Grade 12 Computer Applications Technology: Network and
Internet Technologies
Grade 12 Computer Applications Technology: Network and Internet Technologies
1. Topic Overview
Main Concept/Theme:
Understanding network and internet technologies is crucial for leveraging modern communication and
computing resources. This topic covers the fundamentals of network types, network topologies,
protocols, internet technologies, and security issues.
Key Learning Objectives:
Define and explain various types of networks and network topologies.
Understand and describe the roles of different networking devices.
Explain the function of network protocols.
Discuss internet technologies such as the World Wide Web, email, and cloud computing.
Outline the basics of network security and ethical concerns related to internet use.
2. Key Terms and Definitions
Network: A group of two or more computer systems linked together.
LAN (Local Area Network): A network that covers a small geographical area.
WAN (Wide Area Network): A network that spans a large geographical area.
Topology: The arrangement of different elements (links, nodes, etc.) in a computer network.
Protocol: A set of rules and conventions for data communication between network devices.
Router: A device that forwards data packets between computer networks.
Switch: A device in a network that connects devices together and uses packet switching to
forward data.
Firewall: A network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing
network traffic.
IP Address: A unique address assigned to each device on a network.
DNS (Domain Name System): Converts domain names into IP addresses.
HTTP/HTTPS: Hypertext Transfer Protocol/Secure, used for transmitting web pages.
FTP: File Transfer Protocol, used for transferring files.
Cloud Computing: Delivery of computing services over the internet.
3. Main Content Sections
3.1 Types of Networks
LAN (Local Area Network)
Used within a small area like a building or campus.
Higher data transfer rates and low latency.
WAN (Wide Area Network)
Covers larger geographical areas.
Connects multiple LANs.
Lower data transfer rates than LANs due to broader coverage.
3.2 Network Topologies
Star Topology
All computers connect to a central hub.
Easy to manage but if the central hub fails, the network goes down.
Bus Topology
All devices connected to a single central cable (bus).
Easy to install but hard to troubleshoot.
Ring Topology
Each device connected to two other devices forming a ring.
Data travels in one direction which can increase latency.
3.3 Network Devices
Router
Directs data packets between networks.
Can connect different types of networks (e.g., LAN to WAN).
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Switch
Filters and forwards packets between LAN segments.
Operates at the data link layer.
Firewall
Protects against unauthorized access.
Can be hardware or software-based.
3.4 Network Protocols
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
Foundation of internet networking.
TCP ensures reliable data transmission.
IP handles addressing and routing of packets.
HTTP/HTTPS
Protocols for accessing the web.
HTTPS uses TLS for security.
FTP
Used for file transfer between computers.
Requires both a client and server application.
3.5 Internet Technologies
World Wide Web (WWW)
System of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the internet.
Uses web browsers to access web pages.
Email
Electronic communication method.
Uses protocols like SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and IMAP (Internet Message
Access Protocol).
Cloud Computing
Provides services like storage, processing over the internet.
Examples include Google Drive, AWS, and Microsoft Azure.
4. Example
Example 1: Setting Up a Small LAN
Imagine you are setting up a small office network with five computers. You decide to use a star
topology. List the equipment needed and explain the setup process.
– Equipment Needed: 5 computers, 1 switch/hub, Ethernet cables.
– Setup Process:
1. Connect each computer to the switch using Ethernet cables.
2. Ensure the switch is powered and configure IP addresses for each computer to enable
communication.
Example 2: Using a Router for Home Networking
You need to set up a home network where multiple devices can connect to the internet. Explain how a
router can be used for this purpose.
– Setup:
1. Connect the router to the internet modem.
2. Configure the router settings (e.g., SSID, password).
3. Connect devices (laptops, smartphones) to the router via Wi-Fi or Ethernet.
5. Summary
In this section, you learned about:
– The different types of networks (LAN and WAN) and their characteristics.
– Various network topologies and how they impact network performance.
– Key network devices like routers, switches, and firewalls.
– The role of protocols in data transmission and internet communication.
– Internet technologies such as the World Wide Web, email, and cloud computing.
– Basic network security concerns.
6. Self-Assessment Questions
1. Multiple Choice: Which of the following topologies uses a central hub?
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2. a) Bus
3. b) Star
4. c) Ring
5. d) Mesh
6. Open-Ended: Explain how a firewall protects a network.
7. True or False: A WAN covers a small geographical area like an office building.
8. Fill in the Blank: _ is the protocol used to transfer files between computers on a network.
9. Short Answer: Describe the main purpose of a router in a network.
7. Connections to Other Topics/Subjects
Technology in Business Studies: Understanding LANs and WANs can help when
discussing communication in business settings.
IT and Computer Science: Network protocols discussed here are foundational to more
advanced IT and programming concepts.
Geography: WAN can relate to geographic space, impacting how different regions are
connected.
Feedback Mechanism
After reviewing these notes, test your understanding by answering the self-assessment questions. If
you find any concepts confusing or challenging, discuss them with your teacher or classmates, or look
for additional resources that can provide clarification and further examples.
By adhering to these comprehensive study notes, you’ll be better prepared to understand and apply
network and internet technologies in both academic and real-world scenarios.
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