.
• Web container is responsible to execute web resources like servlets, JSB’S, HTML etc.,
• EJB container is responsible to execute web resources like servlets, JSB’S, HTML, session
beans, entity beans and message driven beans etc.,
• If request is looking for web resources like servlets, JSB’S, web container it self generates the
response.
• If request is looking for EJB resources like session beans, entity beans and message driven
beans, that request will be forwarded to EJB container through JNDI and RMI or IIOP
protocol by web container.

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 • If the request requires any database interaction, that request will be forwarded to connection
pool through JNDI. Based on the connection pool properties it attains a connection objects.
Once the transaction has completed, that connection object will be back to the pool.
• Finally response will be forwarded from web container to web server and webserver will
forward that response to end user.
21. How will you tune the application server performance (or) How will you resolve
performance issue?

Ans: I will check the CPU utilization, disk usage, memory from the OS level. If everything is
fine from the OS level then I will check the load by using JMeter tool or HP site scope.

• I will check PMI with extended options, then I will check the resources usage like connection
pool usage, thread pool usage, heap usage.
• For example if I notice that, there is more waiting thread count, that indicates there is lack of
connection pool objects.
• We have documentation, up to what extent we can increase, if there is scope I will increase
the connection pool size. After getting the approval from on site supporting team.
• Then I will check the heap memory, what is current heap size, available heap size, sufficient
free space is there or not
• If there is no sufficient free space, based upon the document if there is scope, I will make a
request to onsite supporting team. If I get approval I will increase the heap memory.
• I will check is there any hungs(memory leaks) in the JVM, that also will cause the
performance issue.
• May be inside the application issues, inside the code, I don’t have a scope. This is what I am
doing regarding performance issue.
22. I have deployed/updated an application, but still accessing old application. How will you
resolve that issue?
Ans: Backup wstemp configure files.
wstemp:- It is used as temporary directory during application installation and uninstallation
activity.
After deploying your application still accessing your old application delete the cashe in wstemp
and read once again. We will access newly updated application.
23. Explain about your project or Environment?
Ans: I am supporting for Banking client. Front end we are using BIGIP (or) VKP (or) CISCO
routers as a load balancer.

• We are using IHS as a webserver. We have four web servers.

• The middleware we have 40 JVM, all these 40 JVM’s are under 4 nodes. These nodes are
federated to the Dmgr.
• We have 4 boxes and we have more than 40 applications.
• The backend we are using oracle and Tivoli directory server for LDAP.
• I am in L2 support. I am supporting for production and UID and test environment.
• If there are any issues in these environments in my shift, I am responsible for that and I have
to resolve the tickets.

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 Architecture: - Horizontal Cluster
Node1 Oracle

Primary HTTP-1 Plugin1

Load
Balancer Node2

HTTP-1 Plugin1
LDAP User
Registry
Node3
HTTP-1 Plugin1
Primary Deployment
Load manager
Balancer HTTP-1 Plugin1 Node4 (DMGR)

24. What is JMS (JAVA Message Service)? How to do configuration?

Ans: JMS is an API from sun Micro systems that supports the formal communication know as
messaging between computers in a network. JMS provides a common interface to standard
messaging protocol and also to special messaging services in support of java programs.

The use of JMS for anyone developing java applications which can be run from an major OS
platform.

Configuration:- Login into admin console → Expand service integration → click on Buses →
select new and give valid name (Ex:websphere) → next → finish → save changes.

Click on Bus which you have added → click on Bus members → click on Add →next →next
→next→finish →save changes.

Go to resources →JMS→Queue connection factory →select scope →new → select default

messaging provider→ give name, JNDI name, select your newly created bus name→ ok and save
changes.

Go to Queues in JMS → select scope → new →Default messaging provider → give name, JNDI
name, select Bus name as create service integration bus definition → give Identifier → next → next
→ finish.

Click on Queues → select Queue name which you have create recently and save.

Deploy JMS application and Access the application.

25. What is SSL? How to configure SSL for webserver?

Ans: SSL will provide secure communication to clients and servers. We can configure SSL in two
ways. One is self signed certificate and second is signer/multiple certificate.

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Steps to configure SSL for Webserver:-

• Create a KDB(key database) file by using ikeyman utilities. (i.e. under WAS-
Root/bin>./ikeyman.sh)
• Go to create →new certificate request in the wizard.
• Create a CSR (Certificate signing request).
• Send the created CSR to certificate authorities.
• Once you receive the certificate, import the certificate by using ikeyman utility and configure
the parameters in httpd.conf file [ load module, mod_ibm_ssl.so, listen 443, key file location,
certification file path]
• Configure these parameters under httpd.conf file’s <virtual host> session and restart your
webserver (IHS).
Load Module ibm_SSL_Module modules/mod_ibm_SSL.SO
Listen 443
<virtual host *.443>
Document Root “htdocs /en_us”
SSL Enable
Keyfile “SSL/iho keyfile.kdb”
SSL serverCert sny/IHScerficate
SSL stash file “ssl/ihokeyfile.sth”
SSLV2 timeout 100
SSLV3 timeout 1000
</virtual host>
26. What is incident management?

Ans: A sudden occurrence in the environment is called an incident. For example servers down,
application down, 404 error, 500 errors, out of memory errors etc., If we deal the above kinds of
tickets called incident management.

27. What is Change Management?

Ans: A scheduled activity like update application, uninstall application, applying fix pack, stop
and start server etc., If you are dealing with scheduled activities called change management.

28. What is Problem Management?

Ans: A same incident that occurs repeatedly again and again, that incident itself becomes a
problem. If you are dealing this type of tickets called problem management.

29. Which PID file will get generated at the time of start server?

Ans: servername.pid file will get generated under <profile-home>/logs/servername/.directory.

At the time of stop the server servername.PID file will be deleted. If you use kill -9 or kill -15
commands, that servername.PID file will not be deleted. Now if you try to start the server, Here
server won’t started.

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30. Explain about your process (or) Explain about your SLA (or) Explain how will you get a
ticket? Who will raise the ticket?

Ans: SLA--- Service Level Agreement

In my environment we have separate monitoring team, they will raise the ticket by using BMC
Remedy tool.

• Whenever they will raise the ticket, they will specify the security of the ticket and I will
get a test to my mail & mobile.
• Based upon the severity, I have to respond and resolve it.
• We have SLA that, for serv1 ticket I have to respond immediately and resolve it within
one hour.
• For serv2 ticket I have to resolve it within 8 hours
• For serv3 ticket I have to resolve within 2 business days.
• Once after resolving ticket, I will send a mail that everything has been resolved to ticket
raised person and entire team.
• After getting signoff mail from client, I will close the ticket.
• Suppose if I am unable to resolve the ticket with in the SLA period, we have an escalation
procedure that immediately we have to interact with onsite supporting team and I have to
explain what is the issue , what are the errors still we are getting, why it has not been
resolved. I will ask them to join in call, sometimes client also will join in the call, I will
explain the problem, I will take help from onsite supporting team. Issue will be resolved.
• Suppose there are some issues both onsite & offsite support team cannot resolve the issue
then we will raise PMR (Problem Management Record) with IBM. This is our process
(or) SLA.
• In general, we won’t escalate the ticket.
31. Tell about ITL Process?

Ans: We are not following ITL process. We have our own SLA. Based on over SLA we are
doing our process.

32. How will you raise PMR with IBM?

Ans: we have a PMR template, in that PMR template we have to specify customer number, ticket
description, team information , company authorization name, an which product, as we get an
issue, ticket description, severity of the ticket and send it to the IBM team.

• We will send the PMR template by IBM by using service request tool in IBM site.
• Then IBM support team will respond and guide you.
33. Difference between 6.0 & 6.1 & 7.0 version?

Ans:

6.0 version 6.1 version 7.0 version

• In 6.0 we can create Dmgr, App • In 6.1 we can create 4 • We can create 7
server, custom profiles. profiles called Dmgr, profiles called dmgr,

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• In 6.0 we have 3 profile App server, custom app server, custom,
templates called dmgr, default and cell cell, job manager,
and managed • We have 4 profile admin agent and
• 6.0 version supports JDK 1.4 templates called dmgr, secure proxy
• We can configure global cell, default and • We have 6 profile
security in 3 ways. i.e. local OS, managed templates called dmgr,
Custom repository, LDAP • Supports JDK1.5 default, managed, cell,
• In 6.0 we have profile creation • We can configure management, secure
wizard global security in 4 proxy
• In 6.0 wasprofile.sh is available ways. Local OS, • It supports JDK1.6
• No CIM is available for creating LDAP, custom • We can configure
repository repository and global security in 4
• No secure domains Federated repository ways same as in 6.1
• It supports ojdbc14.jar file. • Profilemanagement version.
• Adminconsole.ear application is tool is available. • Profilemanagement
available in 6.0 version under • Manageprofiles.sh is tool is available.
WAS-Root/systemapps available. • Manageprofiles.sh is
directory • No CIM is available available
• In 6.0 , at the time of profile • No secure Domains • CIM is available
creation • It supports ojdbc14.jar • Secure domains
wasprofile_create_<profilename file. available where we
>.log will be created. • isclite.ear application can configure security
• In 6.0 admin console roles are is available under was- under different scopes
administrator, configurator, root/systemapps like node, cell, server
operator and monitor • profilename_create.log lever.
file will be created at • Ojdbc6.jar supports by
the time of profile 7.0 version
creation • isclite.ear application
• We have 7 admin is available under was-
console roles. i.e. root/systemapps
administrator, • profilename_create.log
operator, monitor, file will be created at
auditor, iscadmins, the time of profile
admin security creation
manager and • We have 8 admin
configurator console roles. i.e.
administrator,
operator, monitor,
auditor, iscadmins,
admin security
manager, deployer and
configurator

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34. What is the difference between Base & Bind distinguished name?

Ans: Base distinguished name is used for authentication

• Bind distinguished name is used for Authorization.

• These are used in LDAP Security.
35. What is the use of Ripple Start?

Ans: Ripple start is used to stop and then start all services one by one in the cluster at a time. But
there is no server down time during this Ripple Start. (i.e., there is no impact on end users)

36. What is ROLLOUT update?

Ans: Rollout update feature works at the node level. Thus, all the cluster members on a node are
stop, update the application save the configuration, It will do synchronization and then start all
cluster members. After that it will go to the next node.

37. What is Thread? How will you create thread dump? What is the use of creating thread
dump?

Ans: Thread:- whenever user makes a request, that request reaches to Appserver, for each and
every request one thread will be created by the JVM and that thread is assigned for the request.

Now thread will execute the requested resources. (i.e., it may be servlets, JSP or ejb’s)

Thread Dumps:- If you want to know the status of the threads (i.e. running state, waiting state,
blocked state or dead lock state) at that time you are going to generate a thread dump by using a
command kill -3 <PID>.

• It will generate a thread dump with a file name javacore.<time stamp>.pid.<dump number>.txt
• The file will be generated under <profile-home> directory. The above file contains
information about the threads.
• Thread dumps don’t create threads, but thread dumps is having information about the threads.
We can see the state of the threads.
• We can open the file by using a tool called thread analyzer. Then we can find status of thread,
why thread in dead lock state, why it is in blocked state, why it is not responding, whether it is
related to any application issues or resources issues , it may be connection object or thread
pool or heap size we can find out.
• Whenever there is a hung in the JVM, we can find a message, thread monitor, thread_id in
systemout.log file.

Alternative command for generating thread dump:-

• Go to Dmgr/bin> ./wsadmin.sh
• Wsadmin> set jvm [$AdminControl CompleteObjectName type=JVM,process=server1,*]
• Wsadmin>$AdminControl invoke $jvm dumpThreads
• Thread dumps are most useful in debugging hung threads.

14
38. How will you create Heap dump? What is the use of creating heap dump?

Ans: Heap Dumps:- It contains the information about java objects or heap objects. Heap dumps
are most useful in debugging memory leaks. We can find size of the objects, references for the
object, relation between the objects etc., with the help of heap analyzer.

• We can generate a heap dump by using a command kill -3 <PID>. If

IBM_HEAPDUMP=true, IBM_HEAPDUMP=true parameters are configured under
server→java &process management→process definition→environment entries directory.
• It will generate a heap dump with a file name heapdump.<time stamp>.pid.<dump
number>.phd
• The file will be generated under <profile-home> directory. The above file contains
information about the heap objects or java objects.
• We can open the file by using a tool called heap analyzer..

Alternative command for generating thread dump:-

• Go to Dmgr/bin> ./wsadmin.sh
• Wsadmin> set jvm [$AdminControl CompleteObjectName type=JVM,process=server1,*]
• Wsadmin>$AdminControl invoke $jvm generateHeapDump
• Thread dumps are most useful in debugging memory leaks.
39. When we will get out of memory error? How will you resolve it?

Ans: If the heap memory if full, we will get out of memory error. May be due to more memory
leaks or not assigned memory properly to heap. The cause of out of memory is, if there is no
sufficient heap space to create objects in the heap memory. At that time it will through an error
called out of memory.

How to resolve Out of memory:-

• First I will generate thread dumps and heap dumps by using command $ AdminControl invoke
$jvm dumpThreads, $AdminControl invoke $jvm generateHeapDump
• I will generate 3 heap dumps and 3 thread dumps within 10 secs.
• I will make a request for onsite support team, after getting an approval I will restart my server.
Issue will be resolved.
• If I am getting out of memory error continuously, I will open the heap dump by using heap
analyzer, there is an option called leak suspect, if I click on that, It will show the list of leak
object.
• They will tune up the code, get a new build into the environment, I will deploy the application.
Issue will be resolved
• Suppose if there are no memory leaks, I will check the documentation, is there any scope to
increase the heap size. If there is a scope I will make a request to onsite supporting team.
• After getting approval from onsite supporting team, I will increase the heap size issue will be
resolved.

