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B 1 / Lesson 1 (b)
VOCABULARY

1. endurance – chidam, bardosh

Long-distance running requires a lot of endurance.
2. abandoned [adj] – tashlab ketilgan
The abandoned house looked scary at night.
3. against all odds [phrase] – barcha qiyinchiliklarga qaramay
Against all odds, they completed the project on time.
4. barely [adv] – zo‘rg‘a, deyarli emas
He barely passed the exam.
5. branch [n] – shox, novda
The bird was sitting on a tree branch.
6. breathe [v] – nafas olmoq
Take a deep breath and relax.
7. catastrophic [adj] – falokatli, vayron qiluvchi
The earthquake had catastrophic effects on the city.
8. coconuts [n] – kokoslar
We drank fresh coconut juice on the beach.
9. cover (=travel a distance) [v] – masofani bosib o‘tmoq
We covered over 100 kilometers in one day.
10. crawl [v] – emaklab yurmoq
The baby started to crawl last week.
11. damage (v.+n.) – shikast yetkazmoq / zarar
The storm damaged the roof.
The damage to the building was severe.
12. dig [v] – qazimoq
They are digging a hole for the new tree.
13. drag [v] – sudramoq
She dragged her suitcase across the floor.
14. drop (temperature) [v] – tushmoq, pasaymoq
The temperature dropped suddenly last night.
15. drown [v] – cho‘kmoq
He drowned while swimming in the deep lake.
16. eventually [adv] – oxir-oqibat, nihoyat
Eventually, they found the lost child.
17. extreme conditions [n] – og‘ir (ekstremal) sharoitlar
The team survived in extreme conditions during the expedition.
18. float (v.) [v] – suzmoq (suv yuzasida)
The leaf floated on the surface of the water.
19. footprint [n] – oyoq izi
They followed the footprints in the snow.
20. force (v.) [v] – majburlamoq
The storm forced them to leave early.

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B 1 / Lesson 1 (b)
21. form (v.) [v] – shakllanmoq, hosil bo‘lmoq
Clouds began to form over the mountains.
22. harm (v.+n.) [v/n] – zarar yetkazmoq / zarar
The chemicals may harm the environment.
He did a lot of harm to the project.
23. hiker [n] – sayohatchi (piyoda yuruvchi)
The hiker lost his way in the forest.
24. igloo [n] – muz uycha (eskimoslar uyi)
They built an igloo to stay warm in the snow.
25. injure [v] – jarohatlamoq
He injured his leg while playing football.
26. one by one [adv] – bittalab, ketma-ket
The students left the room one by one.
27. oxygen [n] – kislorod
Plants produce oxygen during photosynthesis.
28. passerby [n] – yo‘lovchi (tasodifiy)
A passerby helped the injured cyclist.
29. ranger [n] – qo‘riqchi (milliy parkda ishlovchi)
The ranger guided us through the national park.
30. recover [v] – sog‘aymoq, tiklanmoq
He recovered quickly after the surgery.
31. ruin (v.) [v] – vayron qilmoq, buzmoq
The flood ruined many homes.
32. several [adj] – bir nechta
Several people were rescued from the boat.
33. shelter [n] – boshpana, panoh
They found shelter under a rock during the storm.
34. signal (v.) [v] – ishora qilmoq
He signaled for help with a flashlight.
35. spot (v.) [v] – ko‘rib qolmoq, payqab qolmoq
They spotted a bear near the campsite.
36. strike (tsunami) [v] – urmoq, zarba bermoq
The tsunami struck the coast suddenly.
37. stunned [adj] – hayratda qolgan, karaxt
She was stunned by the news.
38. supplies [n] – kerakli narsalar, ta’minot
We packed enough supplies for the trip.
39. survivor [n] – omon qolgan
The only survivor of the crash was a child.
40. trapped [adj] – tuzoqqa tushgan, chiqolmay qolgan
The miners were trapped underground for two days.
41. treat (v.) (at hospital) [v] – davolamoq
The doctor treated him for a broken arm.

