HIGH VOLTAGE OF ENGINEERING
Generation of High DC voltage Using Full
Wave Rectifiers Circuits:
❑ Types of Full wave rectifier
▪ Full Bridge (FB)
required 4-diodes as
shown in diagram
▪ Center-tapped (CT)
required centre-tap
transformer as shown
in figure.
➢ Conduction losses for (centre tap) CT is half.
➢ Diodes ratings for CT is twice than FB
❑ Bridge waveforms
❑ Centre-tapped waveforms
❑ High voltage rectifiers
Low voltage semiconductors
High voltage diode
High voltage thyristor
UofK, Dr. Kamal Ramadan; 2015
❑ Voltage multiplier circuits:
➢ These circuits are used to double the
input voltages; or
➢ to generates multiple of the input voltage.
➢ These circuits are constructed by simple
modification of rectifier circuits
➢ We must put in consideration the rated
values of the diodes, capacitors and
resistors.
م
a) Felard Circuit
➢ This circuit considered as the simplest
multiplier circuit,
➢ The figure shows its construction and
operation.
➢ From the circuit and for the negative second half of
the cycle the diode conduct and close the circuit so
that the diode charged with voltage equal the
maximum value of the supply Vmax.
➢ At the positive first half of the cycle the diode
become open circuit and the output voltage Vo from
the circuit equal twice the maximum value 2Vmax
(supply voltage + storage capacitor volts).
➢ the diagram shows
the wave form and
output voltage.
م01:36 14/03/2018 UofK, Dr. Kamal Ramadan; 2015
b) Cockroft-Walton Circuit
This considered as modification for Felard
circuit by adding diode D2 and capacitor C2
as shown in figure
➢ Also this circuit consists of smoothing
capacitor element C2
The figure shows the wave form for input,
capacitor voltage and output voltage
❑ Modification of Felard circuit to generates
Very High voltage:
➢ We can use many stages (units) of Ferald
circuit to generate high voltage up to 1 MV
as shown
➢ A single high voltage transformer can be used
to supply all stages of the generator.
➢ A 100 kV, 10 mA output can be generated
using two stages circuit with input 25 kV and
power rating 1 kVA.
➢ Notice that to generate the same voltage
(100 kV) using single phase half cycle
rectifier we need to use a transformer with
output 100 kV
➢ The output of this multistage circuit is given
by: Vo=2nVmax
➢ In case of loaded circuit there will be a volt drop
equal Vo.
➢ Also there are distortion in the voltage wave form
known as ripple, so that the output would not be
Vo=2nVmax
➢ This ripple can be calculated from equation:
V =
Where:
I : current
f : frequency
C: Capacitance
n: number of stages
➢ The Voltage regulation percentage can be
calculated as follows:
I 2 n2 n
V = n+ −
fc3 2 6
V
V % =
2nVmax
➢ So that the net output voltage can be
calculated from:
Vout = 2nVmax − V
➢ The optimal number of stages can be found
from:
➢ From this equation it can be notice that the
optimal number of stages depends on
voltage , capacitance and frequency.
❑ Example (1):
Cockroft-Walton of 10-stages, and identical
capacitors each 0.1 F, the maximum voltage is
100 kV, 50 Hz, if the required load current
equal 5 mA. Find:
a. Voltage Ripple
b. Voltage regulation
c. Output voltage
Solution
I n(n +1)
a) V =
f c
V =
10(10 + 1)
V= = 55 kV
50 0.110 2
I 2
b) V = n
n + − = 10 10 +
fc3 2 6 3 6
= 718.33 kV