15
 40. What is PMI? What is the use of PMI? How to enable PMI?
• Ans: PMI stands for performance monitoring infrastructure. PMI collects performance or
runtime data from a runtime application server or JVM.
• The collected data will be given to PMI clients like Tivoli performance viewer (TPV) and
Performance advisers (PA).
• With the help of TPV tool we can see graphs and charts. So that we can analyze the problem.
• PA gives an advice for the resources to tune the application server performance.
• Request Metrics:- We can see the amount of time spent for executing the whole request and
also the time spent in executing the request in WAS supported components like webserver
Plugins, web container, ejb container, and connection pool.
• We can see the time spent in each of the supported components in milli seconds in
systemout.log file and http-plugin.log file.

How to enable PMI:-

• Go to admin console → expand monitoring and tuning → click on PMI → select your server
(server1) → select extended options → ok → save changes. Here server.xml file will get
updated.
• Expand performance viewer in admin console → click on current activity → select check box
of which server you want to monitor (ex: server1) → click on start monitoring.
• Click on server link which you have started monitoring → click on view modules → expand
performance modules → select JDBC connection pool check box → click on view modules.
• Here if we get more waiting thread count then there is a performance issue.
• Note: If you enable TPV, an xml file will be created under profile-home/logs/TPV directory.
Here we need to extract that file and need to send the xml file to onsite supporting team.
41. What is the use of collector.sh tool?

Ans: It gathers the errors information about WAS installation packages set in a jar file. The jar
file will send to IBM technical team. It will be available under WAS-Root/bin directory.

42. How many containers we have in WAS?

Ans: 4 containers we have in WAS.

• Web container
• EJB container
• Port container
• SOAP container
In application server profile we have only 2 containers.
• Web container
• EJB container

43. Which xml file will get updated while adding admin roles of the users?
Ans: adminauthz.xml file will get updated
44. What is the default password for KDB(key database)?
Ans: WebAs

16
45. Explain about native/process logs?
Native-stdout.logs, native-stdErr.logs are called as native/process logs
These logs are available for each &every server under <profile-home/logs/servername directory.
Native-stdout.log file contains .dll,.exe,.iso information
Native-stderr.log file contains garbage collector information
This log will get updated when ever enable()varbase garbage collection.
→We can enable varbase GC in admin console→servers→server(i.e.your server)→java&process
management→process definition
→Java virtual machine(jvm)→() verbose garbage collection
46. Explain about trace logs?
Trace .log file contains detailed information about a particular activity.
→This log file will be helpful to pinpoint a failure.
→This log file is available under <profile-home>/logs/<server-name>
47. Explain about service/activity logs?
→There is only one activity .log file for entire profile. It is available under <profile-home>/logs
directory.
→It contains all servers information where we can analise by using a tool called log analyzer.
→We cannot read activity.log file with a normal text reader.
→Log analyzer compares the servers log error messages with a symptom database for the known
problems.
48. Explain about command line logs?
There is 5 types of command line logs.
1.add node.log
2.sync node.log
3.servers tatos.log
4.stopserver.log
5.startserver.log

Add node.log:-It contains federation messages.

• It will get updated at the time of federating a node.
• It is available under <profile home>/logs directory except in dinger.
Syncnode.log:-It will get updated at the time of synchronization whenever we execute
syncnod.sh command.
• It contains synchronization related messages, whether it is properly synchronized or not
or any error messages while synchronization.
• This log will be available under <profile-home>/logs directory.
ServerStatus.log :-

• It will get updated whenever we execute serverStatus.sh command.

• It contains the server status, what are the servers/ clusters members are started or
stopped.
• This log will be available under <profile-home>/logs directory.
• There will be only one serverStatus.log file for entire profile.

17
 StartServer.log :-

• It will get updated at the time of starting your server and it is available under <profile-
home>/logs/servername.

StopServer.log :-

• It will get updated whenever we execute StopServer.sh command.

• It contains server stopping related messages.
• This log is available under <profile-home>/logs/servername.
49. Explain about webserver logs?

3 types of webserver logs.

1. Access.log
2. Error.log
3. Admin-error.log

Access.log :-

• It contains request information like IP address, time stamp, status code, get/post message,
number of requested bytes etc.,
• It will get updated whenever a request is reached to webserver.
• It is available under <HIS-home>/logs directory.
Error.log :-

• It contains error messages while starting/stopping HIS or any errors with HIS, that
messages will get updated in Error.log file.
• It is available under HIS-home/logs directory.
Admin-error.log :-

• It will get updated whenever there are any errors with HIS admin service.
• This is available under HIS-home/logs directory.
50. Explain about http-plugin.logs ?
• It is available under plugin-home/logs directory.
• It enable tracing for Plugins, we can trace how the request is mapping to a server, where
the request is getting failed and additional plugin routing information.
51. Plugin will take negative values or not?
If the particular server is enabled with session affinity, that server will also take load balance
wait negative values. Usually load balance wait will be 0-100. Usually on round robin algorithm
plugin-cfg.xml file will assign the task to the servers depending on load balance wait.
52. What is SSL Handshake?
• An exchange of messages called as SSL Handshake.
• The handshake allows the server to authenticate itself to the client by using public key
techniques.
• The handshake allows the client and the server to cooperate in the creation of symmetric
keys.
• It also allows the client to authenticate itself to the server.

18
53. How to stop the global security?

Ans: Go to Dmgr/bin>./wsadmin.sh or ./wsadmin.sh –connType NONE

./wsadmin>securityoff

Then restart your server and access the admin console.

54. What is Global security? How many ways we can enable global security?

Ans: We can secure the admin console and middleware environment by using global security.

Only authorized and authenticated users can login into admin console to do admin activities. We
can enable global security in 4 ways.

• Custom Repository
• LDAP(Light weight directory access protocol) user registry
• Local OS registry
• Federated repository
55. TPV parameters for JDBC connection?

Ans: CreateCount, CloseCount, AllocateCount, ReturnCount, PoolSize, FreePoolSize,

WaitingThreadCount etc.,

56. What is difference between L1, L2 and L3 support team?

Ans: L1 support team may not have access production server/environment. L1 support team may
have stop and start the server.
L2 support team may have access production server/environment.
L3 support team may involve in client interaction, capacity planning, building the new
environment, preparing documentation, interacting with application team, analyzing the dump in
detail.
57. How will you conform that request is reaches to web server?
Ans: Access.log file will get updated with time stamp, status code(200).otherwise it will be
empty. The path of access.log file is c-\IHS\logs.
58. What is the importance of plugin-cfg.xml file?

Ans: The xml file contains default port numbers, applications server host names, context root,
cluster information and load balancing information. This file contains all the information about
application server.
59. What is the default location and port number of web server?
Ans: Web server default installation location is /opt/IBM/Webserver.
Default HTTP port number/Web server port number =80
Default HTTP admin port number/web server admin port number=8008
Default HTTP secure port number/web server secure port number=443

19
60. What are different types of JDBC drivers?
Ans: 4 types of JDBC drivers

• JDBC-ODBC bridge
• Native API connection driver
• Network connection driver
• Database protocol driver
61. What can we do, if I don’t want to start applications when ever server started?

Ans: Login into admin console → expand applications→ click on applications → go to target
mapping specific application status → select your server → click on disabled auto start button.

62. Which log file will get updated at the time of application deployment?

Ans: SystemOut.log file of Dmgr will get updated. It will be available under WAS-
Root/profiles/Dmgr/logs/servername

63. What is default application deployment location?

Ans: WAS-Root/profiles/profilename/installedapps/cellname is the default application

deployment location.

64. Where you will find context-root of an application?

Ans: We can find context-root in application.xml file. It will be available under WAS-
Root/profiles/profilename/installedapps/cellname/applicationname/META-INF/application.xml

65. What is context root?

Ans: It is a unique name which is used to invoke your applications.

66. In which file we can check, what are all the applications that are deployed under a
particular node?

Ans: Serverindex.xml file

67. Which xml file will get updated at the time of application deployment or uninstall
application?

Ans: Serverindex.xml file

68. What is JNDI?

Ans: JNDI stands for Java naming & directory interface. JNDI is an API(Application program
interface). JNDI contains data source name, mappings. As per the end users request web.xml will
connect to JNDI for checking data source name, if it matches JNDI will call the connection pool for
connection object Web container will made a transaction with DB once the connection object is
available.

20
69. If you have same context root for 2 applications, what will happened?

Ans: If we have same context root for two applications, we can install the 2 applications. But, we
can’t access application. Because, Plugins does not find out the context root belongs to which
application.

70. Can you tell your hostnames?

Ans: Pr_SB_SA_Host1

Pr_SB_SA_Host2

Pr_SB_SA_Host3

Pr_SB_SA_Host4. (Note: Here you have to give your project name short form. As my project is
standard bank of South Africa, I have given SB_SA)

71. May I know your server names?

Ans: Pr_StandardBank_loans_server1

Pr_StandardBank_cards_server1

Pr_StandardBank_accountinfo_server1

Pr_StandardBank_Branchinfo_server1

72. May I know your application names?

Ans: standardbankcreditcards.ear

standardbankbranchinfo.ear

standardbankdebitcards.ear

standardbankbusinesscards.ear

73. What is the URL for your application?

Ans:169.154.89.152/UB/SA/standardbankcreditcards.ear (or) example: Production/projects/UB/SA/

standardbankcreditcards.ear
169.154.89.152/UB/SA/standardbankdebitcards.ear
169.154.89.152/UB/SA/standardbankdebitcards.ear
169.154.89.152/UB/SA/standardbankbusinesscards.ear
74. What is custom profile? Why you are choosing custom profile?

Ans: Custom profile contains only one empty node. If this is not federated with dmgr it is useless.
• By using custom profile we can change the server names as per our environment (i.e. easy
customization)
• We can avoid complexity

21
75. What is an Application server?

Ans: It provides the runtime environment for the applications. It takes the responsibility to receive
the request from the end users and identify the requested resource to execute a resource and to
generate response to the end users.

76. What is the difference between Webserver and Application Server?

Web Server Application Server

• It can serve static resources like html, image
• It can serve both static and dynamic resources
files etc., like html, image, Servlet, JSP etc.,
• Here we don’t have any containers like web • Here we have 2 containers like web and EJB
container and EJB container. containers.
• Here we cannot deploy both web and enterprise
• Here we can deploy both web and enterprise
applications. applications.
• Here we can configure forward, reverse proxy• Here we don’t have configuration files like
and URL redirections. forward, reverse proxy and URL redirections.
• We can start the webserver by using • We can start the Application server by using
./apachectl start command. ./startServer < servername> command
• Example: ./startServer server1
77. What is the difference between IHS and Apache Web Server?

IBM IHS WebServer Apache WebServer

• IHS Webserver can manage application • Apache cannot managed without node agent
without node agent. (i.e. it is unmanaged (i.e. it is managed server)
server) • Apache can do only one service called Apache
• IHS can do 2 services like HTTP service and HTTP service.
HTTP admin console service. • Apache don’t have FRCA.
• IHS have FRCA(Fast Response Cache • Apache server can be used for other
Accelerator). So that it improves HTTP server middleware products like weblogic and Jboss
performance when serving static content. etc.,
• IHS server supports Websphere Admin • Apache server is developed by Apache
Console. Software Foundation.
• IHS webserver is developed by IBM. • Apache server is open source.
• IHS is licensed server.
• IHS is build up with Apache webserver.

78. What are the pre-requisites to install WAS on Linux Environment?

• 2GB Disk Space
• 1GB RAM
• 1GB in temp directory (i.e. /tmp)
• File Permissions
• Compatibility
79. What is the recommended free space necessary in (i.e. /tmp) temp directory at the time of
WAS installation?
Ans: 1 GB

22
80. What is the difference between Web Application and Enterprise Application?

Web Application Enterprise Application

• It is a collection of web resources like html • It is a collection of web resources like html
files, servlets, JSP’s, XML files, properties, files, servlets, JSP’s, XML files, properties,
JAVA scripts etc., and build together as .war JAVA scripts, and EJB components like
file. session beans, entity beans, message driven
• It won’t contain an EJB components/container. beans etc., and build together as .war file.
• To execute web application or a .war file we • It contains Web and EJB
require a web container which is available in components/containers.
Apache Tomcat, IBM websphere, Oracle • To execute Enterprise application or a .ear file
Weblogic and Red hat Jboss. we require both web and EJB container which
• Example: normal websites like www.ngit.in, is available in IBM websphere, Oracle
www.andhranaadi.com etc., Weblogic and Red hat Jboss.
• We cannot execute .ear files in apache tomcat
server. It won’t have any EJB components.
• Example: Banking sites like
www.icicibank.com

81. What is the difference between Web Container and EJB Container?

Web Container EJB Container

• To execute web application or a .war file we • To execute Enterprise application or a .ear file
require a web container which is available in we require both web and EJB container which
Apache Tomcat, IBM websphere, Oracle is available in IBM websphere, Oracle
Weblogic and Red hat Jboss. Weblogic and Red hat Jboss.
• It is a collection of web resources like html • It is a collection of web resources like html
files, servlets, JSP’s, XML files, properties, files, servlets, JSP’s, XML files, properties,
JAVA scripts etc., and build together as .war JAVA scripts, and EJB components like
file. session beans, entity beans, message driven
• It won’t contain an EJB components/container. beans etc., and build together as .war file.
• Example: normal websites like www.ngit.in, • It contains Web and EJB
www.andhranaadi.com etc., components/containers.
• We cannot execute .ear files in apache tomcat
server. It won’t have any EJB components.
• Example: Banking sites like
www.icicibank.com

82. What is the use of bootstrap port number?

Ans: To use EJB’s, JNDI uses bootstrap port number to obtain initial context root.