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B 1 / Lesson 1 (b)
42. wave (v.) [v] – qo‘l silkitmoq
She waved goodbye as the train left the station
43. ambulance [n] – tez yordam mashinasi
The ambulance arrived at the scene in five minutes.
44. block (v.) [v] – to‘smoq, to‘siq bo‘lmoq
A fallen tree blocked the road.
45. bystander [n] – guvoh, tomoshabin
A bystander called the police immediately.
46. emergency services [n] – favqulodda xizmatlar
Emergency services responded quickly to the accident.
47. jungle [n] – o‘rmon, jungli
They explored the jungle during their adventure tour.
48. land (v.) [v] – qo‘nmoq (samolyot), tushmoq
The plane landed safely despite the storm.
49. overturn [v] – ag‘darilmoq, ag‘darib yubormoq
The truck overturned on a slippery road.
50. possibility [n] – ehtimol, imkoniyat
There is a possibility of rain later today.
51. resident [n] – aholi vakili, mahalliy fuqaro
The residents were asked to evacuate the area.
52. skid [v] – sirpanmoq (avtomobil)
The car skidded on the icy road.
53. slide (v.) [v] – sirpanmoq, sirg‘almoq
The child slid down the snowy hill.
54. violent [adj] – zo‘ravon, kuchli
The protest turned violent when police arrived.
55. blizzard [n] – qor bo‘roni
The blizzard lasted for more than two hours.
56. blow [v] – esmoq (shamol)
The wind blew strongly all night.
57. boiling [adj] – qaynab turgan, juda issiq
It was a boiling hot day in the desert.
58. breeze [n] – yengil shabada
A cool breeze came through the window.
59. chilly [adj] – salqin, sovuq
It’s a bit chilly this morning — wear a jacket.
60. clear skies [n] – musaffo osmon
We had clear skies throughout the weekend.
61. drizzle (v.) [v] – mayda yomg‘ir yog‘moq
It’s drizzling outside, take an umbrella.
62. dull [adj] – zerikarli, bulutli (ob-havo uchun)
The weather was dull and grey all day.

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B 1 / Lesson 1 (b)
63. foggy [adj] – tumanli
It was too foggy to see the road clearly.
64. freezing [adj] – muzday, juda sovuq
It’s freezing outside — don’t forget your gloves!
65. icy [adj] – muzlagan, silliq
Be careful, the roads are icy this morning.
66. lightning [n] – chaqmoq
The lightning lit up the entire sky.
67. mild [adj] – yumshoq, iliq
The weather was mild, so we decided to go for a walk.
68. overcast [adj] – bulutli, quyoshsiz
The sky was overcast and grey all day.
69. pour (v) – quymoq (yomg'ir haqida)
It started to pour just as we left the house.
70. shine [v] – porlamoq (quyosh)
The sun began to shine after the rain stopped.
71. shower [n] – qisqa yomg'ir
There was a light shower in the afternoon.
72. snowstorm [n] – qor bo‘roni
A heavy snowstorm blocked the roads last night.
73. thunder [n] – momaqaldiroq
We heard loud thunder during the night.

Grammar
Past Simple Tense (O‘tgan oddiy zamon)

Bu zamon ish-harakatning o‘tgan vaqtda sodir bo‘lganini ifodalaydi. Odatda aniq vaqt
ko‘rsatiladi: yesterday, last week, in 2000, two days ago va hokazo.

FE’LNING TUZILISHI (Formulas)

1. Affirmative (ijobiy gap):

Subject + V2 (past tense of verb) + ...

Misol:
– I visited my grandmother yesterday.
– She cooked dinner last night.