Default bootstrap port number is 2809

23
83. What is the difference between Type2 and Type4 drivers?

Type2 drivers Type4 drivers

• Type2 driver cannot communicate directly to • Type4 drivers are entirely written in java
database. Type2 drivers required native API to language.
communicate with database. • Type4 drivers are thinned client.
• Type2 driver is thicked client. • Type4 drivers are directly communicates with
• Type2 drivers convert JDBC calls into database through socket connection.
database specific calls. • Type4 drivers don’t have to translate database
• Type2 drivers are not thread safe. requests to ODBC.
• If we change the database, we have to change • You don’t need to install special software on
the native API as it is specific to a database. the client or server side.
• Type2 drivers are not written in Java language • Numbers of transaction layers are very less.
which forms a portability issue.

84. How to backup without stopping servers?

Ans: Go to WAS-Root/bin directory and execute the below command.

WAS-Root/bin>./backupconig.sh –nostop (this command is for taking entire WAS backup).

Profile-home/bin>./backupconig.sh –nostop (this command is for taking particular profile backup).

Profile-home/bin>>./backupconig.sh –mybackup (it will take backup with mybackup file name.)

85. If there is no admin console, how will you start the server?

Ans: I will start the server by using command line.

i.e. open putty Go to Dmgr/bin>./startManager.sh or Appserver01/bin>./startServer.sh servername

86. What is the communication between database and application server?

Ans: JNDI and DataSource

87. I want to load static file in IHS? Where I can put?

Ans: htdocs

88. How to migrate from 6 to 7 Version?

Ans: Sorry I don’t know. I didn’t involve.

89. What is the status code 200 indicates?

Ans: The request is reached successfully to webserver. This log message can be updated in
access.log file.

24
90. Which property file will get updated at the time of WAS installation and uninstallation?

Ans: vpd.properties file will get update. In windows environment it will be available under
C://windows/

In Linux environment it will available under /root directory.

91. How to list all the repository.config files?

Ans: find -name *.config

92. Why you are not giving context root for .ear files?

Ans: context root is already there for .ear applications.

93. What is the default SOAP connector address of Application server profile?
Ans: 8880
94. How to copy a file from windows to Linux?
Ans: Wincvs, Winscp and x-manager

95. What is the default location for installation of WAS in UNIX environment?

Ans: Installation path in Unix/Linux: /opt/IBM/Websphere/Appserver

• Installation path in AIX: /usr/IBM/ Websphere/Appserver

• Installation Path in Windows: C://Program Files/IBM/ Websphere/Appserver.
96. How will you confirm that WAS is installed successfully?

Ans: Go to WAS-Root/logs/log.txt and go to /tmp/log.txt file.

Open the log.txt file at last we will get a message called “INSTCONFSUCCESS”, if the installation
is success. Otherwise it will display as “INSTCONFFAILURE”.
97. How to run a process in Background?
Ans: By giving & symbol at the end of the command.
Example: ./install –options <Modified Response path> -silent &
98. Command to check the current OS is 32 bit or 64 bit?
Ans: arch (or) uname –m. Here uname means UNIX name and m means machine.
If the output is i686, the OS version is 32 bit.
If the output is x86-64/x86, the OS version is 64 bit
99. Command to check the version of Linux/solaries/AIX?
Ans: cat /etc/*release (or) more /etc/*release→ Linux
uname -r →Solaries
oslevel -r →AIX

25
100. In how many ways we can install WAS setup?

Ans: In 6.0, 6.1 and 7.0 versions, we can install in 2 ways.

• GUI Mode
• Silent Mode

In 8.0 and 8.5 Versions, we can install in 3 ways.

• GUI Mode
• Silent Mode
• IMCL Commands
101. What is the command to execute a response file?

Ans: Go to Software location WAS directory.

WAS> ./install –options <Modified response file path> -silent

102. List some of the parameters in the response file?

• License Acceptance =true
• Installation location=/opt/IBM/Websphere/Appserver
• Check the pre-requisites=true
• Installation Type=none
• Startup type=manual
• Node Name=Appnode
• Cell Name=Dmgrcell
• Host Name=localhost
• Wc_adminhost=9060
• Wc_defaulthost=9080
• SOAP-Connector Address=8879
• Boot Strap Address=2809
103. How will you check the installation is successful (or) not?
Ans: We can get log.txt file under WAS-Root/logs (i.e. /opt/IBM/Websphere/Appserver/logs)
directory and in /tmp directory. If we open log.txt, at last of the log file we will get a message called
INSTCONFSUCCESS.
104. How will you confirm the particular command is executed successfully?
Ans: echo $?
If it returns zero (0), it means the previous command was executed successfully. Otherwise it is
unsuccessful.
105. List some of the log messages in the log.txt?
Ans: INSTCONFSUCCESS → If installation is successful we will get this message.

• OS version
• Installation mode

26
 • INSTCONFFAILED → If installation fails
• INSTCONFPARTIALSUCCESS → If WAS installed with errors
• Product versions
• Product location
• Product name
• List of parameters locations
• OS architecture
• Current User ID
• Java installation path

106. List some of the directories under <WAS-Root>?

Ans: Profiles, Profile Templates, Properties, Plugins, bin, log, etc, dev, java, configuration, installed
apps, installable apps, firststeps, features, installed connectors, temp, links, scheduler, systemapps,
uninstall, universalDriver, web, util, Tivoli, script libraries.

107. How will you uninstall WAS by using silent mode?

Ans: Go to WAS-Root/uninstall directory and execute the below command.

Uninstall>./uninstall –silent

Note: Before uninstalling WAS setup, make sure that you need to stop all the servers then we need to
uninstall.

108. What are the differences between express, base and ND packages?

Express & Base Package ND Package (Network Deployment

Package)
• Express & Base package provides standalone • ND package provides distributed environment.
environment. • ND package suitable for critical applications
• It is not suitable for critical applications like like banking applications.
banking applications. • We can achieve cluster environment, high
• We cannot achieve cluster environment, high availability, workload management, load
availability, workload management, load balancing and single point of administration.
balancing and single point of administration. • Here maintenance cost is very high.
• Here we can minimize maintenance cost.
The difference between base and express packages are

• Express package users are limited to 2 CPU’s

• Base package users are unlimited to unlimited CPU’s
• In Express package we cannot do federation.
• In base package we can do federation by accepting license agreement.
• The features and functionality are same in both express and base packages.
109. Which package is suitable to achieve for high availability?
Ans: Network Deployment Package

27
110. What is the default location for WAS in AIX environment?
Ans: AIX→/usr/IBM/Websphere/Appserver/
Windows→C://Program files/IBM/Websphere/Appserver/
Unix/Linux/Solaries→/opt/IBM/Websphere/Appserver/
111. What is a Profile?
Ans: A profile is an environment, which contains server, admin console, node and some supporting
configuration files, which helps to do admin activities on servers and applications.
112. What are the different types of profiles available in Express and Base packages?

Ans: Only one profile that is default profile.

113. What are the different types of profiles available in ND package?

Ans: In 6.0 Version: -3 profiles

• Default Profile( Application Server Profile)

• Deployment manager profile (DMGR profile)
• Custom or managed profile

In 6.1 Version:- 4 profiles

• Default Profile( Application Server Profile)

• Deployment manager profile (DMGR profile)
• Custom or managed profile
• Cell profile

In 7.0 Version:- 7 profiles

• Default Profile( Application Server Profile)

• Deployment manager profile (DMGR profile)
• Custom or managed profile
• Cell profile
• Admin Agent
• Secure Proxy
• Job Manager
In 8.0 & 8.5 Versions:- 8 profiles

• Default Profile( Application Server Profile)

• Deployment manager profile (DMGR profile)
• Custom or managed profile
• Cell profile
• Admin Agent
• Secure Proxy
• Job Manager
• Liberty Profile

28
114. In How many ways we can create profile?

Ans: We can create profile in 3 ways.

• GUI Mode
• Silent Mode
• Command line mode
115. What is the command to create a profile?

Ans: Go to WAS-Root/bin directory and execute the below command

In 6.0 Version:- WAS-Root/bin> ./wasprofile.sh -create –profileName <name of the profile> -

profilePath <absolute path of the profile> -templatePath <absolute template path> -nodeName
<name of the node> -cellName <name of the cell> -hostName <name of the host>

In 6.1 & 7.0 Version: WAS-Root/bin> ./manageprofile.sh -create –profileName <name of the
profile> -profilePath <absolute path of the profile> -templatePath <absolute template
path> -nodeName <name of the node> -cellName <name of the cell> -hostName <name of the
host>

116. What are the different types of profile templates in 6.0, 6.1 & 7.0?

Ans:6.0 Version: default, dmgr, managed

6.1 Version: default, dmgr, managed, cell

7.0 Version: default, dmgr, managed, cell, secureproxy, management

8.5 Version: default, dmgr, managed, cell, secureproxy, management

117. What is the command to check the list of profiles?

Ans: Go to WAS-root/bin directory and execute the command

WAS-Root/bin> ./manageprofile.sh -listProfiles

118. What is DB2, Oracle default port numbers? How do you find database port number?

Ans: DB2: 50000, Oracle: 1521

I will check with database team for finding database port number. There is no other scope to find out
database port numbers in admin console.

119. List some of the parameters in the profile response file?

Ans: ProfileName =dmgr

• ProfilePath=/opt/IBM/Websphere/Appserver/profiles/
• NodeName=Appnode
• CellNode=DmgrCell
• HostName=localhost

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 • Port Number Assignment
• User name =username, Password=******
• Startuptype=manual
120. What is the command to execute a profile response file?

Ans: Go to WAS-Root/bin/profilecreater directory in 6.0 version and execute the below command.

• WAS-Root/bin/profilecreator>./pctlinux.sh -options <modified profile response file path> -

silent

Go to WAS-Root/bin/profilemanagement directory in 6.1 version and execute the below command.

• WAS-Root/bin/ profilemanagement>./pmt.sh -options <modified profile response file path>

-silent
• In case of 6.0 windows the command starts with pctwindows.exe
• In case of 6.0 AIX the command starts with pctaix.bin
121. Which log file will be created at the time of profile creation and location of log file?

Ans: In case of 6.0 version wasprofile_create_profilename.log file will be created at the time of
profile creation.

• This wasprofile_create_profilename.log file will be available under WAS-

Root/logs/wasprofile directory.

In case of from 6.1 version profilename _create.log file will be created at the time of profile
creation.

• This profilename _create.log file will be available under WAS-Root/logs/manageprofile

directory.
122. Which xml file contains all the profile information?

Ans: profileRegistry.xml file contains all the profile information. It will be under WAS-
Root/properties directory.

123. What is the command to delete a profile?

Ans: Go to WAS-Root/bin directory and execute below command.

In 6.0 Version: WAS-Root/bin> ./wasprofile.sh –delete -profileName <name of the profile>

From 6.1 Version: WAS-Root/bin> ./manageprofile.sh –delete -profileName <name of the

profile>

If it deletes successfully we will get INSTCONFSUCCESS message.

124. List some of the directories in a profile?

Ans: bin, cim, Config, configuration, etc, firststep, installedapps, installableapps,

installedconnectors, installedfilters, logs, properties, servers, temp, wstemp, xdtemp, tranlogs,
workspace etc.,

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 125. If isDefault=true parameter updates, which xml file will get update?

Ans: profileregistry.xml file will get update. The path of profileregistry.xml file is WAS-
Root/properties directory.

Note: We can start a server under WAS-Root/bin directory, if the server is having isDefault=true.
i.e. the command is ./startServer.sh <servername> -profileName <name of the profile>

126. What is Deployment manager profile?

Ans: It contains Dmgr cell, admin console, Dmgr node and Dmgr server.

We cannot deploy any applications under Dmgr server. Dmgr server is mainly used to manage the
federated profile servers and applications.

We can create multiple servers through Dmgr admin console, if the node of either application server
profile or custom profile is available with Dmgr cell. The Deployment manager runs in its own JVM.

127. What is Application Server profile?

Ans: Here by default we will get a server server1, admin console, node and additional configuration
files.

We can create multiple servers under the Appnode, if the node is associated with the Dmgr.

128. What is Custom profile or Managed profile?

Ans: Here by default we will get an empty node and we won’t get any admin console and server to
deploy applications.

This node must be federated to the dmgr cell then only it will useful, otherwise it is useless.

Note: We cannot create multiple nodes within the profile.

129. What is the difference between temp & wstemp?

Temp Wstemp(warespace temp)

• Temp directory contains runtime temporary files • Wstemp directory contains temporary files at the
at the time of installation of software. time of deployment of an application in admin
• Temp directory is a temporary storage area. console.
• Example: At the time of executing application • Wstemp directory used by websphere during the
resources JSP files are converted into java deployment of applications.
classes, At that time temp directory should • Wstemp also contains transits configuration.
contain these java classes.(Example: log.txt) • Wstemp is for admin operations like
configuration changes in admin console

130. What information is available in server.xml file?

Ans: The server.xml file contains all the components and servers which are running on the server.

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Components: Node Agent, EJB container, Job manager, Application Archive, web container, cell
manager.

Services of server: The server contains trace section, application, application profile, TPV, PMI and
thread pool managements. Here we can also change heap size.

Path: /profile-home/cofig/cells/cellName/nodes/nodeName/servers/servername/

131. Which xml file contains what are the applications that are deployed?

Ans: serverindex.xml file

Path: profile-home/Config/cells/cellName/nodes/nodename

132. What is the difference between SOAP.Client.Props and SAS.Client.Props?

Ans: Soap.client.props and Sas.client.props files will be available under Profile-Home/properties

directory.

SOAP.Client.Props SAS.Client.Props
• Soap.client.props file contains the properties • SAS.Client.Props file contains properties used
that are used by JMX Soap connector client of by CSIV2 components of WAS.
the WAS. • It contains the parameters like security enable,
• It contains parameters like login User ID, security enable-true, authentication target, RMI
Password, Login source=prompt , etc., user identity like login user id, login password,
• Here if you specify login source =Nothing, request timeout settings.
even though security is enabled, it won’t • SAS.Client.Props is used at the time of using
prompt the username and password. RMI transport.
• Soap.client.props is used at the time of using • This file is used to set the properties for the
Soap transport. RMI connector.
• This file is used to set the properties for soap • The SAS client property files define how SSL
container. client authentication is completed.
• The soap client properties define how the node • The SAS property files are used to store users
agent, DMGR, job manager and application user id, password to bypass the authentication
servers communicate with each other over the prompt.
soap port.
• The soap client property files used by scripts
from bin directory. Example: startServer,
startNode and StopServer etc.,

133. What is federation and what is the purpose of federation?

Ans: Federation is the process of adding node (i.e. either Application profile node or custom profile
node) to the DMGR cell.

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Purpose of Federation: After federation we can achieve single point administration and we can
create ‘n’ number of servers and can deploy ‘n’ number of applications under that federated node.

134. What is the command to federate a node?

Ans: If you want to federate Application server profile node then Go to WAS-
Root/profiles/Appserver01/bin directory and execute the below command.

WAS-Root/profiles/Appserver01/bin> ./addNode.sh <host name of DMGR> <SOAP connector

address of DMGR> -includeapps

135. What is the federation process internally?

Ans: It will connect to dmgr

• It will stop all the servers

• Deleting the old backup
• Creating a new backup
• Create a node agent
• Adding node configuration to the Dmgr cell.
• Synchronizing between node and cell
• Launching node agent.
136. What is the default Dmgr SOAP connector port number?
Ans: 8879
137. Which log file will be updated at the time of federation?
Ans: AddNode.log file will be updated at the time of federation. It will be available under profile-
home/logs directory.
Systemout.log file will get updated, if you do federation through admin console.
138. What is the command to remove a node?
Ans: in 6.0 Version: Go to WAS-Root/profiles/Appserver01/bin directory and execute the below
command.
Appserver01/bin> ./removeNode.sh
From 6.1 Version: Go to WAS-Root/profiles/Dmgr/bin directory and execute the below command.
Dmgr/bin> ./cleanupNode.sh
Then go to WAS-Root/profiles/Appserver01/bin directory and execute the below command.
Appserver01/bin> ./removeNode.sh

139. What is a node?

Ans: A node is a collection of servers (or) logical group of managed servers. If we want to create
additional servers we require a node.

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 140. What is a cell?

Ans: The cell is a collection of nodes. It contains master configuration. It is top most administrative
point.

It maintains all profiles configuration which are added to the cell. It means we can use single admin
console to administrate all the servers.

141. What is synchronization?

Ans: Synchronization is the process of updating the nodes with master configuration repository
changes.

In ND package, applications and server contains multiple nodes managed by DMGR. DMGR holds
the master repository of configuration files.

142. In how many ways we can do synchronization?

Ans: 2 ways. One is Automatic Synchronization and second is manual Synchronization.

Automatic Synchronization: Automatic synchronization can be done in admin console.

Go to Admin Console → Expand system Administration →Nodes → select your node (example:
Appnode) → click on synchronize.

Manual Synchronization: The manual synchronization is 2 types. One is partial synchronization

and second is full synchronization.

Partial Synchronization: In partial synchronization only the respective configuration files which
has changed at DMGR level & will be synchronization with node.

Example: Whatever you have done save changes in admin console.

Full Synchronization: In full synchronization the synchronization will be done to the entire master
repository with the node. It contains all the repositories when the node agent is started. The full
synchronization command is Go to WAS-Root/profiles/Appsrv01/bin directory and execute the
below command.

WAS-Root/profiles/Appsrv01/bin> ./syncNode.sh <hostname of DMGR> <SOAP connector

Address of DMGR>

143. What is the difference between partial and full synchronization?

Partial Synchronization: In partial synchronization only the respective configuration files which
has changed at DMGR level & will be synchronization with node.
Example: Whatever you have done save changes in admin console.
Full Synchronization: In full synchronization the synchronization will be done to the entire master
repository with the node. It contains all the repositories when the node agent is started. The full
synchronization command is Go to WAS-Root/profiles/Appsrv01/bin directory and execute the
below command.

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 WAS-Root/profiles/Appsrv01/bin> ./syncNode.sh <hostname of DMGR> <SOAP connector
Address of DMGR>

144. What is the default HTTP transport secure port number?

Ans: 9443

145. What happens for the applications, if the node agent is down?

Ans: There is no impact for the applications, but we cannot access application without node agent.
The end users won’t get impact.

146. What is the difference between managed node and unmanaged node?

Ans: Managed Node: A node which is having a node agent is called managed node which is
managed by DMGR.

Unmanaged Node: A node which is not having a node agent is called unmanaged node which is not
managed by DMGR.

147. What is Node Agent? How to start a node agent?

Ans: Node Agent is a server which acts as communication between Dmgr and application server
profile/custom profile which is federated to Dmgr. Node agent will create during federation process.

If you have federated with Appserver node then go to profiles/appserver01/bin directory and execute
the below command.

WAS-Root/profiles/Appserver01/bin>./startNode.sh

Note: We cannot start node agent through admin console. But we can restart through admin console.

148. Is it possible to access applications, if node agent is down/stop?

Ans: Yes we can access the applications, if the node agent is down or stopped. There is no impact on
end users. But, we cannot do administration activities through the dmgr admin console.
149. Is it possible to access applications, if dmgr is down?

Ans: After federation, a dmgr is down or machine is completely crashed, at that time also there is no
impact for the federated profile servers and applications.

We can access applications normally. But we cannot access dmgr admin console and we cannot do
any admin activities on servers and applications.

150. Which xml file contains all the profiles information?

Ans: profileregistry.xml file contains all the profiles information. It will be under WAS-
Root/properties directory

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151. What is the difference between data source and JDBC provider?

Ans: JDBC provider: It specifies what type of database we are using and supplies the specific
JDBC driver implementation classes for accessing a specific database.

Data source: It is a unique name which holds information about database server like hostname of
database server, port number of database server, type of the driver, database name and user
credentials of database like username and password.

152. How to configure ORACLE database or data source?

Ans: Identify the location of the jar files.

• Oracle jar files will be available under your oracle software location (i.e.
c:/oracleexe/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/server/jdbc/lib directory)
• Oracle jar files are ojdbc6.jar, ojdbc14.jar
• Configure jar files with websphere variables.
• Login into dmgr admin console → expand environments → select websphere
variables→click on oracle_jdbc_driver_path link for oracle. Provide path of the oracle jar
files (i.e. Example: c:/oracleexe/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/server/jdbc/lib) in value field and
save it. Here variables.xml file will get update. Variables.xml file will be available under
profile-home/config/cells/cellname/nodes/nodename/veriables.xml
• Create JDBC providers. For creating this expand resources in admin console → click on
JDBC providers → select new →select database type oracle (i.e. in case of Oracle) → select
provide type Oracle JDBC Driver, select the implementation type as connection pool data
source → next → apply and do save changes.
• Here variables and resources.xml file will get updated.
• In case of Oracle database configuration click on JDBC providers → new → select database
type as oracle, select provider type as oracle JDBC driver, select implementation type
connection pool data source, apply and save changes.
• Click on newly create Oracle JDBC Provider link → click on data sources link → new →
give name (ex: oracle_DS), give JNDI name (ex: JDBC/oracle_DS), select a data store helper
class as Oracle 10G data store helper and give URL as jdbc:oracle:thin:@dmgr’s
hostname:1521:xe, apply and save changes.
• Click on newly created Data sources link → click on J2EE connector architecture link and
give alias name, UserID (ex:system), password (ex:******), apply and save changes. Here
security.xml file will get update.
• Now go to data sources link → select the appropriate component managed authentication
alias then apply, do save changes.
• Now select check box of data source and do test connection. If it gets success we will get a
message as test connection was successful.
153. How to configure a DB2 database or data source?
• Identify the location of the jar files.
• DB2 jar files will be available under DB2 installed location (i.e.
c:/DB2/IBM/SQLLIB/JAVA) directory.
• DB2 jar files are db2jcc.jar, db2jcc_license_cu.jar, db2jcc_license_cisuz.jar
• Configure jar files with websphere variables.
• Login into dmgr admin console → expand environments → select websphere variables.

36
 • For DB2 database configuration we have 3 variables
(DB2Universal_JDBC_Driver_Nativepath, DB2Universal_JDBC_Driver_PATH,
DB2_JDBC_Driver_path) under admin console websphere variables.
• Select one by one variable and provide path of the DB2 jar files (i.e. example:
:/Db2/IBM/SQLLIB/JAVA) in value field and save it. Here variables.xml file will get update.
Variables.xml file will be available under profile-
home/config/cells/cellname/nodes/nodename/veriables.xml
• For DB2 database configuration, Create JDBC providers. For creating this expand resources
in admin console → click on JDBC providers → select new →select database type DB2 (i.e.
in case of DB2) → select provide type DB2 universal JDBC driver provider, select the
implementation type as connection pool data source → next → apply and do save changes.
• Here variables and resources.xml files will get updated.
• Create a data source. For this click on newly created JDBC provider link → click on data
sources → new → provide name (example DB2_DS) and provide JNDI name (example:
JDBC/DB2_DS), select a data store helper class as DB2 Universal data store helper, select
component managed authentication alias (example: Dmgrnode01/server).
• Give valid database name (Example: SAMPLE for DB2), server name (example: Dmgr’s
host name is 192.168.1.133) and do apply and save changes. Here resources.xml file will get
update.
• Click on newly created data sources link → click on J2EE connector architecture (J2C)
authentication data entries link→ click on new → give alias (example: db2 details), userID
(example for DB2: db2admin) and password (i.e. ******) and save changes . Here
security.xml file will get updated.
• Click on Data sources link → click on data source name → now select component managed
authentication alias as newly created J2EE connector (example: Dmgrcell01/DB2)
• No select the data source name check box → click on test connection. If it gets success we
will get a message as test connection was successful.
154. What is the use of Global Security?

Ans: It provides the authentication and authorization for the console users and application users.
Authentication is act of providing identity.
Authorization is the act of determining the parameters.
155. In how many ways you can enable global security in 6.0, 6.1 & 7.0 versions?
Ans: 6.0 Version:-
• Local OS Registry
• Custom Registry
• LDAP Registry
6.1, 7.0 , 8.0 & 8.5 Versions:-

• Local OS Registry
• Custom Registry
• LDAP Registry
• Federated Repository

37
Note: If interviewer asks about Federated repository, tell him by using federated repository we can
create multiples repositories. But, we are using LDAP Registry in our environment.

156. How to configure LDAP user registry?

Ans: Login to the admin console

• Expand security and click on global security

• Select the security configuration wizard
• Select LDAP standalone repository
• Provide LDAP server details like username, type of LDAP server, HostName of LDAP server,
port number of LDAP server, Base distinguished name, bind distinguished name, bind password
and save the changes.
• Click on LTPA link and confirm the password then save the changes.
• Here security.xml file will get updated.
• Now restart your DMGR server and access the admin console.
157. What is the default LDAP port number with SSL and without SSL?

Ans: LDAP port number with SSL: 636, LDAP port number without SSL: 389

158. How to disable global security by using command?

Ans: Go to Dmgr/bin directory and execute the below command.

Dmgr/bin> ./Wsadmin.sh -connType NONE

Wsadmin> securityoff

Wsadmin>exit

Now restart your server.

Alternative Method2: Go to security.xml file make enabled=’false’ and save the file and restart the
server. Security.xml file will be available under WAS-Root/profiles/dmgr01/Config/cells/cellName
directory.

Alternative Method3: Go to global security in admin console and disable administrative security
check box. Then restart the server.

159. Which xml file will get updated, if I enable global security and under which location is it
available?

Ans: Security.xml file.

Security.xml file will be available under WAS-Root/profiles/dmgr01/Config/cells/cellName

directory

38
160. What is JDBC provider?

Ans: It specifies what type of database we are using and supplies the specific JDBC driver
implementation classes for accessing specific database and what type of implementation mechanism
we are using either connection pool data source or XA data source.

161. What is Data source?

Ans: It is a unique name which holds the information about database like hostname of database
server, port number of database server, type of the driver, database name and user credentials of
database like username and password.

162. What is the URL to connect with oracle database?

Ans: protocol:subprotocol:type of driver:@hostname of Database:port number of database: database

name

Example: jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.137.134:1521:xe

163. What is the jar file is necessary to configure oracle in 6.0, 6.1 and 7.0?

Ans: 6.0 & 6.1 Version: ojdbc14.jar

7.0 Version: ojdbc6.jar

164. What are the jar files necessary to configure DB2?

Ans: Db2jcc_license_cu.jar,
db2jcc_license_cisuz.jar
165. What is the default port number of DB2 & Oracle?

Ans: Default port number of Oracle: 1521, Default port number of DB2:50,000

166. If I do the changes under J2C alias, I have to restart a server (or) not?

Ans: No need to restart the servers. Here security.xml file will get updated. Security.xml file will be
available under WAS-Root/profile-home/Config/cells/cellName/

167. What is the use of J2C alias?

Ans: J2C is secure mechanism for integrating enterprise information system to an application server
and enterprise applications. It stores the username and password. It can use same username and
password for multiple resources.

We can create a username and password, But no need to restart server. If you create username and
password for DB2, no need to create alias. We can use same username and password.