❗Regulyar fe’llar (regular verbs) oxiriga “-ed” qo‘shiladi: play → played

❗Noto‘g‘ri fe’llar (irregular verbs) ikkinchi shaklga o‘tadi: go → went, eat → ate

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B 1 / Lesson 1 (b)
2. Negative (inkor gap):

Subject + did not (didn’t) + V1 + ...

Misol:
– I didn’t watch TV yesterday.
– He didn’t go to school last Monday.

❗Eslatma: Inkorda fe’l doim 1-shaklda bo‘ladi.

3. Interrogative (so‘roq gap):

Did + subject + V1 + ...?

Misol:
– Did you play football yesterday?
– Did they visit you last week?

MUHIM QOIDA VA BIRLIKLAR

 “Did” yordamchi fe’li barcha shaxslar bilan ishlatiladi.

 Fe’l faqat ijobiy gapda 2-shaklda bo‘ladi, inkor va so‘roq gapda 1-shakl (infinitive)da
yoziladi.
 Ko‘p ishlatiladigan vaqt ko‘rsatkichlari:
o yesterday
o last night/week/year
o in 1999
o two days ago

PRACTICE:
1. Fe’lni to‘g‘ri shaklga keltiring (V2 yoki V1, kerakli shaklda yozing):

1. I __________ (go) to the market yesterday.

2. She __________ (not watch) the movie last night.
3. __________ you __________ (visit) your aunt last weekend?
4. They __________ (play) football two days ago.
5. My brother __________ (not eat) anything in the morning.
6. __________ he __________ (call) you yesterday?
7. We __________ (have) a party last Friday.
8. The dog __________ (run) away from the garden.
9. I __________ (not find) my keys.
10. __________ she __________ (read) the book last week?

2. Gap tuzing (berilgan so‘zlardan foydalangan holda to‘g‘ri past simple gap
tuzing):

Misol: (you / clean / the room / yesterday?) → Did you clean the room yesterday?

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B 1 / Lesson 1 (b)
1. (I / visit / my cousin / last summer)
2. (they / not / finish / the project / on time)
3. (he / go / to school / yesterday?)
4. (we / enjoy / the concert / last night)
5. (my father / not / drive / to work / this morning)

3. To‘g‘ri yoki noto‘g‘ri? (Correct or Incorrect?)

Har bir gapni o‘qing va grammatik jihatdan to‘g‘ri (T) yoki noto‘g‘ri (N) deb belgilang. Agar
noto‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, to‘g‘ri shaklini yozing.

1. She didn’t went to school yesterday.

2. We watched a great film last night.
3. Did they visited the museum?
4. He didn’t play football last Sunday.
5. My parents buyed a new car in 2020.

4. Bo‘sh joylarni to‘ldiring (Fill in the blanks):

Quyidagi bo‘sh joylarga fe’llarning past simple shaklini yozing.

1. The sun __________ (shine) all day yesterday.

2. I __________ (lose) my phone last night.
3. They __________ (not come) to the party.
4. We __________ (see) a shooting star.
5. She __________ (not understand) the question.

5. O‘zbekchadan tarjima qiling (Translate into English):

1. Men kecha film tomosha qildim.

2. Ular o‘tgan hafta futbol o‘ynashmadi.
3. Siz maktabga bordingizmi?
4. Biz do‘stimizni ko‘rdik.
5. U (qiz) nonushta qilmadi.

Speaking Practice Task

📝 Sample Answer:

Local Man Rescues Dog from Frozen Lake

A dramatic rescue took place yesterday afternoon in Greenfield Park when a local man jumped
into a frozen lake to save a dog. Witnesses said the dog had run out onto the thin ice while chasing
a bird and had fallen through. The man, who was walking nearby, quickly took off his coat and
crawled across the ice to reach the struggling animal. Despite the freezing temperatures, he
managed to pull the dog out and bring it safely to shore. Paramedics arrived shortly after and
treated the man for mild hypothermia. The dog was also checked and appeared to be unharmed.
According to park officials, warning signs about thin ice had been posted earlier that day.

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