J2C Alias: J2C aliases is known as Java 2 connection authentication, here we can give
authentication data for administrators. This includes username, password of the database.

39
168. What is connection pool?

Ans: It contains predefined connection objects. Server won’t create new connection for each and
every request. Server can use existing connection object from the connection pool, once transaction
is completed that connection object will be back to the pool.

If you don’t have connection pool mechanism, for each and every request a new connection object
will be created b server. Once the transaction is completed, that connection object will be closed and
no more available.

169. What are connection pool properties and explain each property?

Ans: We have 6 types of connection pool properties are as follows.

Minimum Connections: It specifies the minimum number of connection objects to be maintained

irrespective of the usage. By default 1 is the minimum connection.

Maximum connections: It specifies up to what extent the connection objects can be created in
connection pool. By default 10 is the minimum connections.

ConnectionTimeout: This is the time interval which specifies, how much time a request can wait for
connection object. By default connection timeout is 180 sec.

When the connection pool reaches to maximum number of connections and if a request did not get a
connection object within the time interval, it will through an exception called
“ConnectionWaitTimeOut”.

Unused Timeout: It is the time interval, which specifies when the unused connection objects to be
discarded from the pool. Default unused timeout is 1800 secs (i.e. 30 mins).

Aged Timeout: It specifies how much time a request can hold a connection object (or) life time of a
connection object. Default time interval is zero (0) i.e. unlimited.
Reap Timeout: It is the time interval, which specifies when the pool maintenance thread runs across
the connection pool. Lesser the reap time more accuracy. Default Reap Timeout: 180 seconds
170. What you will get ConnectionWaitTimeOut exception?
Ans: ConnectionTimeout: This is the time interval which specifies, how much time a request can
wait for connection object. By default connection timeout is 180 sec.
When the connection pool reaches to maximum number of connections and if a request did not get a
connection object within the time interval, it will through an exception called
“ConnectionWaitTimeOut”.
171. What is the default ConnectionWaitTimeOut interval?
Ans: 180 Secs
172. What is Unused Timeout?
Ans: It is the time interval, which specifies when the unused connection objects to be discarded from
the pool. Default unused timeout is 1800 secs (i.e. 30 mins).

40
173. What is the AgedTimeOut?
Ans: It specifies how much time a request can hold a connection object (or) life time of a connection
object. Default time interval is zero (0) i.e. unlimited.
174. What is Reap Timeout?
Ans: It is the time interval, which specifies when the pool maintenance thread runs across the
connection pool. Lesser the reap time more accuracy. Default Reap Timeout: 180 seconds.
175. What is the difference between Connection pool data source & XA data source?

Connection Pool Data Source XA Data Source

• It is single phase commit. • It is two phases commit.
• In case of connection pool data source, once • In case of XA data source, once a transaction
transaction with a particular schema is with a particular schema is completed. It will
completed immediately that schema will be not be committed immediately.
committed. • Once all the dependency schema transactions
• It won’t consider other schema transactions are are successful otherwise none of the schema
successful or not. will be committed.
• It supports local transaction. • It supports distributed transaction.
• Example: Withdraw an amount from your
account.
176. What is the default min & Max connection objects?

Ans: The default minimum connection objects: 01

The default maximum connection objects: 10

177. What are the difference between .WAR file and .EAR file & what is the difference you
observed at the time of deployment?

.WAR Files .EAR Files

• The WAR file stands for Web Archive which • The EAR stands for enterprise archive which
contains basic web applications. has many .WAR and .EJB’s (i.e. EJB is other
• The WAR files contains like servlets, JSPs, J2EE components).
HTML pages, XML pages, properties etc., • The EAR files contains like servlets, JSP,
• The WAR applications run in the single tomcat HTML files, entity beans, session beans and
server. message driven beans.
• To execute WAR files we require a web • The EAR applications run in the websphere,
container which is available in Apache Tomcat, weblogic and Jboss applications.
IBM Websphere, Oracle Weblogic and Redhat • To execute .EAR files we require both web
Jboss. container & EJB container which are available
• While deploying an application in WAR file in websphere, weblogic and Jboss applications.
we have to provide the context root manually. • While deploying .EAR file applications, no
• While deploying .WAR file applications, we need to provide context root. It’s already
need to provide context root manually. contains context root inside application.

41
178. What is the use of Deployment Descriptor?

Ans: web.xml file is the deployment descriptor. Deployment descriptor contains mapping
information like servlet mapping section, URL pattern.
Web.xml file is the deployment descriptor for .war files. Applocation.xml is the deployment
descriptor for .ear files. The deployment descriptor will receive the request from Plugins.
Deployment descriptor first it will check context root is available in any of the servlet mappings or
not. If it is available then it will go to servlet mapping section. It will try to mine servlet name, next it
will go to servlet section. It will find the class name and path of the class. Now it will execute the
class based on the path.
Based upon your request, request parameters, the corresponding class file/ JSP file will be executed
in the deployment descriptor file mapping.
Now at the time of executing resources, if it requires any database interaction, deployment descriptor
contains data source name. By this data source name, deployment descriptor will go to JNDI and
check whether that data source is available with JNDI or not. If it is there then JNDI will call the
connection pool.
Based upon connection pool properties connection objects will get created or wait for the connection
object. Once the transaction was finished, the object will be back to connection pool.

179. Note down the path, where the deployment descriptor is available?

Ans: Web.xml: -WAS-Root/profiles/appserv01/installedapps/cellName/applicationname.war/WEB-

INF/web.xml

Application.xml:-WAS-
Root/profiles/appserv01/installedapps/cellName/applicationname.ear/META-INF/application.xml

180. I am trying to install my application, but it is getting failed. What are the different possible
reasons for this?
Ans: First I will check Systemout.log & SystemErr.log files are identifying any jar or class files are
missing in the application, may be application got corrupted.

• No space in the directory where you are trying to install the application.
• If there is no sufficient heap memory to deploy an application
• The deployment descriptor is not available in the application.
• Provide the context root for the .war applications.
• Target mapping to the cluster or server is unavailable.
• Host is not available.
181. What is the use of JNDI?
Ans: JNDI-java naming and directory interface. It provides mapping between web container and EJB
container and also provides interaction with database. It contains mapping information & it maintains
lookup for the resource.
182. What is the use of CVS?
Ans: CVS stands for concurrent version system. It is a version control tool to communicate with
CVS repository. Developers, Testers will commit & checkout the latest files, applications from CVS
repository.

42
183. How to check the version of IHS?
Ans: Go to HTTP server/bin directory and execute the below commands.
HTTPServer/bin>./versioninfo.sh (or) ./apachectl.sh -v (or) httpd -v
184. What is the important configuration file in IHS and Apache webserver and where it is
located?
Ans: httpd.conf is the important configuration file. Path:- /opt/HTTPServer/conf/httpd.conf
185. What are the logs available in IHS server?
Ans: 3 logs.

• Access.log,
• Error.log,
• Admin.error.log
186. What information is available under access.log?

Ans: access.log file will get updated, when the request is reaches to webserver. Access.log file
contains information about number of requests is received by the webserver.

It contains request information like IP address, timestamp, status code, number of requested bytes
and requested URL.

187. Write some of the entries under httpd.conf file?

Ans: Plug-in module Mod_WAS_ap20_http.conf.so

• Plugin-cfg.xml file location

• Virtual host aliases
• SSL configuration
• Document Root
• Location of error.log & Access.log file
• Directory index
188. What is the use of HTTP server?

Ans: Webserver or HTTP server is a program that uses to serve the files.

• HTTP server is used to secure static pages.

• HTTP server is a webserver used to store process and deliver secure response to its clients.
• Fast response to the clients request by using FRCA (Fast Response Cache Accelerator)
189. What is the module name that is necessary to configure webserver and application server?

Ans: load module net_trace_module modules/debug/mod-net-traces

190. What is the module name that is to be configured for plugging in the httpd.conf?

Ans: Mod_WAS_ap22_http.so

SO-Shared Object File, SOAP-Simple object access protocol

43
191. How many ways we can install apache webserver in linux environment?

Ans: 3 ways

• Binary installation
• Using RPM package
• Building from source
192. How to check the apache version?

Ans: ./apachectl -v or ./httpd -v

193. What is default installation location of apache webserver?

Ans: “/etc/local/apache”
194. How many types of virtual hosts are available?

Ans: We can access application by using multiple domain names or host names. There are 2 types.

• Name based virtual host

• IP based virtual host
• If you want to configure virtual host, we have specify virtual host name, document root,
directory index and location of the application in httpd.conf file.
195. What is the difference between Document Root and Document Index?

Document Root Document Index

• Document root is also called as web root. • Directory index allows you specify a default
• Document root is the place where we can find page to display when a directory is accessed.
all the web pages and server scripts, HTML • The directory index is the default page served
pages and images. by the server.
• By default document root in IHS is htdocs. (i.e. • When a user request an index of directory by
IBM/HTTPServer/htdocs) These files are specifying a forward slash (/) at the end of the
loaded on the browsers when we type in a directory name.
particular URL to point that server. • Default directory index is index.xml
196. What is the use of Plug-in?

Ans: The primary responsibility of a plug-in is to forward the request to the application server. The
plug-ins acts as a mediator between webserver and application server.

The Plugins contain all information about application server like host name of application server,
default port numbers, application name, context root etc.,
197. What is the webserver definition?
Ans: By using webserver definition, we can do admin activities through DMGR admin console. We
can manage webserver from admin console. While plug-in is creating, webserver definition will get
created. The webserver objects contains webserver properties like installation root, port,
configuration file path and log file paths.
198. How to check the connectivity between webserver and application server?
Ans: Telnet <hostname> <port number> Or

44
Webserver:- Go to profile-home/bin> -W get: <hostname> <webserver port number>
Example: Appserver/bin> -W get: 192.168.1.1 80
Appserver:- Go to webserver/bin> -W get: <hostname> <Appserver port number>
Example:- HTTPServer/bin> -W get: 192.168.1.2 9060

199. How to generate plugin-cfg.xml file?

Ans: Go to Dmgr/bin directory and execute below command.
WAS-Root/profiles/dmgr/bin>./GenPluginCfg.sh
200. What are the parameters available under plugin-cfg.xml file?
Ans: Virtual host, servers, clusters, refresh interval, requests matrix information, retry interval,
server timeout, connection timeout, host name, port number and context root.
201. What is the default work load management policy?
Ans: Round Robin Scheduling Algorithm, Random Algorithm, Weight based algorithm.
202. What is a cluster?
Ans: A cluster is a group of servers which can be used to achieve high availability, load balancing
and work load management.
203. What is the impact for the cluster members, if the node agent is down?
Ans: There is no impact for the cluster members.

204. What is difference between vertical cluster and Horizontal cluster?

Vertical Clusters Horizontal Clusters

• We can create cluster members under same • Here we can create cluster members under
node or same box. different nodes or different boxes.
• If any one of the cluster member is down, • If any one of the cluster members is down or
request will be routed to other active cluster machine is crashed at the time also end users
member. can access the application from other cluster
• If completely machine is crashed, end user can member which are running under different
not access applications from any of the cluster physical machines.
member. • It is available to use horizontal clusters in
production environment for critical
applications.
205. Tell me the procedure to create a horizontal cluster from scratch?

Ans: We require minimum 2 physical machines.

• We need Dmgr and two profiles either application profile or custom profile.
• Federate the application server profile or custom profile which is in different machines to the
Dmgr profile.
• Login to the Dmgr admin console and expand the servers and click on the server type.
• Then click on clusters.

45
 • Select websphere application cluster → select new → give cluster name and specify the
cluster member with weight under different nodes.
• Then click on save. At this time virtualhost.xml, systemapps.xml and serverindex.xml file
will be updated.
• Now start the clusters and deploy the applications and access the applications.
206. What is the impact for the cluster members if the dmgr is down?

Ans: There is no impact for the cluster members.

207. What is workload management?

Ans: Work load management is a websphere feature that provides load balancing and affinity
between application servers in websphere clustered environment. Websphere uses workload
management to send request for alternate members of the cluster. Workload management is an
important for performance.

208. What is session affinity?

Ans: Within a cluster of servers request from the same client always get routed back to the same
cluster. This is called session affinity. Session affinity uses cookies to track session information and
potentially to maintain login credentials. Session affinity enhances application performance by using
in memory aching, not a database. (i.e. session affinity means requests from the same client always
get routed back to the same servers with in a cluster)

209. What is the use of TPV?

Ans: TPV stands for Tivoli Performance viewer. By using TPV we can monitor JVM heap usages,
connection pool usage and thread pool usage etc., to tune the application server performance. Based
on the current resource usage we can tune necessary parameters or components like connection pool
or heap.

210. How to enable TPV?

Ans: Go to Admin console → expand performance monitoring & tuning→click on performance

monitoring infrastructure→select server→select configuration tab and then enable performance
monitoring infrastructure→select extended option and click on save.

Go to Admin console → expand performance monitoring & tuning→Expand performance viewer

→click on current activity→select your server and click on start monitoring.

Now click on your server link→ click on view modules→ expand performance modules→select
JVM runtime, JDBC connection pools & thread pools & click on view modules.

211. How to change (or) increase heap size?

Ans: Login into admin console → expand servers → click on application servers →expand java &
process management → select process definition → select java virtual machine → modify initial and
maximum heap size and save the changes . Here server.xml file will get updated.

46
212. What is Jsession ID?

Ans: WAS uses the Jsession ID information to keep track of the client session. Default name for the
application server session cookie is Jsession ID.

Jsession Id’s are 3 types. One is session ID, second is clone ID, cookies. Clone ID will be saved in
plugin-cfg.xml file. Clone Id is don’t have session expiry.

We can enable Jsession ID and set through WAS admin console.

i.e., Go to Admin Console → expand servers →click on application servers → click on your server
→ click on session management. Here we can enable cookies, URL rewriting, SSL Id tracking.

213. How to connect from windows to Unix/Linux box? (Or) how to start the server initially?

Ans: putty, Winscp, Wincvs and x-manager

214. What is the use of request metrics?

Ans: Request metrics is a tool that enables, you can track individual transaction. It will record the
processing time of each of the major websphere application server component.

215. How to enable Request metrics?

Ans: Go to Admin console → expand performance monitoring & tuning→select request metrics
→select server→select configuration tab and then enable request metrics (i.e. prepare servers for
request metrics collection)

216. In which log file request metrics data will be stored?

Ans: Systemout.log file and http-Plugin.log file

Systemout.log file will be available under profile-home/logs/server-name/ directory.

Http-plugin.log file will be available under /opt/Plugins/logs/webserver1/ directory.

217. Which component information will be generated by TPV as a report?

Ans: TPV generates 5 summary reports.

• Servlet report
• EJB reports
• EJB method reports
• Connection pool reports
• Thread pool reports
218. What is the difference between unused timeout and reap timeout?

Ans: Unused Timeout:- This is the time interval which indicates when the unused connection object
has to discarded from the pool. Default unused timeout=1800 secs

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Reap Timeout:- This is the time interval which indicates when the pool maintenance threads run
across the connection pool. Lesser the reap more accuracy. Default timeout=180 secs

219. What is the difference between Thread Dump and Heap Dump?

Thread Dump Heap Dump

• It contains information about Threads. • It contains information about java object/heap
• By using thread dumps we can find the state objects.
of threads like wait on condition, blocked, • We can find the size of the object, references of
hungs, suspend, dead lock and runnable an object, current heap size and available heap
threads. size.
• The thread dumps are more useful in • The heap dumps are more useful in debugging
debugging hung threads. memory leaks.
• The thread dump file format is • The heap dump file format is
javacore.timestamp.pid.dumpnumber.txt heapdump.timestamp.pid.dumpnumber.phd
file file
220. How to generate thread dumps?

Ans: In Linux environment we can generate thread dumps by using kill -3 <PID> command.

Another way to generate thread dumps:-

• Go to WAS-Root/profiles/Dmgr/bin directory
• Dmgr/bin> ./wsadmin.sh
• Set the environment by using below command.
• wsadmin>set jvm [$AdminControl CompleteObjectName type=JVM,process=server1,*]
• wsadmin>$AdminControl invoke $jvm dumpThreads
221. How to generate heap dumps?

Ans: In Linux environment we can generate heap dumps by using kill -3 <PID> command, if
IBM_HEAPDUMP=true, IBM_HEAP_DUMP=true parameters are configured under Admin console
→servers→ java process management→process definition→environment entries.

Another way to generate heap dumps:-

• Go to WAS-Root/profiles/Dmgr/bin directory
• Dmgr/bin> ./wsadmin.sh
• Set the environment by using below command.
• wsadmin>set jvm [$AdminControl CompleteObjectName type=JVM,process=server1,*]
• wsadmin>$AdminControl invoke $jvm generateHeapDump
222. Where the thread and heap dumps will be generated by default?

Ans: profile-home directory (i.e. WAS-Root/profiles/profile-name directory)

48
223. What is the use of log analyzer?

Ans: Activity.log file contains all the process information. By default this log file is in binary format.
We cannot read activity.log file by using normal text editor. By using log analyzer we can read the
activity.log file.

Activity.log file will be available under profile-home/logs directory.

We can execute. /waslogbr command under WAS-Root/bin

224. What is the use of collector tool?

Ans: It gathers the information about websphere installation & packages. We can execute the
collector tool by using the command “collector.sh”.

The main purpose of collector tool is to get assistance from IBM and to detecting problem. Now
collector tool is deprecated.

225. What information is available under FFDC logs?

Ans: FFDC stands for First failure data capture. FFDC runs in the background and collects events
and errors that are occur during WAS runtime environment.

The main purpose of FFDC logs is to get services and assistance from IBM. FFDDC logs will be
available under profile-home/logs directory.

226. What is the difference between systemout.log and systemErr.log?

Ans: Systemout.log:- Systemout.log file contains server services information What are the services
that are started, components information, what are the component that are enabled/disabled.

This log file will get updated at the time of server startup, application startup, server shutdown and
application stop etc.,

It contains data source binding information, application startup information and what are the modules
that are loaded, what are the jar files that are loaded at the time of server startup.

SystemErr.log:- It contains only error messages. It won’t have any server services information and
application information.

227. What information is available in native_stderr.log file?

Ans: It contains garbage collector information. This log file will be created under profile-
home/logs/servername directory.

We can enable garbage collector in admin console. i.e. (go to admin console →servers → java and
process management→process definition→java virtual machine→here enable verbose garbage
collector option)

49
228. What information is available in trace logs?

Ans: It contains detailed information about particular activity. We can find detailed message like
which class it is called and which method it is called. Trace log can pinpoint a failure.

The different tracing levels are all, debut, error, warn, fatal, serve, info, details, Config, fine, finer
and finest.

229. What is the use of activity logs?

Ans: It contains all server information under a particular profile. We can compare with symptom
database with known problems and we can identify the root cause of problem. We can analyze
activity.log file by using log analyzer.

It is available under profile-home/logs directory. We can execute a log analyzer by using a

command ./waslogbr.sh under was-root/bin directory.

230. List what are the logs available under application server, webserver and plug-in?

Ans: Application Server:- JVM logs, native or process logs, trace logs, command line logs, service
or activity logs, profile creation logs, FFDC logs and Fix pack logs.

Web server:- access.log, error.log, admin-error.log

Plug-in:- http-plugin.log

231. Which log file will be created at the time f profile creation?

Ans: 6.0 Version:-wasprofile_create_profilename.log will be created under WAS-

Root/logs/wasprofile directory.

From 6.1 Version:- profilename_create.log under WAS-Root/logs/manageprofiles

232. What are different wsadmin objects available?

Ans: AdminTask:-set heap size, update application, create server type etc.,

AdminConfig:- create new cluster member, create JDBC data sources

AdminControl:- start, startServer, get port, cell, names etc.,

AdminApp:-Application related tasks like deployapp, uninstall apps, deployment status.

Help:- help

233. What are different log levels available?

Ans: The different type of log levels are all, debug, error, warn, fatal, serve, info, details, Config,
fine, finer and finest.

234. In how many ways I can do log rotation for JVM logs?

Ans: 2 ways. One is Time Based and second is Size based.

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 Go to Admin console → expand troubleshooting → click on logs and trace→ click on your
server→click on JVM logs → click on JVM logs→ click on configuration tab→ here we can select
options from file rotation.

235. What is tunneling?

Ans: Tunneling is a protocol that allows secure moment of data transfer from one network to
another network.

Tunneling involves allowing private connection to be sent across a public network.

236. What is LTPA token?

Ans: LTPA stands for Light weight third party authentication is intended for distributed
environment and multiple application servers. It supports forward able credential and single sign on
(SSO).

LTPA is able to support security in a distributed environment through the use of cryptography. This
type of authentication requires for control user registry shared repository such as LTPA.

237. What is difference between LTPA & SWAM?

LTPA (Light weight Third Party SWAM (Single Websphere attention

Authentication) Mechanism)
• It is tightly coupled. It will be used for • It is simple to check username and password of
authentication purpose to send and receive data authenticated person.
through cryptographic keys. • It is used non-distributed single application
• It will send data to any person using LTPA. server environments.
That data will receive safely to other client. • It does not support forward able credentials.
• If you send the data through encryption key at • SWAM uses session ID for identification
the receiving side the client will receive the purpose only.
data through decryption key. • It does not store any particular session ID in
• It is used to send data will reach safely without the server.
disturbances. • If we send one request, it checks that request
• It supports security in a distributed and forward to the particular server.
environment.
• It will support forward able credentials and
single sign on.
238. Why we will get hung threads?

Ans: If thread is no longer used by a particular request for longer time then we will get hung threads
in systemout.log file.

239. What is the log format of http_plugin.log file?

Ans: Timestamp: ThreadID: PID: Plugin System Information

51
240. Write some of the log messages in the native_stdout and native_stderr.log?

Ans: Native_stdout and native_stdErr.logs are called as native/process logs. These logs are available
for each and every server under profile-home/logs/server-name directory.

Native_stdout.log file contains .dll, .iso, .exe information.

Native_stdErr.log file contains garbage collector information.

241. What is the discovery process and explain the cell discovery address?

Ans: The discovery process has a sender and receiver process. Each websphere application server
process can acts as either sender or receiver based on who is initially discovered.

Cell Discovery Address:- The copy of the configuration repository located on each node contains
the serverindex.xml file for the dmgr. The node agent reads serverindex.xml file for startup to
determine the hostname and IP address or port of the deployment managers is called
cell_discovery_address.

If you want to change the value of cell discovery address, we can change in serverindex.xml file.
Node want to communicate with cell, at that time it requires cell discovery address.

• Cell discovery address used by Dmgr to discover node agent.

• Defined in the serverindex.xml file of the Dmgr.
• Cell discovery address for Appserver01(Not applicable)
• Cell discover address for Dmgr(default value 7277)
Example :-< specialEndPoints
Xmi:id=”Named Endpoint_1” endPointName=”cell_discovery_address”>
<endPointXmi:id=”EndPoint_1” host=”websphere.ibm.com” port=”7277”/>
</specialEndPoints>
242. What is the discovery process and explain the node discovery address?
Ans: The master repository located on the Dmgr contains the serverindex.xml file for each node.
Node Discovery Address:- The Dmgr reads serverindex.xml file for startup to determine the
hostname or IP port of each node agents is called node_discovery_address. Dmgr want to
communicate with node at that time it requires address called node_discovery_address.

• Node discovery address used by node agent to discover dmgr.

• Defined in the serverindex.xml file of the node.
• Node discover address default value 7272.
Example :-< specialEndPoints
Xmi:id=”Named Endpoint_1” endPointName=”node_discovery_address”>
<endPointXmi:id=”EndPoint_1” host=”websphere.ibm.com” port=”7272”/>
</specialEndPoints>
52
243. What are the different work load management policies algorithms available for Plugins?

Ans: Round Robin and Random generation algorithm

244. What is the difference between self signed certificate and signer certificate?

Self Signed certificate Signer Certificate

• Self signed certificate is commonly called the • The signer certificate term has nothing to do
root signer certificate. with the identity of the organization that
• The self signed certificate is an identity actually performed the signing procedure.
certificate that is signed by the same entity • Signer certificate represents a certificate and
whose identity it certifies. public key associated with some personal
certificate.
245. What is the default thread pool size and where you will configure it?

Ans: The default thread pool size is =20

How to configure:- open Admin console → click on servers → server type→ websphere
application servers→ server name→additional properties→thread pools and select the thread pool
that you need to configure.

246. What are the different types of garbage collection policies?

• Optimal through put
• Optimal average pause
• Generational concurrent (i.e. Gen-Con)
• Sub Pooling
247. What are the different between Public key and private key?

Public Key Private Key

• Public key uses asymmetric cryptography. • Private key uses symmetric cryptography.
• Public key is made available to everyone. • Private key must remain confidential to its
• Public key is more complicated than private respective owner.
key. • Private key is flexible.
• For public key encryption, the message is • For private key encryption the same key is
encrypted with the public key and can only be used to encrypt the message to decrypt it
decrypted with the private key.

248. What is the default Port number of FTP and SFTP?

Ans: FTP port number is : 21, SFTP port number is: 22

53
249. What is dump name space?

Ans: J2EE environments & applications depend on a service called JNDI.

• JNDI service provides a central repository for all J2EE resources (EJB’s, JMS and JDBC and so
on)
• If you start receiving a “name not found” exception, it is a clue that some issue exits with how or
whether the resource is registered in the JNDI name space.
• To invoke a dump name space utility, go to WAS-Root/bin directory and execute the below
command.
• WAS-Root/bin>./dumpnamespace.sh
• The dumpnamespace.sh script has dumps information about websphere name space and it is very
useful when JNDI errors are seen in WAS logs for debugging application.
• This tool is very useful in JNDI problem determination.
250. What are HA (High Availability) manager policies?

Ans: A high availability manager provides

• A framework that allows singleton services to make themselves highly available.

• Bulletin board for exchanging state data between processes.
• Data replication service memory to memory replication.
• HA manager service is a framework that enables components to make singleton services highly
available.
• HA manager service runs in every application server, every node agent and the deployment
manager in websphere clustered environment.
• The HR manager is responsible for running key services on any available application servers in
the cluster.
• The goal of the HA manager is to eliminate single point failure.
• A cell can be divided into multiple high availability domains called as core groups. When you
create a cell, a default core group is created for cell.
251. How to configure singlesignon (SSO)?

Ans: Single sign on (SSO) is a session that permits a user to enter one name & password in order to
access multiple applications.
To enable SSO on websphere application server, Login to admin console →expand security→click
on global security→expand the web and SIP security then select SSO
In the general properties section, specify the following configuration values (i.e. give Domain name)
for SSO and save changes.
252. What the latest fix pack is in WAS all versions?
Ans: The latest fix pack in WAS 6.0 is 6.0.2.43
The latest fix pack in WAS 6.1 is 6.1.0.47
The latest fix pack in WAS 7.0 is 7.0.0.39
The latest fix pack in WAS 8.0 is 8.0.0.11
The latest fix pack in WAS 8.5 is 8.5.5.8

54
253. What information is available in server.xml file and write some parameters with values?

Ans: server.xml file contains server services & all components information. Server.xml file contains
trace section, applications, application profile, TPV, PMI and thread pool managements. Here we can
also change heap memory size.

Parameters: system properties, state management, static providers, service, connectors, properties,
interceptors, plug-ins and thread pool

254. What is the difference between session affinity and session persistence?

Ans: Session Affinity:-Requests from the same client always get routed back to the same server
with in a cluster of servers. Affinity request will be routed to same cluster member, so that
performance will be improved & subsequence request from the same client are no need to process by
different cluster members.

Session persistence:- It specifies how to store the session data, either by using memory to memory
replication or database replication.

In memory to memory replication if JVM restarts all cookies will be deleted.

In database replication, session data will be stored in database, hence cookies won’t get deleted.

255. What is the difference between failover and workload management?

Ans: Failover:- server clusters provides a solutions for failure of an application server. Sessions
created by cluster members in a server cluster share. Therefore any cluster member in the server
cluster has the ability to see any users session saved to persistence storage.

If any one of the cluster member fails, the user can continue to use the session information from
another cluster member in the server cluster. This is called Failover.

Workload Management:- Workload management is a feature in websphere. It provides load

balancing and affinity between application servers in a websphere clustered environment. Workload
management used for distributes the end users request to different cluster members.

256. Which ticketing tool you are using & version?

Ans: BMC Remedy, Version is: 7

Parameters: Case Id, case type, first name, last name, security, priority, status (i.e. pending,
resolved, work in progress, new, assign, closed, scheduled, cancelled), source, escalated yes/no,
summary, notes, ticket description.
257. Which monitoring tool you are using and its version?
Ans: HP Site Scope, Version is: 11

258. What is SSH port number?

Ans: 22

55
259. What is Telnet?

Ans: Telnet (Terminal emulation) that enables a user to connect to a remote host or device using a
telnet client.

Telnet port Number is: 23

260. What is Vmstat?

Ans: Vmstat stands for Virtual memory statistics. Vmstat is a computer system monitoring tool that
collects and displays summary information about OS memory, processes, interrupts, paging and
block I/O, disk and CPU.

261. What is Netstat?

Ans: Netstat provides information and statistics about protocols in use and current TCP/IP network
connections.

Netstat is a command line tool that display network connections for the TCP/IP, routing tables,
network protocol statistics and number of network interfaces.

262. How many applications can deploy under one cluster?

Ans: We can deploy 5 to 6 applications under one cluster that depends on your hardware system.

263. What is the difference between 64 bit and 32 bit?

Ans: Heap size is up to 4GB for 64 bit OS

Heap size is up to 2GB for 32 bit OS

264. What is data center?

Ans: Data center is a place where the application servers are hosted.

265. What is custom profile? If you have node, cell and server name why you are choosing
custom profile?

Ans: In custom profile we will get an empty node and we won’t get any admin console and server to
deploy applications. This node must be federated to the dmgr cell then only it will useful otherwise it
is useless.

Why We can choose the custom profile:

• We can change the server names as per our environment (i.e. easy customization)
• To avoid the complexity.
266. Why we will get 503 error?

Ans: We will get 503 error due to server overloaded.

56
267. What are Minor GC and Major GC (GC-Garbage collector)?

Ans: Heap memory is having two parts.

• Young Generation
• Old Generation

Young generation is having two areas.

• Eden space
• Survivor space0, survivor space1

Whenever user makes a request, at that time of executing your request, an object will be created.

The object will be created initially in Eden space Here GC will occur. After some transactions if any
unused objects found, Garbage collector will sweep those objects. This is called Minor GC.

After multiples minor GC’s, if still the object in minor space, that object will be moved to one of the
survivor space. After that, if that object is still in use then that object will be moved to old
generation.

Here the GC which is collecting unused objects under old generation is called as Major GC.

268. What is Admin Agent Profile?

Ans: We can achieve & can be managed from a single admin console, even though if you have
multiple application server profile nodes. We can add an application server profile node to the admin
agent by using below command.

AdminAgentProfile/bin> ./registerNode.sh -profilePath <specify the absolute path of the profile>.

Here we will get a server called Adminagent.

269. What is Job Manager Profile?

Ans: It is used to achieve a loosely coupled environment where it can communicate with multiple
nodes and multiple Dmgr’s and application servers. But this is not replacement for Dmgr.

270. What is secure proxy profile?

Ans: This profile is mainly used with DMZ (De-militarized zones) secure proxy server. We cannot
start the secure proxy server on the network deployment installation. This profile is intended only to
be used to configure the profile using admin console.

271. What is Liberty profile?

Ans: It is a light weight profile. It provides the runtime environment where we can deploy the
application very fast. The startup time is 5 secs. Here we will be having dropins folders where we
can drop our .war or .ear applications and we can access.

57
272. What is the tool to raise PMR?

Ans: PMR stands for Problem Management Record. We will use Service Request tool to raise a
PMR.

273. What is the use of SSL?

Ans: SSL is to provide secure communication between client and server. SSL used encryption and
decryption technology between client and server.

274. How to configure heap size in WAS 8.5?

Ans: 3 ways we can configure heap size in WAS 8.5.

• Using Admin console (Go to admin control → servers → java & process management →
process definition → java virtual machine.)
• By editing the configuration files (server.xml) (i.e. go to profile-home /config /cells/ cellname
/nodes /nodename/servers/servername/server.xml)
• Edit the server.xml file and specify initial heap size, maximum heap size of the element. i.e.
<jvm entries> then restart the server.
• By using wsadmin scripts
275. Is it possible to check Database port number in admin console?
Ans: There is no scope to check database port number in admin console. We need to contact DB
team.
276. I want to load a static file in IHS? Where can I put?
Ans: htdocs. It will be available under /opt/HTTPServer/ directory.
277. How can you find workload management in Application server?
Ans: It will be available in plugin-cfg.xml
278. What is the communication between database and application server?

Ans: JNDI & Data Source

279. How will you get password while creating SSL?

Ans: Stach file

280. Do you know javaconfig.sh?

Ans: Sorry I don’t know. May be it is environment specific file. In WAS-Root & WAS-Root/profiles
we don’t have javaconfig.sh file.

281. What is the uname in the uname –m command?

Ans: Uname means Unix Name, M means Machine.

282. What is Compatibility of IHS?

Ans: Higher version of HIS won’t suit for lower version of WAS.

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Ex: HIS 7.0 won’t suit for WAS 6.0 & 6.1

Lower version of IHS will suit for higher version of WAS.

Ex: IHS 7.0 will suit for WAS 7.0, 8.0 & 8.5

283. What is hot deployment?

Ans: Placing the .war or .ear file directly in installed apps directly.

i.e. WAS-Root/profiles/profilename/installedapps/cellName/applicationName.war or
applicationname.ear

284. Which type of driver you are using?

Ans: Type 4 Driver

285. If you update the application, you need to generate plug-in or not?

Ans: If application update contains context root or virtual host updates then we need to generate
Plugins. Otherwise no need to generate Plugins.

286. If you don’t have any tickets today, what you will do?

Ans: I will prepare document for newly raised issues and I will go through the documents of
previously resolved issues.

287. Why are you giving –k in apachectl –k start command?

Ans: ./Apachectl –k start here –k is for graceful start and stop.

288. What is server IO time out, retry interval and refresh interval?

Ans: Server IO time out:- It defines the request forwarded to one cluster member and if it is down,
then it must be routed to another class member. The request shifting to another cluster member
depends on server IO timeout. By default it is 120 secs.

If you give +60 sec, it defines that, plug-in will not mark the application server down even server IO
timeout reaches. So the plug-in will keep on sending the request to the particular application server.

If you give -60 sec, it defines that, plugin will mark the application server down, after server IO
timeout exceeds. Then immediately it will send the request to another application server with in the
same cluster.

Retry interval:- It is the time, that the plugin will wait before for trying again to use an application
server that was marked down. Optional value for retry interval depends on number of application
servers in the cluster and the value used for server IO timeout.

Refresh interval:- Specifies the time interval in seconds at which plugin checks the configuration
file to see if updates or changes have occurred. If the plugin reloads fails for some reason a message
is written to the plugin.log file. Default: 60 sec

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289. How to stop request to one of the cluster member?

Ans: To stop one of the cluster member, make the response weight is zero (i.e. 0) in plugin-cfg.xml
file. Or we can select idle for particular cluster member in admin console.

290. What is shared libraries?

Ans: Instead of copying common jar files to different applications, we can configure in one location
called Shared Libraries. Hence everyone can use these jar files.

291. What is the command to trace the logs with details information, if the server is not
started?

Ans: Go to profiles/Dmgr/bin directory and execute the below command.

Dmgr/bin>./startServer servername –trace

Here we will get detailed error information.

292. What is SHA?

Ans: SHA stands for Signature Hash Algorithm. If you create a profile default certificates will get
created. These certificates will use SHA.

293. What is Data Centre?

Ans: Data center is the place where the application servers are hosted.

294. How to deploy an application for a cluster member?

Ans: Go to wsadmin.sh and execute the below command.

Wsadmin>AdminApp.install(‘/home/admin/applications/standarbankinfo.ear’,’[-node nodename, -
host hostname, server=clustermember1]’)

Note: Here we can deploy .ear file under particular cluster member. Whereas .war file we cannot
deploy.

295. How to install, uninstall the application using command line/wsadmin objects?

Ans: Go to Dmgr/bin directory and execute ./wsadmin.sh -lang jython command

Wsadmin>AdminApp.install(‘/home/admin/applications/standarbankinfo.ear’,’[-node nodename, -
host hostname, server=clustermember1]’) → for installing application using script

Wsadmin>AdminConfig.save() → for save the changes

Wsadmin>AdminApp.uninstall(‘standarbankinfo.ear’)→ for uninstalling application using script

Wsadmin>AdminConfig.save() → for save the changes

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296. How to start, stop server, get Port, get Node, get Host in command line or wsadmin?
Ans: Go to Dmgr/bin directory and execute ./wsadmin.sh -lang jython command.
Wsadmin> AdminControl.getPort()→ shows SOAP connector port number of Dmgr
Wsadmin> AdminControl.getNode()→ shows node of Dmgr
Wsadmin> AdminControl.getHost()→ shows host name of Dmgr
Wsadmin> AdminControl.stopServer(‘servername’,’nodename’)
Wsadmin> AdminControl.startServer(‘servername’,’nodename’)
297. How will you identify there is a memory leak?
(or)
How will you analyse the heap dumps?

• I will open the heap analyser (hs453.jar)

• I will open heap dump by using heap analyser. Here there is an option called leak
suspects , if I select this leak suspects, if there are any here it will display.
• Now I will take a screen shot of these and send this screen shot to the application team.
298. How will you analyse the thread dumps?
• I will open the dump by using thread analyser (jca457.jar)
• I will try to find is there any blocked threads. If there are any blocked threads, i will
check that thread is causing due to any application classes or resources.
• If any application classes, I will inform to the application team.
• This is what I am going to do regarding thread dump analyser
299. Explain steps to configure IHS webserver with Appserver?
• Go to your software location
/home/Desktop/was-7.0/IHS
• Take a backup of response file
Ex: /tmp/IHSresponsefile.txt
• Edit the backup response file
Ex: vi IHSresponsefile.txt
• Modify the mandatory parameters
License acceptance =”true”
Uncomment the disable prerequisite checking
Installation path =”/opt/IHS”
User groups =”false”
Win services start type =”manual”
Install Plugins =”false”
Was hostname =”localhost”

Now save the file by using esc +shift+:wq

• Execute the command ,

./install –options <modified response file path> -silent
• If installation is success we will get a message INSTCONFSUCCESS in IHS/logs/log.txt
file

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300. Steps to configure Plugins (installation)?
• Go to your software location
Ex: /opt/softwares/was-7.0/Plugins
• Take a backup of response file
Ex: /tmp/Plugin-responsefile.txt
• Edit the backup response file
Ex: vi Plugin-responsefile.txt
• Modify the mandatory parameters
License acceptance =”true”
Uncomment disable OS pre-requisites =”true”
Plugin destination -opt install location =”/opt/plugin-7.0”
WAS existing location =”/opt/IBM-ND-7.0/websphere/Appserver”
-opt webserver selected =”his”
IHS admin port =”8008”
Webserver config file =”/opt/HIS/HTTPServer/conf/httpd.conf”
Was machine host name =”localhost”
Profile name =”dmgr01”
Save the file by using esc+shift+:wq
• Execute the command
./install –options <modified responsefile path> -silent
• If installation is success we will get a message INSTCONFSUCCESS in
/opt/Plugins/logs/log.txt file.

301. IHS and Plugin configuration with Appserver?

• Install webserver
• Install Plugins, while installing Plugins specify the webserver to configure, httpd.conf
file location , WAS-ROOT location, webserver port number , webserver definition and
profile name.
• After installing Plugins , generate Plugin file by using GenPluginCfg.sh under
dmgr01/bin> directory path.
• Copy that generated plugin-cfg.xml file and paste it into the location which is pointed by
the httpd.conf file.
• Restart your webserver if necessary
• Generated plugin-cfg.xml file will be under
<dmgr profile-home>/config/cells directory
• Copy plugin-cfg.xml file and go to /opt/IHS/conf →open httpd.conf file →go to last of
the file. Here one path is pointing go to that path, take a backup of old plugin-cfg.xml
and paste the new plugin-cfg.xml file.
• Now restart the webserver, start the node agent, start your server , start your admin
console.

302. How to configure fix pack by using silent mode?

• Go to update installer software location
Ex: /root/Desktop/update Installer/

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• Take a backup of the response file
Ex: /tmp/responsefile.txt
• Open the backup response file and modify the following parameters
License acceptance =”true”
Uncomment –opt disable OS prereq checking =”true”
Uncomment and modify the installation location of linux
Ex: -opt install location =”/opt/IBM-7.0/updateinstaller
Comment the windows default installation location

save the file by using esc+shift+:wq

• Execute the command as follows

Updateinstaller>./install –options <modified responsefile path> -silent
• If it installed successfully a log file should display with INSTCONFSUCCESS under
/opt/IBM/updateinstaller/logs/log.txt file
• Go to updateinstaller/responsefiles/ directory, here install.txt file should display , take a
backup of that file.
• Open the backup install.txt file and modify the parameters
Uncomment file permissions –opt checkfilepermisions =”true”
Uncomment product location and give valid was product location
Ex: -w product location =”/opt/IBM-7.0/websphere/Appserver
• Give the valid fix pack absolute path
Ex: -w maintenance package =”/home/admin/Desktop/packs/7.0.0-ws-was-linux32-
FP0000037.pack

Now save the file by using esc+shift:wq

• Now go to was-root/bin>./backupconfig.sh
• Execute the following command under update Installer directory
Updateinstaller>./update –options <modified responsefile path> -silent
Note:
Before executing above command need to take all was backup by usinf,
./backupconfig.sh under was-root/bin> directory.
• After installation has been successful ,
• Go to was-root/logs/update directory

Here updateconfigCIM.log, updateconfig.log files should display with a message

INSTCONFSUCCESS

• Now go to was-root/bin> directory and execute the command ./versionifo.sh

• Here the update version should display.
• Now start all servers and access the admin console and applications.
• If anything goes wrong you can restore the previous version by using the command
called ./restoreConfig.sh
Go to was-root/bin>./restoreConfig.sh (make sure all servers has to be down)

NOTE: We can do fix packs for HIS, Plugins and WAS

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303. What is the fail over and load balancing?
Fail over:
Server cluster provides a solution for failure of an application server.
• Sessions created by cluster members in a server cluster share.
• Therefore any cluster member in the server cluster has the ability to see an users session
saved to persistence storage.
• If any one of the cluster member fails, the user can continue to use the session
information from another cluster member in the server cluster. This is known as failover.

Load balancing:

Load balancing groups use algorithm to make load balancing decisions. The decisions
determines to which remote server to forward a new connection.

304. What is class loader? What are the types of class loaders?
Class loader is a component under JVM which loads jar files into the JVM.

Types of class loader:

1. JVM class loader
2. Websphere extension class loader
3. Websphere server class loader
4. Application module class loader
5. Web module class loader
If you go to WAS-root/lib directory, here we will be having websphere jar files.
305. What is the use of federated repository?

We can configure users with multiple repositories by using federated repository. It can be a file
based repository or LDAP repository. This is new feature from 6.1 version, which enables access
to multiple repositories.

306. Difference between component managed and container managed?

Component Managed: It is used when the resource is configured in the EJB’s deployment
descriptor. Resources authentication property is set to application.

Container managed: It uses when the resources configured in the EJB’s deployment descriptor.
Resources authentication property is set to container.

307. What is the difference you noticed during .ear file and .war file deployment?

While deploying an application, we have to provide context root for .war file deployment. But,
not required for .ear files.

308. What is the difference between update and rollout update?

Update: After deployment there is necessary to add classes or features to update the application.

Rollout Update: Applications will be start and stop one by one in one cluster, then it will go to
next cluster

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 309. What are the class loader policies?
A class loader policy defines how many number of class loaders to be created. Two types of
class loader policies.

1. Under server level:

1. Single 2. Multiple

2. Under Application level:

1. Application 2. Module

Single:

A single application class loader will be created for all the applications in JVM.

Multiple:

For each and every application a separate application module class loader will be
created in JVM.

Application:

If a class loader policy under application level is application, web module

class loader will not be created for that application.

All the web module jar’s will be loaded by application class loader itself.

Module:

If a class loader policy under application level is module, web module class loader will
be created for that application. All the web module jar’s will be loaded by web module class
loader.

310. What is Delegation mode in class loader?

There are two delegation modes.
1. PARENT-FIRST
2. PARENT-LAST

If the delegation mode is parent-first, the parent class loader will be loaded before
the child class loader.

If the delegation mode is parent-last, parent class loader will be loaded after the
application class loader.

311. What is a core group? What are core group policies?

• A core group is a Component of the high Availability manager function.
• A core group is a Component of websphere Application server cell process.

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 • A default core group is created for each cell in the websphere application server
environment.
• A core group can contains stand alone server, cluster member, node agents and the
deployment manager .
• A core group must contain atleast one node agent (or) DMGR.
Policies:

• One of N
• Static policy
• No op policy
• M of N policy
• All active policy
312. What is difference between HTTP and HTTPS?

HTTP HTTPS

1. Url begins with http:// 1. Url begins with https://

2. It uses port 80 for communication. 2. It uses port 443 for communication.
3. Unsecured operates at application layer. 3. Secured operates at transaction layer.
4. No encryption. 4. Encryption is present.
5. No certificates required. 5. Certificates required.

8.5 WAS Installation:

313. Steps to Install liberty Profile in WAS 8.5?

Ans: Go to your software Location (i.e., liberty profile software location
/home/admin/desktop/libertyprofiles)

• Extract The rpm file by using below command.

→rpm –ivh jre.7u65-linux-1586.rpm

• Extract the jar file by using below command

→Java –jar wlp-developers-runtime-8.5.5.4.jar
Press enter→enter→type 1 and enter →give yes, Now enter ll command. Here WLP folder will be
created.

• Now Go to WLP/bin directory.

• Create one server by using ./server create server1 command.
• Start a server by using ./server start server1 command.
• Now go to libertyprofile/wlp/usr/servers/server1/dropins directory and copy and paste your
applications.
• Now go to wlp/bin stop and start your servers by using below commands.
• ./server stop server1
• ./server start server1
• Now access your application.

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 314. How to install IHS by using IMCL in WAS 8.5?
Go to IM installed location eclipse/tools directory (i.e /opt/installedmanager/eclipse/tools)
→Execute the below commend.
Eclipse/tools>./imcl install com.ibm.webspheare.IHSILAN.v8 (i.e disk tag ID of HIS) -
repositories /home/admin/desktop/linex-WAS-8.5/HIS/repositories config (i.e HIS config
file path) -installation Directory /opt/IHS-8.5/ -acceptLicense –properties user.
ihs.httpport=80 -showProgress.
→After successful installation we will get a message called INSTCONFSUCESS in
postinstal.log file
(path: /opt/HIS-8./logs/postinstall/directory.
315. How to install plugins by using IMCL in WAS 8.5?
Go to IM installed location eclipse/tools directory.
(i.e /opt/installation manager/eclipse/tools)
→Now execute the bellow command
Eclipse/ tools>./imcl install com.ibm.websphere.PLUGILAN.v85 (i.e disk tag id of plugin) -
repositories /home/admin/desktop/WAS-8.5/plugins/repository.config –installationDirectory
/opt/plugins-8.5/ -acceptLicense -showProgress
→In 8.5 plugin-cfg.xml file will be in /opt/plugins/config/templates/directory
→A log with INST CONFSUCCESS message should display in postinstall.log file. s(path:
/opt/plugin-8.5/logs/post install/fixpack/directory).

Linux Commands:

316. Command to list the files which are modified before 10 days?

Ans: find . –mtime +10 (or) find /directory path -atime +10

Here –mtime +10 means you are looking for file modified 10 days ago.

-mtime -10 means less than 10 days, -mtime 10 means exactly 10 days.

Command to deleting all the file which is older than 10 days as below

find /directory path -atime +10 -delete

317. Command to find the files which are more than 100MB size?

Ans: find /directory -size +10M

Example: find /root –size +10M or find . –size +10M

318. Command to copy a file from one unix box to another Unix box?

Ans: scp <filename> <username>@<ipaddress>:<path where you needs to copy>

Ex: scp sample.txt [email protected]:/root/home/

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 319. What is the use of nslookup command?

Ans: nslookup command will display domain name, IP address and alias information for the given
host.

Example:- nslookup 192.168.1.12

320. What is the command to connect remote systems?

Ans: telnet hostname or IP adress

Ex: telnet 192.168.1.12 (or) ftp 192.168.1.12 (or) ssh 192.168.1.12

321. What is the use of “sudo” command?

Ans: Sudo means super user do. Sudo allows a permitted user to execute a command as the super
user or another user.

322. How to find open files associated with a particular process?

Ans: $ ps –ef | grep <process name>

Example: ps –ef | grep httpd

323. How to list the processors?

Ans: ps

324. How to find all subdirectories in Unix?

Ans: ls -lt

325. How to bring a process to foreground?

Ans: fg <pid>

Ex: fg 2601

326. How to run a process in the background?

Ans: put & symbol at the end of the command

Example: ./install –options /opt/res ponsfile.sh –silent &

327. How to delete a string in a file?

Ans: sed -e “s/oldstring//g” -i filename

Ex: sed -e “s/loglevel//g” -i log.txt

sed -e “s/loglevel//g” -i.backup log.txt → here first it will take backup with filename log.txt then
delete a string in log.txt file.

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328. Command to find the files which are owned by a particular user?

Ans: find . –user <username>

Example: find /var -user admin

329. What is the difference between kill-3, kill-9, kill-15 command?

Ans: kill -3 <pid> → to generate the thread and heap dumps

Kill -9 <pid> → kill the process forcefully

Kill -15 <pid> → it will wait to kill the process until child processors are killed.

330. How to check the connectivity between two unix boxes?

Ans: ping <ip-address>

Ex: ping 192.168.1.3

331. Command to find and delete multiple files which ends with .txt?

Ans: find -name *.txt → here it will display all log files under particular directory.

rm *.txt → it will delete all the .txt files under particular directory

332. Command to find empty directories?

Ans: find –type d -empty

333. What is the command to find a process id with a port number?

Ans: netstat –antp | grep <port number>

334. What is the command to find a port number with process id?

Ans: netstat –antp | grep <process Id>

335. How to search a string in a file and to search a string in multiple files?

Ans: grep “string” <filename> or grep “string” <file1> <file2 >

Example:- grep “loglevel” web.xml or grep “log” web.xml log.txt

336. What is the command to find & replace a string in a file?

Ans: sed -i “s/oldstring/newstring/g” filename

Ex: sed -i “s/loglevel/logs/g” log.txt

337. What is the command to find disk space, free memory, compatibility and CPU utilization?

Ans: disk space:- df -m (or) df -k (or) df -m /directory name

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Free memory:- free –m (or) free -k (or) free –m /directory

Compatibility:- arch (or) uname –m

CPU utilization:- top
338. How to read runtime log file?

Ans: tail -f filename

Example: tail –f log.txt

339. How to change the file permissions or what is the command to change file permissions?

Ans: chmod

340. How to change the ownership or what is the command to change ownership?

Ans: chown

Example: chown root: root: log.txt

341. What is the command to find an IP address?

Ans: In Linux OS → ifconfig

In Windows OS→ ipconfig

342. How to create a tar file and extract a tar file?

Ans: create tar file:- tar -cvf filename.tar.gz filename

Example: tar -cvf plugin.txt.tar.gz plugin.txt

Extract tar file:- tar –xvf filename.tar.gz

343. What is the command to check the java running processors?

Ans: ps –ef | grep java

344. How to find OS version in Linux?

Ans: cat /etc/*release or more /etc/*release

345. How to search a word in a opened file?

Ans: /<word-name> example: /loglevel
346. Command to find what is the process under particular user?
Ans: ps u <username>
Example: ps -u root
Ps → to list the processes
Ps –ef → to know complete information about the running process
Ps -A → to display running process

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347. Vi editor commands?

Ans: I → Place the cursor at beginning of the current line.

i→ Place the cursor at left side of the cursor

A→ place the cursor at end of the cursor line

a→ Place the cursor at right side of the cursor

o→ insert new line below of the cursor

O→insert new line above of the cursor

b→ word beginning

e→ word ending

$ → end of the current line

^ → beginning of the current line

H → beginning of the current page

M → middle of the current page

L→ end of the current page

Ctrl + F → page down

Ctrl + b → page up

x → to delete current character

X → to delete previous character

dw → delete current word

dd or cc → delete entire current line

yw → to copy a word

yy → to copy a line

p → paste

u → undo

zz → save & quit

348. How do you find out HTTP server (webserver) process are running or not?
Ans: ps -ef | grep httpd (or) service httpd status

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349. If firewall is blocking one port number? How do you findout?

Ans: netstat -antp | grep <portnumber>

(Or) netstat -ntlup | grep <portnumber>

350. How to nullify a file? what is the command?

Ans: cat /dev/null > <file name> Ex: cat /dev/null log.txt

Before nullifying we need to take the backup. Here it won’t delete file. It will delete only content in
the file.

351. How to check present working shell?

Ans: echo shell

352. How to find the java version?

Ans: java -version

353. How to mount a file name?

Ans: mount <file system name> <where to mount>

Ex: mount /div/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

354. What is the command to find the zombie process and how to kill zombie process in linux?

Ans: Find zombie process:- ps ax | grep z (or) ps ax | grep w

Killing zombie process:- sudo kill -s SIGCHLD ppid

Ex: sudo kill -g 250

355. What is the command to check number of request it into webserver?

Ans:- netstat | grep http |wc -l

356. How to find top 5 high CPU utilization process, top 5 processes and top 5 high disk
utilization ?

Ans: Top 5 high CPU utilization:- ps auxf | sort -nr -k 3 | head -5

Top 5 proessors:- ps u | sort –k1 -r | head -5

Top 5 high disk utilization:- du -sm * | sort -nr | head -5

357. What is the command to check the number of request it into webserver?

Ans: netstat | grep http | wc - l

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358. How many ways we can create a file in Linux?

Ans: 5 ways

• cat > file name

• touch file name
• vi file name
• echo > file name
• vim file name

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